{ "version": "18.2.0", "generated": "2026-07-31", "title": "Unified Entity Experience", "scopeNote": "Universal profiles and passage indexing expose connections already present in the audited corpus. 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"summary": "" }, "fingerprint": "307a82d9", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=amon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aamon", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "person:josiah", "type": "person", "id": "josiah", "label": "Josiah", "normalizedLabel": "josiah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "king of Judah", "dateLabel": "Not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Undated narrative setting", "Not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1–2 Kings", "1–2 Chronicles" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "king of Judah" ], "networks": [ "judah-david-kings", "david-yeshua" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Undated narrative setting", "range": "Not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "" }, "fingerprint": "7e11e4f7", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=josiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajosiah", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ahab", "type": "person", "id": "ahab", "label": "Ahab", "normalizedLabel": "ahab", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "king of Israel, king of Israel; son of Omri", "dateLabel": "Not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Undated narrative setting", "Not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 16–22", "1 Kings 16:28–34" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "qarqar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Omri", "roles": [ "king of Israel", "king of Israel; son of Omri" ], "networks": [ "judah-david-kings", "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Undated narrative setting", "range": "Not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "" }, "fingerprint": "78df6f0c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ahab", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aahab", "connectionCount": 9 }, { "canonicalId": "person:athaliah", "type": "person", "id": "athaliah", "label": "Athaliah", "normalizedLabel": "athaliah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "queen-regnant of Judah, Omride princess and queen of Judah", "dateLabel": "Not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Undated narrative setting", "Not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 8:26; 11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Omride and Davidic royal house by marriage", "roles": [ "queen-regnant of Judah", "Omride princess and queen of Judah" ], "networks": [ "judah-david-kings", "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Undated narrative setting", "range": "Not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "" }, "fingerprint": "724ffd79", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=athaliah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aathaliah", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jehoahaz", "type": "person", "id": "jehoahaz", "label": "Jehoahaz / Shallum", "normalizedLabel": "jehoahaz shallum", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "king of Judah", "dateLabel": "Not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Undated narrative setting", "Not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:15", "2 Kings 23–25" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Jehoahaz / Joash / Jeroboam" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:jehoahaz-israel", "person:joash", "person:joash-israel", "person:jeroboam-i", "person:jeroboam-ii" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "king of Judah" ], "networks": [ "judah-david-kings" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Undated narrative setting", "range": "Not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "" }, "fingerprint": "be2cb675", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jehoahaz", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajehoahaz", "connectionCount": 9 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jehoiakim", "type": "person", "id": "jehoiakim", "label": "Jehoiakim / Eliakim", "normalizedLabel": "jehoiakim eliakim", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "king of Judah", "dateLabel": "Not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Undated narrative setting", "Not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:15", "2 Kings 23–25" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "king of Judah" ], "networks": [ "judah-david-kings" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Undated narrative setting", "range": "Not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "" }, "fingerprint": "d0c29885", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jehoiakim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajehoiakim", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zedekiah", "type": "person", "id": "zedekiah", "label": "Zedekiah / Mattaniah", "normalizedLabel": "zedekiah mattaniah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "king of Judah", "dateLabel": "Not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Undated narrative setting", "Not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:15", "2 Kings 23–25" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "king of Judah" ], "networks": [ "judah-david-kings" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Undated narrative setting", "range": "Not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "" }, "fingerprint": "2267f1af", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zedekiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azedekiah", "connectionCount": 3 }, { 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"biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hadad-ishmael", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahadad-ishmael", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:tema", "type": "person", "id": "tema", "label": "Tema", "normalizedLabel": "tema", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Named among the twelve sons or clan ancestors of Ishmael.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:13–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Ishmael", "roles": [ "Ishmaelite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Named among the twelve sons or clan ancestors of Ishmael." }, "fingerprint": "028de20c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=tema", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atema", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jetur", "type": "person", "id": "jetur", "label": "Jetur", "normalizedLabel": "jetur", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Named among the twelve sons or clan ancestors of Ishmael.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:13–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Ishmael", "roles": [ "Ishmaelite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Named among the twelve sons or clan ancestors of Ishmael." }, "fingerprint": "96126ee4", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jetur", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajetur", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:naphish", "type": "person", "id": "naphish", "label": "Naphish", "normalizedLabel": "naphish", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Named among the twelve sons or clan ancestors of Ishmael.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:13–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Ishmael", "roles": [ "Ishmaelite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Named among the twelve sons or clan ancestors of Ishmael." }, "fingerprint": "9214c54a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=naphish", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Anaphish", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:kedemah", "type": "person", "id": "kedemah", "label": "Kedemah", "normalizedLabel": "kedemah", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Named among the twelve sons or clan ancestors of Ishmael.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:13–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Ishmael", "roles": [ "Ishmaelite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Named among the twelve sons or clan ancestors of Ishmael." }, "fingerprint": "d6f93e4a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=kedemah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Akedemah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:sheba-jokshan", "type": "person", "id": "sheba-jokshan", "label": "Sheba son of Jokshan", "normalizedLabel": "sheba son of jokshan", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Sheba son of Jokshan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Sheba and Dedan" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:dedan-jokshan" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Keturah", "roles": [ "Keturah-line clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Sheba son of Jokshan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "92970711", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=sheba-jokshan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asheba-jokshan", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:dedan-jokshan", "type": "person", "id": "dedan-jokshan", "label": "Dedan son of Jokshan", "normalizedLabel": "dedan son of jokshan", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Dedan son of Jokshan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Sheba and Dedan" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:sheba-jokshan" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Keturah", "roles": [ "Keturah-line clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Dedan son of Jokshan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "719a45b7", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=dedan-jokshan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Adedan-jokshan", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ashurim", "type": "person", "id": "ashurim", "label": "Ashurim", "normalizedLabel": "ashurim", "aliases": [], "status": "collective descendants", "summary": "A plural people-group designation descended from Dedan rather than necessarily one individual.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Dedan", "roles": [ "Dedanite people group" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A plural people-group designation descended from Dedan rather than necessarily one individual." }, "fingerprint": "aeb85312", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ashurim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aashurim", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:letushim", "type": "person", "id": "letushim", "label": "Letushim", "normalizedLabel": "letushim", "aliases": [], "status": "collective descendants", "summary": "A plural people-group designation descended from Dedan rather than necessarily one individual.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Dedan", "roles": [ "Dedanite people group" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A plural people-group designation descended from Dedan rather than necessarily one individual." }, "fingerprint": "2292921c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=letushim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aletushim", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:leummim", "type": "person", "id": "leummim", "label": "Leummim", "normalizedLabel": "leummim", "aliases": [], "status": "collective descendants", "summary": "A plural people-group designation descended from Dedan rather than necessarily one individual.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Dedan", "roles": [ "Dedanite people group" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A plural people-group designation descended from Dedan rather than necessarily one individual." }, "fingerprint": "0a526f78", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=leummim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aleummim", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ephah-midian", "type": "person", "id": "ephah-midian", "label": "Ephah", "normalizedLabel": "ephah", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Ephah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:4" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Midian", "roles": [ "Midianite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ephah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ea6b837b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ephah-midian", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aephah-midian", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:epher-midian", "type": "person", "id": "epher-midian", "label": "Epher", "normalizedLabel": "epher", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Epher in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:4" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Midian", "roles": [ "Midianite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Epher in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "72b30b25", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=epher-midian", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aepher-midian", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hanoch-midian", "type": "person", "id": "hanoch-midian", "label": "Hanoch", "normalizedLabel": "hanoch", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Hanoch in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:4" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Midian", "roles": [ "Midianite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hanoch in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "2ceaf88c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hanoch-midian", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahanoch-midian", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abida", "type": "person", "id": "abida", "label": "Abida", "normalizedLabel": "abida", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Abida in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:4" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Midian", "roles": [ "Midianite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Abida in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "3141c514", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abida", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabida", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:eldaah", "type": "person", "id": "eldaah", "label": "Eldaah", "normalizedLabel": "eldaah", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Eldaah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 25:4" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Midian", "roles": [ "Midianite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Eldaah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f9a56cdc", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=eldaah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aeldaah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:moab", "type": "person", "id": "moab", "label": "Moab", "normalizedLabel": "moab", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "The narrative ancestor from whom Moab receives its name.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 19:37" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Moab", "roles": [ "ancestor of Moab" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "The narrative ancestor from whom Moab receives its name." }, "fingerprint": "7cb00514", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=moab", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amoab", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ben-ammi", "type": "person", "id": "ben-ammi", "label": "Ben-ammi", "normalizedLabel": "ben ammi", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "The narrative ancestor from whom the Ammonites receive their name.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 19:38" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Ammon", "roles": [ "ancestor of Ammon" ], "networks": [ "abrahamic-peoples" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "The narrative ancestor from whom the Ammonites receive their name." }, "fingerprint": "181bfd56", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ben-ammi", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aben-ammi", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:adah-esau", "type": "person", "id": "adah-esau", "label": "Adah", "normalizedLabel": "adah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Adah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:2–4" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Esau", "roles": [ "wife of Esau" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Adah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7650b58e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=adah-esau", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aadah-esau", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:basemath-esau", "type": "person", "id": "basemath-esau", "label": "Basemath", "normalizedLabel": "basemath", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Basemath in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:3–4" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Esau", "roles": [ "wife of Esau" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Basemath in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "81e576f2", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=basemath-esau", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abasemath-esau", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:oholibamah-esau", "type": "person", "id": "oholibamah-esau", "label": "Oholibamah", "normalizedLabel": "oholibamah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Oholibamah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:2, 5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Esau", "roles": [ "wife of Esau" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Oholibamah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "722d678e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=oholibamah-esau", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aoholibamah-esau", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:eliphaz-esau", "type": "person", "id": "eliphaz-esau", "label": "Eliphaz", "normalizedLabel": "eliphaz", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Eliphaz in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:4–5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Esau", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Eliphaz in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "88cc9872", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=eliphaz-esau", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aeliphaz-esau", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "person:reuel-esau", "type": "person", "id": "reuel-esau", "label": "Reuel", "normalizedLabel": "reuel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Reuel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:4–5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Esau", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Reuel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5cb0e80c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=reuel-esau", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Areuel-esau", "connectionCount": 7 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jeush-esau", "type": "person", "id": "jeush-esau", "label": "Jeush", "normalizedLabel": "jeush", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jeush in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:4–5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Esau", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jeush in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "59fd947e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jeush-esau", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajeush-esau", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jalam-esau", "type": "person", "id": "jalam-esau", "label": "Jalam", "normalizedLabel": "jalam", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jalam in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:4–5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Esau", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jalam in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5b3ba228", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jalam-esau", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajalam-esau", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:korah-esau", "type": "person", "id": "korah-esau", "label": "Korah son of Esau", "normalizedLabel": "korah son of esau", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Korah son of Esau in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:4–5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Esau", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Korah son of Esau in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e0990417", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=korah-esau", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Akorah-esau", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:timna-eliphaz", "type": "person", "id": "timna-eliphaz", "label": "Timna", "normalizedLabel": "timna", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Timna in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir/Edom", "roles": [ "concubine of Eliphaz" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Timna in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9c5062b3", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=timna-eliphaz", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atimna-eliphaz", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:teman", "type": "person", "id": "teman", "label": "Teman", "normalizedLabel": "teman", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Teman in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Eliphaz", "roles": [ "Edomite chief or clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Teman in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "06498f8d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=teman", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ateman", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:omar-edom", "type": "person", "id": "omar-edom", "label": "Omar", "normalizedLabel": "omar", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Omar in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Eliphaz", "roles": [ "Edomite chief or clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Omar in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "520eb59d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=omar-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aomar-edom", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zepho", "type": "person", "id": "zepho", "label": "Zepho", "normalizedLabel": "zepho", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Zepho in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Eliphaz", "roles": [ "Edomite chief or clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zepho in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "85b7fff2", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zepho", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azepho", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:gatam", "type": "person", "id": "gatam", "label": "Gatam", "normalizedLabel": "gatam", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Gatam in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Eliphaz", "roles": [ "Edomite chief or clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Gatam in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "1620d646", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=gatam", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Agatam", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:kenaz-edom", "type": "person", "id": "kenaz-edom", "label": "Kenaz", "normalizedLabel": "kenaz", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Kenaz in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Eliphaz", "roles": [ "Edomite chief or clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Kenaz in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "bdd947f3", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=kenaz-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Akenaz-edom", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:amalek", "type": "person", "id": "amalek", "label": "Amalek", "normalizedLabel": "amalek", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Amalek in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Amalek", "house": "House of Eliphaz", "roles": [ "ancestor of Amalek" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Amalek in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a354167b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=amalek", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aamalek", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:nahath-edom", "type": "person", "id": "nahath-edom", "label": "Nahath", "normalizedLabel": "nahath", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Nahath in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:13" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Reuel", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Nahath in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e31e5a32", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=nahath-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Anahath-edom", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zerah-edom", "type": "person", "id": "zerah-edom", "label": "Zerah son of Reuel", "normalizedLabel": "zerah son of reuel", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Zerah son of Reuel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:13" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Zerah" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:zerah" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Reuel", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zerah son of Reuel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "cdd9866b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zerah-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azerah-edom", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shammah-edom", "type": "person", "id": "shammah-edom", "label": "Shammah", "normalizedLabel": "shammah", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Shammah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:13" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Shammah" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:jesse-son-3" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Reuel", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shammah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ec5d0da4", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shammah-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashammah-edom", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mizzah", "type": "person", "id": "mizzah", "label": "Mizzah", "normalizedLabel": "mizzah", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Mizzah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:13" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "House of Reuel", "roles": [ "Edomite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mizzah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "198db55b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mizzah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amizzah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:seir", "type": "person", "id": "seir", "label": "Seir the Horite", "normalizedLabel": "seir the horite", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Seir the Horite in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "ancestor of the Horites of Seir" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Seir the Horite in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "dd03d59a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=seir", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aseir", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "person:lotan", "type": "person", "id": "lotan", "label": "Lotan", "normalizedLabel": "lotan", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Lotan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20–21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Lotan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "02b8ed22", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=lotan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Alotan", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shobal-seir", "type": "person", "id": "shobal-seir", "label": "Shobal", "normalizedLabel": "shobal", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Shobal in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20–21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shobal in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a2a9e6fb", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shobal-seir", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashobal-seir", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zibeon", "type": "person", "id": "zibeon", "label": "Zibeon", "normalizedLabel": "zibeon", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Zibeon in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20–21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zibeon in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "b647177f", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zibeon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azibeon", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:anah-seir", "type": "person", "id": "anah-seir", "label": "Anah son of Seir", "normalizedLabel": "anah son of seir", "aliases": [ "Anah" ], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "A son or clan descendant of Seir listed among the Horite chiefs.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20–21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Anah" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:anah-zibeon" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A son or clan descendant of Seir listed among the Horite chiefs." }, "fingerprint": "8393f6ec", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=anah-seir", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aanah-seir", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:dishon-seir", "type": "person", "id": "dishon-seir", "label": "Dishon", "normalizedLabel": "dishon", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Dishon in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20–21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Dishon" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:dishon-anah" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Dishon in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "6ac096d1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=dishon-seir", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Adishon-seir", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ezer-seir", "type": "person", "id": "ezer-seir", "label": "Ezer", "normalizedLabel": "ezer", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Ezer in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20–21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ezer in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5d0c3356", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ezer-seir", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aezer-seir", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:dishan-seir", "type": "person", "id": "dishan-seir", "label": "Dishan", "normalizedLabel": "dishan", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Dishan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20–21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Dishan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "48b91fbb", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=dishan-seir", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Adishan-seir", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:bela-edom", "type": "person", "id": "bela-edom", "label": "Bela son of Beor", "normalizedLabel": "bela son of beor", "aliases": [], "status": "royal list; familial relationship mostly unstated", "summary": "Bela son of Beor in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "Pre-monarchic Edomite kings", "roles": [ "king of Edom" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Bela son of Beor in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "70f6d0b5", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=bela-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abela-edom", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jobab-edom", "type": "person", "id": "jobab-edom", "label": "Jobab son of Zerah", "normalizedLabel": "jobab son of zerah", "aliases": [], "status": "royal list; familial relationship mostly unstated", "summary": "Jobab son of Zerah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "Pre-monarchic Edomite kings", "roles": [ "king of Edom" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jobab son of Zerah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a8cf037d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jobab-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajobab-edom", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:husham-edom", "type": "person", "id": "husham-edom", "label": "Husham", "normalizedLabel": "husham", "aliases": [], "status": "royal list; familial relationship mostly unstated", "summary": "Husham in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "Pre-monarchic Edomite kings", "roles": [ "king of Edom" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Husham in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "93bee5fe", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=husham-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahusham-edom", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hadad-edom", "type": "person", "id": "hadad-edom", "label": "Hadad son of Bedad", "normalizedLabel": "hadad son of bedad", "aliases": [], "status": "royal list; familial relationship mostly unstated", "summary": "Hadad son of Bedad in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "Pre-monarchic Edomite kings", "roles": [ "king of Edom" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hadad son of Bedad in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7e499fdf", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hadad-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahadad-edom", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:samlah-edom", "type": "person", "id": "samlah-edom", "label": "Samlah", "normalizedLabel": "samlah", "aliases": [], "status": "royal list; familial relationship mostly unstated", "summary": "Samlah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "Pre-monarchic Edomite kings", "roles": [ "king of Edom" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Samlah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "8e770560", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=samlah-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asamlah-edom", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shaul-edom", "type": "person", "id": "shaul-edom", "label": "Shaul of Rehoboth", "normalizedLabel": "shaul of rehoboth", "aliases": [], "status": "royal list; familial relationship mostly unstated", "summary": "Shaul of Rehoboth in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "Pre-monarchic Edomite kings", "roles": [ "king of Edom" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shaul of Rehoboth in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9b334bb9", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shaul-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashaul-edom", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:baal-hanan-edom", "type": "person", "id": "baal-hanan-edom", "label": "Baal-hanan son of Achbor", "normalizedLabel": "baal hanan son of achbor", "aliases": [], "status": "royal list; familial relationship mostly unstated", "summary": "Baal-hanan son of Achbor in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "Pre-monarchic Edomite kings", "roles": [ "king of Edom" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Baal-hanan son of Achbor in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "b326de0e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=baal-hanan-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abaal-hanan-edom", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hadar-edom", "type": "person", "id": "hadar-edom", "label": "Hadar / Hadad", "normalizedLabel": "hadar hadad", "aliases": [], "status": "royal list; familial relationship mostly unstated", "summary": "Hadar / Hadad in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Edom", "house": "Pre-monarchic Edomite kings", "roles": [ "king of Edom" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hadar / Hadad in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f1e48caa", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hadar-edom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahadar-edom", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:bela-benjamin", "type": "person", "id": "bela-benjamin", "label": "Bela son of Benjamin", "normalizedLabel": "bela son of benjamin", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Bela son of Benjamin in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Bela son of Benjamin in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f3dd52b9", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=bela-benjamin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abela-benjamin", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:becher-benjamin", "type": "person", "id": "becher-benjamin", "label": "Becher", "normalizedLabel": "becher", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Becher in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Becher in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "76b4f4af", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=becher-benjamin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abecher-benjamin", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ashbel", "type": "person", "id": "ashbel", "label": "Ashbel", "normalizedLabel": "ashbel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Ashbel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ashbel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e611d975", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ashbel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aashbel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:gera-benjamin", "type": "person", "id": "gera-benjamin", "label": "Gera", "normalizedLabel": "gera", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Gera in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Gera in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e37a7753", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=gera-benjamin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Agera-benjamin", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:naaman-benjamin", "type": "person", "id": "naaman-benjamin", "label": "Naaman", "normalizedLabel": "naaman", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Naaman in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Naaman in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "fe9358ec", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=naaman-benjamin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Anaaman-benjamin", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ehi-benjamin", "type": "person", "id": "ehi-benjamin", "label": "Ehi", "normalizedLabel": "ehi", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Ehi in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ehi in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "2117520a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ehi-benjamin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aehi-benjamin", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:rosh-benjamin", "type": "person", "id": "rosh-benjamin", "label": "Rosh", "normalizedLabel": "rosh", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Rosh in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Rosh in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7cf0e0e8", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=rosh-benjamin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Arosh-benjamin", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:muppim", "type": "person", "id": "muppim", "label": "Muppim", "normalizedLabel": "muppim", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Muppim in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Muppim in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5febf23a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=muppim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amuppim", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:huppim", "type": "person", "id": "huppim", "label": "Huppim", "normalizedLabel": "huppim", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Huppim in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Huppim in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9ac8488b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=huppim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahuppim", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ard-benjamin", "type": "person", "id": "ard-benjamin", "label": "Ard", "normalizedLabel": "ard", "aliases": [], "status": "textually variant tribal genealogy", "summary": "Ard in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Benjamin", "roles": [ "Benjaminite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ard in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "46c9c931", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ard-benjamin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aard-benjamin", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abiel-saul", "type": "person", "id": "abiel-saul", "label": "Abiel", "normalizedLabel": "abiel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit in the Samuel tradition", "summary": "Father of Kish and Ner in the Samuel genealogy.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 9:1; 14:50–51" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "Benjaminite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Father of Kish and Ner in the Samuel genealogy." }, "fingerprint": "5511ec2a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abiel-saul", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabiel-saul", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:kish-saul", "type": "person", "id": "kish-saul", "label": "Kish", "normalizedLabel": "kish", "aliases": [], "status": "textually complex genealogy", "summary": "Father of Saul; Samuel and Chronicles preserve different immediate ancestry for Kish.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 9:1; 14:50–51", "1 Chronicles 8:29–33; 9:35–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "Benjaminite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Father of Saul; Samuel and Chronicles preserve different immediate ancestry for Kish." }, "fingerprint": "ecb74460", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=kish-saul", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Akish-saul", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:saul-king", "type": "person", "id": "saul-king", "label": "Saul", "normalizedLabel": "saul", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Saul in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 9:1; 14:50–51", "1 Chronicles 8:29–33" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "first king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Saul in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f6169210", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=saul-king", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asaul-king", "connectionCount": 15 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ahinoam-saul", "type": "person", "id": "ahinoam-saul", "label": "Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz", "normalizedLabel": "ahinoam daughter of ahimaaz", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:50" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "wife of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "13132e40", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ahinoam-saul", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aahinoam-saul", "connectionCount": 7 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jonathan-saul", "type": "person", "id": "jonathan-saul", "label": "Jonathan", "normalizedLabel": "jonathan", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jonathan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49", "1 Chronicles 8:33; 9:39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "son of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jonathan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "12368e83", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jonathan-saul", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajonathan-saul", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abinadab-saul", "type": "person", "id": "abinadab-saul", "label": "Abinadab son of Saul", "normalizedLabel": "abinadab son of saul", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit; possible identity with Ishvi", "summary": "A son of Saul named in the Gilboa death account and the Chronicler’s genealogy.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 31:2", "1 Chronicles 8:33; 9:39; 10:2" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Ishvi / Abinadab" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:ishvi-saul" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "son of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A son of Saul named in the Gilboa death account and the Chronicler’s genealogy." }, "fingerprint": "cd963ff7", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abinadab-saul", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabinadab-saul", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:malchi-shua", "type": "person", "id": "malchi-shua", "label": "Malchi-shua", "normalizedLabel": "malchi shua", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Malchi-shua in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49", "1 Chronicles 8:33; 9:39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "son of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Malchi-shua in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ae927663", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=malchi-shua", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amalchi-shua", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:eshbaal", "type": "person", "id": "eshbaal", "label": "Eshbaal / Ish-bosheth", "normalizedLabel": "eshbaal ish bosheth", "aliases": [ "Ish-bosheth" ], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Eshbaal / Ish-bosheth in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49", "1 Chronicles 8:33; 9:39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "son of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Eshbaal / Ish-bosheth in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "1909aa5f", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=eshbaal", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aeshbaal", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:merab", "type": "person", "id": "merab", "label": "Merab", "normalizedLabel": "merab", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Merab in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "daughter of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Merab in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "17627905", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=merab", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amerab", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:michal", "type": "person", "id": "michal", "label": "Michal", "normalizedLabel": "michal", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Michal in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "daughter of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Michal in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "6422cef6", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=michal", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amichal", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:rizpah", "type": "person", "id": "rizpah", "label": "Rizpah daughter of Aiah", "normalizedLabel": "rizpah daughter of aiah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Rizpah daughter of Aiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Samuel 3:7; 21:8" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "concubine of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Rizpah daughter of Aiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "c8b37f5f", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=rizpah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Arizpah", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:armoni", "type": "person", "id": "armoni", "label": "Armoni", "normalizedLabel": "armoni", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Armoni in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Samuel 21:8" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "son of Saul and Rizpah" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Armoni in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a0d65b6c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=armoni", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aarmoni", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mephibosheth-rizpah", "type": "person", "id": "mephibosheth-rizpah", "label": "Mephibosheth son of Saul and Rizpah", "normalizedLabel": "mephibosheth son of saul and rizpah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Mephibosheth son of Saul and Rizpah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Samuel 21:8" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Mephibosheth" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:mephibosheth-jonathan" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "son of Saul and Rizpah" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mephibosheth son of Saul and Rizpah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "0d1c2826", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mephibosheth-rizpah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amephibosheth-rizpah", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mephibosheth-jonathan", "type": "person", "id": "mephibosheth-jonathan", "label": "Mephibosheth / Merib-baal", "normalizedLabel": "mephibosheth merib baal", "aliases": [ "Merib-baal" ], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Mephibosheth / Merib-baal in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Samuel 4:4; 9", "1 Chronicles 8:34" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Mephibosheth" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:mephibosheth-rizpah" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "son of Jonathan" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mephibosheth / Merib-baal in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "b7937003", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mephibosheth-jonathan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amephibosheth-jonathan", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jeroboam-i", "type": "person", "id": "jeroboam-i", "label": "Jeroboam I", "normalizedLabel": "jeroboam i", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jeroboam I in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 11–14" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "divided-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [ "Jehoahaz / Joash / Jeroboam" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:jehoahaz", "person:jehoahaz-israel", "person:joash", "person:joash-israel", "person:jeroboam-ii" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Jeroboam", "roles": [ "founder of the first northern dynasty" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jeroboam I in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "fc11b845", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jeroboam-i", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajeroboam-i", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abijah-jeroboam", "type": "person", "id": "abijah-jeroboam", "label": "Abijah son of Jeroboam", "normalizedLabel": "abijah son of jeroboam", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Abijah son of Jeroboam in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 14:1; 15:25" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Abijah / Abiah" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:abijah", "person:abijah-samuel" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Jeroboam", "roles": [ "son of Jeroboam I" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Abijah son of Jeroboam in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "744c8435", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abijah-jeroboam", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabijah-jeroboam", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:nadab-israel", "type": "person", "id": "nadab-israel", "label": "Nadab of Israel", "normalizedLabel": "nadab of israel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Nadab of Israel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 14:1; 15:25" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Jeroboam", "roles": [ "son of Jeroboam I" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Nadab of Israel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "1bfd960e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=nadab-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Anadab-israel", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:baasha", "type": "person", "id": "baasha", "label": "Baasha", "normalizedLabel": "baasha", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Baasha in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 15:27–16:7" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Issachar", "house": "House of Baasha", "roles": [ "king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Baasha in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "10675b49", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=baasha", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abaasha", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elah-israel", "type": "person", "id": "elah-israel", "label": "Elah of Israel", "normalizedLabel": "elah of israel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Elah of Israel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:6–14" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Baasha", "roles": [ "son and successor of Baasha" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Elah of Israel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "28025559", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elah-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelah-israel", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zimri-israel", "type": "person", "id": "zimri-israel", "label": "Zimri", "normalizedLabel": "zimri", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Zimri in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:9–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Military usurper", "roles": [ "king of Israel for seven days" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zimri in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5a62223e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zimri-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azimri-israel", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:tibni", "type": "person", "id": "tibni", "label": "Tibni son of Ginath", "normalizedLabel": "tibni son of ginath", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Tibni son of Ginath in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:21–22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Rival northern claimant", "roles": [ "rival claimant to Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Tibni son of Ginath in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5f5cc5fa", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=tibni", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atibni", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:omri", "type": "person", "id": "omri", "label": "Omri", "normalizedLabel": "omri", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Omri in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:16–28" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "omri-samaria" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Omri", "roles": [ "founder of the Omride dynasty" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Omri in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f2d31b69", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=omri", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aomri", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jezebel", "type": "person", "id": "jezebel", "label": "Jezebel", "normalizedLabel": "jezebel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jezebel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:31; 2 Kings 9" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Omride royal household", "roles": [ "queen of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jezebel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "377af312", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jezebel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajezebel", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ahaziah-israel", "type": "person", "id": "ahaziah-israel", "label": "Ahaziah of Israel", "normalizedLabel": "ahaziah of israel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Ahaziah of Israel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 22:40; 2 Kings 1:17; 3:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Omri", "roles": [ "son and successor of Ahab" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ahaziah of Israel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ffcd6d3e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ahaziah-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aahaziah-israel", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:joram-israel", "type": "person", "id": "joram-israel", "label": "Joram / Jehoram of Israel", "normalizedLabel": "joram jehoram of israel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Joram / Jehoram of Israel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Kings 22:40; 2 Kings 1:17; 3:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Omri", "roles": [ "son and successor of Ahab" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joram / Jehoram of Israel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "b73faae9", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=joram-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajoram-israel", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jehu-israel", "type": "person", "id": "jehu-israel", "label": "Jehu", "normalizedLabel": "jehu", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jehu in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 9–10" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "jehu" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Jehu", "roles": [ "founder of the Jehu dynasty" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jehu in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "8efa6070", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jehu-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajehu-israel", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jehoahaz-israel", "type": "person", "id": "jehoahaz-israel", "label": "Jehoahaz of Israel", "normalizedLabel": "jehoahaz of israel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jehoahaz of Israel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 10:35; 13–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Jehoahaz / Joash / Jeroboam" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:jehoahaz", "person:joash", "person:joash-israel", "person:jeroboam-i", "person:jeroboam-ii" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Jehu", "roles": [ "king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jehoahaz of Israel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "bb5b5ea1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jehoahaz-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajehoahaz-israel", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "person:joash-israel", "type": "person", "id": "joash-israel", "label": "Joash / Jehoash of Israel", "normalizedLabel": "joash jehoash of israel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Joash / Jehoash of Israel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 10:35; 13–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Jehoahaz / Joash / Jeroboam" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:jehoahaz", "person:jehoahaz-israel", "person:joash", "person:jeroboam-i", "person:jeroboam-ii" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Jehu", "roles": [ "king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joash / Jehoash of Israel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "47d52411", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=joash-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajoash-israel", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jeroboam-ii", "type": "person", "id": "jeroboam-ii", "label": "Jeroboam II", "normalizedLabel": "jeroboam ii", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jeroboam II in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 10:35; 13–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [ "Jehoahaz / Joash / Jeroboam" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:jehoahaz", "person:jehoahaz-israel", "person:joash", "person:joash-israel", "person:jeroboam-i" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Jehu", "roles": [ "king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jeroboam II in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e2366c07", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jeroboam-ii", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajeroboam-ii", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zechariah-israel", "type": "person", "id": "zechariah-israel", "label": "Zechariah of Israel", "normalizedLabel": "zechariah of israel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Zechariah of Israel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 10:35; 13–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Jehu", "roles": [ "king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zechariah of Israel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "8a4b0ad1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zechariah-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azechariah-israel", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shallum-israel", "type": "person", "id": "shallum-israel", "label": "Shallum son of Jabesh", "normalizedLabel": "shallum son of jabesh", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Shallum son of Jabesh in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:10–15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Usurper", "roles": [ "king of Israel for one month" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shallum son of Jabesh in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "2a943704", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shallum-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashallum-israel", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:menahem", "type": "person", "id": "menahem", "label": "Menahem", "normalizedLabel": "menahem", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Menahem in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:14–22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Menahem", "roles": [ "king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Menahem in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "8702948e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=menahem", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amenahem", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:pekahiah", "type": "person", "id": "pekahiah", "label": "Pekahiah", "normalizedLabel": "pekahiah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Pekahiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:22–26" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Menahem", "roles": [ "son and successor of Menahem" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Pekahiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "540366fe", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=pekahiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Apekahiah", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:pekah", "type": "person", "id": "pekah", "label": "Pekah", "normalizedLabel": "pekah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Pekah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:25–31" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Military usurper", "roles": [ "king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Pekah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5c1913b5", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=pekah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Apekah", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hoshea-israel", "type": "person", "id": "hoshea-israel", "label": "Hoshea", "normalizedLabel": "hoshea", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Hoshea in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:30; 17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "samaria-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Final northern monarchy", "roles": [ "last king of Israel" ], "networks": [ "northern-royal-houses" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hoshea in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "0e7368a9", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hoshea-israel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahoshea-israel", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:gershon", "type": "person", "id": "gershon", "label": "Gershon son of Levi", "normalizedLabel": "gershon son of levi", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Gershon son of Levi in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:16–22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Gershon son of Levi in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "c67bc165", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=gershon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Agershon", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:merari", "type": "person", "id": "merari", "label": "Merari son of Levi", "normalizedLabel": "merari son of levi", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Merari son of Levi in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:16–22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Merari son of Levi in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f67746b1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=merari", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amerari", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:izhar", "type": "person", "id": "izhar", "label": "Izhar", "normalizedLabel": "izhar", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Izhar in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:16–22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Izhar in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "17c68e14", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=izhar", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aizhar", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hebron-levite", "type": "person", "id": "hebron-levite", "label": "Hebron son of Kohath", "normalizedLabel": "hebron son of kohath", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Hebron son of Kohath in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:16–22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hebron son of Kohath in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9af26412", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hebron-levite", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahebron-levite", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:uzziel-levite", "type": "person", "id": "uzziel-levite", "label": "Uzziel son of Kohath", "normalizedLabel": "uzziel son of kohath", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Uzziel son of Kohath in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:16–22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Uzziel son of Kohath in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "32e8f0dd", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=uzziel-levite", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Auzziel-levite", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:libni", "type": "person", "id": "libni", "label": "Libni", "normalizedLabel": "libni", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Libni in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:17, 19" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Libni in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7ce623bc", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=libni", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Alibni", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shimei-gershon", "type": "person", "id": "shimei-gershon", "label": "Shimei son of Gershon", "normalizedLabel": "shimei son of gershon", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Shimei son of Gershon in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:17, 19" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shimei son of Gershon in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "bda76056", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shimei-gershon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashimei-gershon", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mahli", "type": "person", "id": "mahli", "label": "Mahli", "normalizedLabel": "mahli", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Mahli in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:17, 19" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mahli in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "b33399c7", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mahli", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amahli", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mushi", "type": "person", "id": "mushi", "label": "Mushi", "normalizedLabel": "mushi", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Mushi in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:17, 19" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Levitical clans", "roles": [ "Levitical clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mushi in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5089ac8a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mushi", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amushi", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:korah", "type": "person", "id": "korah", "label": "Korah son of Izhar", "normalizedLabel": "korah son of izhar", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Korah son of Izhar in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Kohath/Izhar", "roles": [ "Izharite Levite" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Korah son of Izhar in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "957619e2", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=korah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Akorah", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:nepheg-izhar", "type": "person", "id": "nepheg-izhar", "label": "Nepheg", "normalizedLabel": "nepheg", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Nepheg in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Kohath/Izhar", "roles": [ "Izharite Levite" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Nepheg in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9226abd1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=nepheg-izhar", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Anepheg-izhar", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zichri-izhar", "type": "person", "id": "zichri-izhar", "label": "Zichri", "normalizedLabel": "zichri", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Zichri in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Kohath/Izhar", "roles": [ "Izharite Levite" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zichri in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ba06f7bb", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zichri-izhar", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azichri-izhar", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:assir-korah", "type": "person", "id": "assir-korah", "label": "Assir", "normalizedLabel": "assir", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Assir in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:24" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Korahites", "roles": [ "Korahite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Assir in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e1a821ee", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=assir-korah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aassir-korah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elkanah-korah", "type": "person", "id": "elkanah-korah", "label": "Elkanah son of Korah", "normalizedLabel": "elkanah son of korah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Elkanah son of Korah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:24" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Korahites", "roles": [ "Korahite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Elkanah son of Korah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "cdf3c760", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elkanah-korah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelkanah-korah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abiasaph", "type": "person", "id": "abiasaph", "label": "Abiasaph", "normalizedLabel": "abiasaph", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Abiasaph in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:24" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Korahites", "roles": [ "Korahite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Abiasaph in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "df2f93d1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abiasaph", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabiasaph", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mishael-uzziel", "type": "person", "id": "mishael-uzziel", "label": "Mishael", "normalizedLabel": "mishael", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Mishael in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Kohath/Uzziel", "roles": [ "Uzzielite Levite" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mishael in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9d15610a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mishael-uzziel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amishael-uzziel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elzaphan", "type": "person", "id": "elzaphan", "label": "Elzaphan", "normalizedLabel": "elzaphan", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Elzaphan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Kohath/Uzziel", "roles": [ "Uzzielite Levite" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Elzaphan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "82bb8d90", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elzaphan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelzaphan", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:sithri", "type": "person", "id": "sithri", "label": "Sithri", "normalizedLabel": "sithri", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Sithri in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 6:22" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Kohath/Uzziel", "roles": [ "Uzzielite Levite" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Sithri in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "4b18244a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=sithri", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asithri", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zuph", "type": "person", "id": "zuph", "label": "Zuph", "normalizedLabel": "zuph", "aliases": [], "status": "textually complex Levitical genealogy", "summary": "Zuph in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Elkanah", "roles": [ "Korahite/Ephraimite household ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zuph in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "4bd3447a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zuph", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azuph", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:tohu", "type": "person", "id": "tohu", "label": "Tohu", "normalizedLabel": "tohu", "aliases": [], "status": "textually complex Levitical genealogy", "summary": "Tohu in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Elkanah", "roles": [ "Korahite/Ephraimite household ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Tohu in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f7023de9", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=tohu", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atohu", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elihu-elkanah", "type": "person", "id": "elihu-elkanah", "label": "Elihu", "normalizedLabel": "elihu", "aliases": [], "status": "textually complex Levitical genealogy", "summary": "Elihu in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Elkanah", "roles": [ "Korahite/Ephraimite household ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Elihu in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9cf5cad8", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elihu-elkanah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelihu-elkanah", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jeroham-elkanah", "type": "person", "id": "jeroham-elkanah", "label": "Jeroham", "normalizedLabel": "jeroham", "aliases": [], "status": "textually complex Levitical genealogy", "summary": "Jeroham in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Elkanah", "roles": [ "Korahite/Ephraimite household ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jeroham in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "25647363", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jeroham-elkanah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajeroham-elkanah", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elkanah-samuel", "type": "person", "id": "elkanah-samuel", "label": "Elkanah", "normalizedLabel": "elkanah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually complex Levitical genealogy", "summary": "Elkanah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Elkanah", "roles": [ "Korahite/Ephraimite household ancestor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Elkanah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "880e6869", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elkanah-samuel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelkanah-samuel", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hannah", "type": "person", "id": "hannah", "label": "Hannah", "normalizedLabel": "hannah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Hannah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1–2" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Elkanah", "roles": [ "mother of Samuel" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hannah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "d18dd03f", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hannah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahannah", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:samuel", "type": "person", "id": "samuel", "label": "Samuel", "normalizedLabel": "samuel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Samuel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1–25" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges", "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Elkanah", "roles": [ "prophet, judge, and priestly servant" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Samuel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "d09c7f4d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=samuel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asamuel", "connectionCount": 9 }, { "canonicalId": "person:joel-samuel", "type": "person", "id": "joel-samuel", "label": "Joel son of Samuel", "normalizedLabel": "joel son of samuel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Joel son of Samuel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 8:2" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Samuel", "roles": [ "son and judge under Samuel" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joel son of Samuel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "acee25cf", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=joel-samuel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajoel-samuel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abijah-samuel", "type": "person", "id": "abijah-samuel", "label": "Abijah son of Samuel", "normalizedLabel": "abijah son of samuel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Abijah son of Samuel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 8:2" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Abijah / Abiah" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:abijah", "person:abijah-jeroboam" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Samuel", "roles": [ "son and judge under Samuel" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Abijah son of Samuel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "cd4d096d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abijah-samuel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabijah-samuel", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:joiakim-priest", "type": "person", "id": "joiakim-priest", "label": "Joiakim the high priest", "normalizedLabel": "joiakim the high priest", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical succession record", "summary": "Joiakim the high priest in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Nehemiah 12:10–11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "High-priestly house", "roles": [ "postexilic high-priestly successor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joiakim the high priest in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "bed4de35", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=joiakim-priest", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajoiakim-priest", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:eliashib-priest", "type": "person", "id": "eliashib-priest", "label": "Eliashib the high priest", "normalizedLabel": "eliashib the high priest", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical succession record", "summary": "Eliashib the high priest in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Nehemiah 12:10–11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "High-priestly house", "roles": [ "postexilic high-priestly successor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Eliashib the high priest in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5d124f0e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=eliashib-priest", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aeliashib-priest", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:joiada-priest", "type": "person", "id": "joiada-priest", "label": "Joiada", "normalizedLabel": "joiada", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical succession record", "summary": "Joiada in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Nehemiah 12:10–11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "High-priestly house", "roles": [ "postexilic high-priestly successor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joiada in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "8b87ff39", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=joiada-priest", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajoiada-priest", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:johanan-priest-2", "type": "person", "id": "johanan-priest-2", "label": "Johanan / Jonathan", "normalizedLabel": "johanan jonathan", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical succession record", "summary": "Johanan / Jonathan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Nehemiah 12:10–11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "High-priestly house", "roles": [ "postexilic high-priestly successor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Johanan / Jonathan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e341d04d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=johanan-priest-2", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajohanan-priest-2", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jaddua", "type": "person", "id": "jaddua", "label": "Jaddua", "normalizedLabel": "jaddua", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical succession record", "summary": "Jaddua in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Nehemiah 12:10–11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "High-priestly house", "roles": [ "postexilic high-priestly successor" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jaddua in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ea69caa8", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jaddua", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajaddua", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ezra-scribe", "type": "person", "id": "ezra-scribe", "label": "Ezra", "normalizedLabel": "ezra", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Ezra in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 7:1–5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "ezra-nehemiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Aaron", "roles": [ "priest and scribe" ], "networks": [ "levitical-clans" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ezra in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "71fd4c6c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ezra-scribe", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aezra-scribe", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jerahmeel", "type": "person", "id": "jerahmeel", "label": "Jerahmeel", "normalizedLabel": "jerahmeel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jerahmeel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 2:9" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of Hezron", "roles": [ "Judahite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jerahmeel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "23ed3195", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jerahmeel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajerahmeel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:caleb-hezron", "type": "person", "id": "caleb-hezron", "label": "Caleb / Chelubai", "normalizedLabel": "caleb chelubai", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Caleb / Chelubai in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 2:9" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of Hezron", "roles": [ "Judahite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Caleb / Chelubai in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7c5fbe44", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=caleb-hezron", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Acaleb-hezron", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:azubah-caleb", "type": "person", "id": "azubah-caleb", "label": "Azubah", "normalizedLabel": "azubah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Azubah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 2:18–19" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "Calebite household", "roles": [ "wife of Caleb" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Azubah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "cf8e0ee2", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=azubah-caleb", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aazubah-caleb", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ephrath", "type": "person", "id": "ephrath", "label": "Ephrath", "normalizedLabel": "ephrath", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Ephrath in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 2:19" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "Calebite household", "roles": [ "wife of Caleb and mother of Hur" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ephrath in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e75e3d63", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ephrath", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aephrath", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hur-caleb", "type": "person", "id": "hur-caleb", "label": "Hur", "normalizedLabel": "hur", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Hur in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 2:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of Caleb", "roles": [ "Calebite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hur in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f8423bd1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hur-caleb", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahur-caleb", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:uri-bezalel", "type": "person", "id": "uri-bezalel", "label": "Uri", "normalizedLabel": "uri", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Uri in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 31:2; 1 Chronicles 2:20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of Hur", "roles": [ "father of Bezalel" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Uri in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a57a89b2", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=uri-bezalel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Auri-bezalel", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:bezalel", "type": "person", "id": "bezalel", "label": "Bezalel", "normalizedLabel": "bezalel", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Bezalel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Exodus 31:2" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of Hur", "roles": [ "tabernacle artisan" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Bezalel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "c30c745e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=bezalel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abezalel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shuthelah", "type": "person", "id": "shuthelah", "label": "Shuthelah son of Ephraim", "normalizedLabel": "shuthelah son of ephraim", "aliases": [ "Shuthelah" ], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "The first Shuthelah named in Ephraim’s genealogy.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Shuthelah" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:shuthelah-ephraim-2" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "The first Shuthelah named in Ephraim’s genealogy." }, "fingerprint": "e4d48c47", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shuthelah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashuthelah", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:beriah-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "beriah-ephraim", "label": "Beriah", "normalizedLabel": "beriah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Beriah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Beriah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7e5afa9e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=beriah-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aberiah-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:rephah-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "rephah-ephraim", "label": "Rephah", "normalizedLabel": "rephah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Rephah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Rephah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7f90d567", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=rephah-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Arephah-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:resheph-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "resheph-ephraim", "label": "Resheph", "normalizedLabel": "resheph", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Resheph in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Resheph in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "159919ca", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=resheph-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aresheph-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:telah-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "telah-ephraim", "label": "Telah", "normalizedLabel": "telah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Telah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Telah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "11b678db", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=telah-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atelah-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:tahan-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "tahan-ephraim", "label": "Tahan", "normalizedLabel": "tahan", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Tahan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Tahan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "af74dda1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=tahan-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atahan-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ladan-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "ladan-ephraim", "label": "Ladan", "normalizedLabel": "ladan", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Ladan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ladan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "0593272d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ladan-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aladan-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ammihud-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "ammihud-ephraim", "label": "Ammihud", "normalizedLabel": "ammihud", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Ammihud in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ammihud in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "cbfe4a0a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ammihud-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aammihud-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elishama-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "elishama-ephraim", "label": "Elishama", "normalizedLabel": "elishama", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Elishama in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Elishama in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "3477a487", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elishama-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelishama-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:nun", "type": "person", "id": "nun", "label": "Nun", "normalizedLabel": "nun", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Nun in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Nun in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "1f1539a4", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=nun", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Anun", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:joshua", "type": "person", "id": "joshua", "label": "Joshua son of Nun", "normalizedLabel": "joshua son of nun", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Joshua son of Nun in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20–27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "jericho-campaign", "shechem-joshua-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "successor of Moses" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joshua son of Nun in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "2bc47e97", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=joshua", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajoshua", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:machir", "type": "person", "id": "machir", "label": "Machir", "normalizedLabel": "machir", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Machir in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 50:23; Numbers 26:29" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Manasseh", "roles": [ "Manassite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Machir in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e81db2fb", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=machir", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amachir", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:gilead-machir", "type": "person", "id": "gilead-machir", "label": "Gilead son of Machir", "normalizedLabel": "gilead son of machir", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Gilead son of Machir in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Numbers 26:29" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Machir", "roles": [ "Manassite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Gilead son of Machir in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "cb19a301", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=gilead-machir", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Agilead-machir", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zelophehad", "type": "person", "id": "zelophehad", "label": "Zelophehad", "normalizedLabel": "zelophehad", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Zelophehad in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Numbers 26:33; 27" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Hepher", "roles": [ "Manassite father of five daughters" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zelophehad in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "979e88ec", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zelophehad", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azelophehad", "connectionCount": 7 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mahlah", "type": "person", "id": "mahlah", "label": "Mahlah", "normalizedLabel": "mahlah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Mahlah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Numbers 26:33; 27:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Zelophehad", "roles": [ "daughter and heiress of Zelophehad" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mahlah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "af9f1591", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mahlah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amahlah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:noah-zelophehad", "type": "person", "id": "noah-zelophehad", "label": "Noah daughter of Zelophehad", "normalizedLabel": "noah daughter of zelophehad", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Noah daughter of Zelophehad in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Numbers 26:33; 27:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Zelophehad", "roles": [ "daughter and heiress of Zelophehad" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Noah daughter of Zelophehad in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "04f2e453", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=noah-zelophehad", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Anoah-zelophehad", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hoglah", "type": "person", "id": "hoglah", "label": "Hoglah", "normalizedLabel": "hoglah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Hoglah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Numbers 26:33; 27:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Zelophehad", "roles": [ "daughter and heiress of Zelophehad" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hoglah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "43396e19", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hoglah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahoglah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:milcah-zelophehad", "type": "person", "id": "milcah-zelophehad", "label": "Milcah daughter of Zelophehad", "normalizedLabel": "milcah daughter of zelophehad", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Milcah daughter of Zelophehad in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Numbers 26:33; 27:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Zelophehad", "roles": [ "daughter and heiress of Zelophehad" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Milcah daughter of Zelophehad in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "941ce8ef", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=milcah-zelophehad", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amilcah-zelophehad", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:tirzah-zelophehad", "type": "person", "id": "tirzah-zelophehad", "label": "Tirzah", "normalizedLabel": "tirzah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Tirzah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Numbers 26:33; 27:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Zelophehad", "roles": [ "daughter and heiress of Zelophehad" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Tirzah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "64e4c1a6", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=tirzah-zelophehad", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atirzah-zelophehad", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:joash-abiezrite", "type": "person", "id": "joash-abiezrite", "label": "Joash the Abiezrite", "normalizedLabel": "joash the abiezrite", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Joash the Abiezrite in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 6:11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "father of Gideon" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joash the Abiezrite in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ed82ef10", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=joash-abiezrite", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajoash-abiezrite", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:gideon", "type": "person", "id": "gideon", "label": "Gideon / Jerubbaal", "normalizedLabel": "gideon jerubbaal", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Gideon / Jerubbaal in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 6–8" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "judge and deliverer" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Gideon / Jerubbaal in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9125df11", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=gideon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Agideon", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abimelech-gideon", "type": "person", "id": "abimelech-gideon", "label": "Abimelech son of Gideon", "normalizedLabel": "abimelech son of gideon", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Abimelech son of Gideon in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 8:31; 9" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "claimant king at Shechem" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Abimelech son of Gideon in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9569f271", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abimelech-gideon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabimelech-gideon", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jotham-gideon", "type": "person", "id": "jotham-gideon", "label": "Jotham son of Gideon", "normalizedLabel": "jotham son of gideon", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jotham son of Gideon in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 9:5–21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "surviving son of Gideon" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jotham son of Gideon in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ec6cd6f0", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jotham-gideon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajotham-gideon", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:manoah", "type": "person", "id": "manoah", "label": "Manoah", "normalizedLabel": "manoah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Manoah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 13" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "father of Samson" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Manoah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "66462df2", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=manoah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amanoah", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:samson", "type": "person", "id": "samson", "label": "Samson", "normalizedLabel": "samson", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Samson in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 13–16" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "judge and Nazirite deliverer" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Samson in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "570ba39d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=samson", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asamson", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:deborah", "type": "person", "id": "deborah", "label": "Deborah", "normalizedLabel": "deborah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Deborah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 4–5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "prophet and judge" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Deborah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "91c1bba7", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=deborah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Adeborah", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:lappidoth", "type": "person", "id": "lappidoth", "label": "Lappidoth", "normalizedLabel": "lappidoth", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Lappidoth in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 4:4" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "husband of Deborah" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Lappidoth in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "b9b64adc", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=lappidoth", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Alappidoth", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:gilead-jephthah", "type": "person", "id": "gilead-jephthah", "label": "Gilead father of Jephthah", "normalizedLabel": "gilead father of jephthah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Gilead father of Jephthah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 11:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "Gileadite household ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Gilead father of Jephthah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a8020530", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=gilead-jephthah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Agilead-jephthah", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jephthah", "type": "person", "id": "jephthah", "label": "Jephthah", "normalizedLabel": "jephthah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jephthah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Judges 11–12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Judges-era household", "roles": [ "judge and military leader" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jephthah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a239160a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jephthah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajephthah", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:meshullam-zerubbabel", "type": "person", "id": "meshullam-zerubbabel", "label": "Meshullam son of Zerubbabel", "normalizedLabel": "meshullam son of zerubbabel", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Meshullam son of Zerubbabel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "child or descendant of Zerubbabel" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Meshullam son of Zerubbabel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "053b5f73", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=meshullam-zerubbabel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ameshullam-zerubbabel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hananiah-zerubbabel", "type": "person", "id": "hananiah-zerubbabel", "label": "Hananiah son of Zerubbabel", "normalizedLabel": "hananiah son of zerubbabel", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Hananiah son of Zerubbabel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "child or descendant of Zerubbabel" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hananiah son of Zerubbabel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "90050887", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hananiah-zerubbabel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahananiah-zerubbabel", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shelomith-zerubbabel", "type": "person", "id": "shelomith-zerubbabel", "label": "Shelomith daughter of Zerubbabel", "normalizedLabel": "shelomith daughter of zerubbabel", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Shelomith daughter of Zerubbabel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "child or descendant of Zerubbabel" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shelomith daughter of Zerubbabel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "cd7539d3", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shelomith-zerubbabel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashelomith-zerubbabel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hashubah", "type": "person", "id": "hashubah", "label": "Hashubah", "normalizedLabel": "hashubah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Hashubah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "child or descendant of Zerubbabel" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hashubah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f30d95a4", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hashubah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahashubah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ohel", "type": "person", "id": "ohel", "label": "Ohel", "normalizedLabel": "ohel", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Ohel in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "child or descendant of Zerubbabel" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ohel in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e2286b08", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ohel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aohel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:berechiah-zerubbabel", "type": "person", "id": "berechiah-zerubbabel", "label": "Berechiah", "normalizedLabel": "berechiah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Berechiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "child or descendant of Zerubbabel" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Berechiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "c3f14cef", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=berechiah-zerubbabel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aberechiah-zerubbabel", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hasadiah", "type": "person", "id": "hasadiah", "label": "Hasadiah", "normalizedLabel": "hasadiah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Hasadiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "child or descendant of Zerubbabel" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hasadiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9788664f", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hasadiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahasadiah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jushab-hesed", "type": "person", "id": "jushab-hesed", "label": "Jushab-hesed", "normalizedLabel": "jushab hesed", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Jushab-hesed in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "child or descendant of Zerubbabel" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jushab-hesed in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "afc32a64", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jushab-hesed", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajushab-hesed", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:pelatiah-hananiah", "type": "person", "id": "pelatiah-hananiah", "label": "Pelatiah", "normalizedLabel": "pelatiah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Pelatiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "postexilic Davidic descendant" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Pelatiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e01baa26", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=pelatiah-hananiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Apelatiah-hananiah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jeshaiah-hananiah", "type": "person", "id": "jeshaiah-hananiah", "label": "Jeshaiah", "normalizedLabel": "jeshaiah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Jeshaiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "postexilic Davidic descendant" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jeshaiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "28c7d66f", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jeshaiah-hananiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajeshaiah-hananiah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:rephaiah-hananiah", "type": "person", "id": "rephaiah-hananiah", "label": "Rephaiah", "normalizedLabel": "rephaiah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Rephaiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "postexilic Davidic descendant" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Rephaiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "297d3f9e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=rephaiah-hananiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Arephaiah-hananiah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:arnan", "type": "person", "id": "arnan", "label": "Arnan", "normalizedLabel": "arnan", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Arnan in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "postexilic Davidic descendant" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Arnan in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "85f878b2", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=arnan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aarnan", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:obadiah-hananiah", "type": "person", "id": "obadiah-hananiah", "label": "Obadiah", "normalizedLabel": "obadiah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Obadiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "postexilic Davidic descendant" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Obadiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "8dbb1f2c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=obadiah-hananiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aobadiah-hananiah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shecaniah-davidic", "type": "person", "id": "shecaniah-davidic", "label": "Shecaniah", "normalizedLabel": "shecaniah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Shecaniah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 3:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "postexilic Davidic descendant" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shecaniah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "14c4c4d2", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shecaniah-davidic", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashecaniah-davidic", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hacaliah", "type": "person", "id": "hacaliah", "label": "Hacaliah", "normalizedLabel": "hacaliah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Hacaliah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Nehemiah 1:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "Restoration community", "roles": [ "father of Nehemiah" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hacaliah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a5b29825", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hacaliah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahacaliah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:nehemiah", "type": "person", "id": "nehemiah", "label": "Nehemiah", "normalizedLabel": "nehemiah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Nehemiah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Nehemiah 1–13" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "ezra-nehemiah", "nehemiah-wall" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of Hacaliah", "roles": [ "governor and wall-builder" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Nehemiah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "422ab83d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=nehemiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Anehemiah", "connectionCount": 7 }, { "canonicalId": "person:hanani-nehemiah", "type": "person", "id": "hanani-nehemiah", "label": "Hanani", "normalizedLabel": "hanani", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Hanani in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Nehemiah 1:2; 7:2" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of Hacaliah", "roles": [ "brother of Nehemiah" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Hanani in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5d1bc7e5", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=hanani-nehemiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ahanani-nehemiah", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abihail-esther", "type": "person", "id": "abihail-esther", "label": "Abihail", "normalizedLabel": "abihail", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Abihail in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Esther 2:15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "Persian Jewish diaspora", "roles": [ "father of Esther" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Abihail in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "8306df58", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abihail-esther", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabihail-esther", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:esther", "type": "person", "id": "esther", "label": "Esther / Hadassah", "normalizedLabel": "esther hadassah", "aliases": [ "Hadassah" ], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Esther / Hadassah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Esther 2:7, 15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "esther-persian-court" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "Persian Jewish diaspora", "roles": [ "queen and cousin/adopted daughter of Mordecai" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Esther / Hadassah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "c1d1fcfa", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=esther", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aesther", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:kish-mordecai", "type": "person", "id": "kish-mordecai", "label": "Kish ancestor of Mordecai", "normalizedLabel": "kish ancestor of mordecai", "aliases": [], "status": "genealogical ancestor", "summary": "Kish ancestor of Mordecai in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Esther 2:5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Kish", "roles": [ "Benjaminite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Kish ancestor of Mordecai in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "0ca71e0e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=kish-mordecai", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Akish-mordecai", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shimei-mordecai", "type": "person", "id": "shimei-mordecai", "label": "Shimei ancestor of Mordecai", "normalizedLabel": "shimei ancestor of mordecai", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Shimei ancestor of Mordecai in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Esther 2:5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Kish", "roles": [ "Benjaminite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shimei ancestor of Mordecai in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ba26f620", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shimei-mordecai", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashimei-mordecai", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:jair-mordecai", "type": "person", "id": "jair-mordecai", "label": "Jair father of Mordecai", "normalizedLabel": "jair father of mordecai", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Jair father of Mordecai in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Esther 2:5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Kish", "roles": [ "father of Mordecai" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Jair father of Mordecai in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "62b78526", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=jair-mordecai", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajair-mordecai", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mordecai", "type": "person", "id": "mordecai", "label": "Mordecai", "normalizedLabel": "mordecai", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Mordecai in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Esther 2–10" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "esther-persian-court" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Kish", "roles": [ "guardian of Esther and Persian court official" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mordecai in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "db8b3295", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mordecai", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amordecai", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:parosh", "type": "person", "id": "parosh", "label": "Parosh", "normalizedLabel": "parosh", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "05f0f3fb", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=parosh", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aparosh", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:pahath-moab", "type": "person", "id": "pahath-moab", "label": "Pahath-moab", "normalizedLabel": "pahath moab", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:6" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "4710269b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=pahath-moab", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Apahath-moab", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elam-return", "type": "person", "id": "elam-return", "label": "Elam returnee house", "normalizedLabel": "elam returnee house", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:7" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "88eadd73", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elam-return", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelam-return", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zattu", "type": "person", "id": "zattu", "label": "Zattu", "normalizedLabel": "zattu", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:8" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "a7a33c0e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zattu", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azattu", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:bani-return", "type": "person", "id": "bani-return", "label": "Bani", "normalizedLabel": "bani", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:10" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "2f7a03dd", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=bani-return", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abani-return", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:bebai", "type": "person", "id": "bebai", "label": "Bebai", "normalizedLabel": "bebai", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "d4f55acc", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=bebai", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abebai", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:azgad", "type": "person", "id": "azgad", "label": "Azgad", "normalizedLabel": "azgad", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "773f9331", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=azgad", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aazgad", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:adonikam", "type": "person", "id": "adonikam", "label": "Adonikam", "normalizedLabel": "adonikam", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:13" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "a50a6e9a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=adonikam", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aadonikam", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:bigvai", "type": "person", "id": "bigvai", "label": "Bigvai", "normalizedLabel": "bigvai", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:14" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "ae2a0c0f", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=bigvai", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abigvai", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:adin", "type": "person", "id": "adin", "label": "Adin", "normalizedLabel": "adin", "aliases": [], "status": "house or eponymous ancestor rather than securely identified individual", "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Ezra 2:15" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Restoration returnee family", "roles": [ "ancestral house in the returnee register" ], "networks": [ "postexilic-restoration" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A family-house designation in the returnee list; the name may identify an ancestor, clan, or administrative household." }, "fingerprint": "8e749ce4", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=adin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aadin", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zechariah-priest", "type": "person", "id": "zechariah-priest", "label": "Zechariah", "normalizedLabel": "zechariah", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Zechariah in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Luke 1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Priestly division of Abijah", "roles": [ "priest and father of John the Baptist" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zechariah in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "3f8370f5", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zechariah-priest", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azechariah-priest", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elizabeth", "type": "person", "id": "elizabeth", "label": "Elizabeth", "normalizedLabel": "elizabeth", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Elizabeth in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Luke 1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "Daughters of Aaron", "roles": [ "mother of John the Baptist and relative of Mary" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Elizabeth in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "094f189b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elizabeth", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelizabeth", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:john-baptist-person", "type": "person", "id": "john-baptist-person", "label": "John the Baptist", "normalizedLabel": "john the baptist", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "John the Baptist in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Luke 1; Mark 1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist", "john-baptist-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Levi", "house": "House of Zechariah", "roles": [ "prophet and forerunner" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "John the Baptist in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "8c2dcde8", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=john-baptist-person", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajohn-baptist-person", "connectionCount": 7 }, { "canonicalId": "person:james-brother", "type": "person", "id": "james-brother", "label": "James brother of Yeshua", "normalizedLabel": "james brother of yeshua", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit kinship; exact family interpretation disputed", "summary": "James brother of Yeshua in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 6:3; Matthew 13:55" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "james-brother-death" ], "collisionGroups": [ "James" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:james-zebedee", "person:james-alphaeus" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Nazareth household", "roles": [ "brother or close male kin of Yeshua" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "James brother of Yeshua in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f0e612ae", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=james-brother", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajames-brother", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:joses-brother", "type": "person", "id": "joses-brother", "label": "Joses / Joseph", "normalizedLabel": "joses joseph", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit kinship; exact family interpretation disputed", "summary": "Joses / Joseph in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 6:3; Matthew 13:55" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Nazareth household", "roles": [ "brother or close male kin of Yeshua" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joses / Joseph in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "65136fda", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=joses-brother", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajoses-brother", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:judas-brother", "type": "person", "id": "judas-brother", "label": "Judas / Jude", "normalizedLabel": "judas jude", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit kinship; exact family interpretation disputed", "summary": "Judas / Jude in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 6:3; Matthew 13:55" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Nazareth household", "roles": [ "brother or close male kin of Yeshua" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Judas / Jude in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "1b8d55e4", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=judas-brother", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajudas-brother", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:simon-brother", "type": "person", "id": "simon-brother", "label": "Simon brother of Yeshua", "normalizedLabel": "simon brother of yeshua", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit kinship; exact family interpretation disputed", "summary": "Simon brother of Yeshua in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 6:3; Matthew 13:55" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Nazareth household", "roles": [ "brother or close male kin of Yeshua" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Simon brother of Yeshua in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "979e41b1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=simon-brother", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asimon-brother", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zebedee", "type": "person", "id": "zebedee", "label": "Zebedee", "normalizedLabel": "zebedee", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Zebedee in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 1:19–20; 15:40; Matthew 27:56" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Zebedee", "roles": [ "father of James and John" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zebedee in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "838e65ad", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zebedee", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azebedee", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:salome-zebedee", "type": "person", "id": "salome-zebedee", "label": "Salome", "normalizedLabel": "salome", "aliases": [], "status": "traditional identification", "summary": "Salome in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 1:19–20; 15:40; Matthew 27:56" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Zebedee", "roles": [ "possible mother of James and John" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Salome in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "17ed699e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=salome-zebedee", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asalome-zebedee", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:james-zebedee", "type": "person", "id": "james-zebedee", "label": "James son of Zebedee", "normalizedLabel": "james son of zebedee", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "James son of Zebedee in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 1:19–20; 15:40; Matthew 27:56" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "James" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:james-brother", "person:james-alphaeus" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Zebedee", "roles": [ "apostle" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "James son of Zebedee in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "6c4c3d68", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=james-zebedee", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajames-zebedee", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:john-zebedee", "type": "person", "id": "john-zebedee", "label": "John son of Zebedee", "normalizedLabel": "john son of zebedee", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "John son of Zebedee in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 1:19–20; 15:40; Matthew 27:56" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Zebedee", "roles": [ "apostle" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "John son of Zebedee in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "6af089d6", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=john-zebedee", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajohn-zebedee", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:alphaeus", "type": "person", "id": "alphaeus", "label": "Alphaeus", "normalizedLabel": "alphaeus", "aliases": [], "status": "possible name collision", "summary": "Alphaeus in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 2:14; 3:18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Galilean household", "roles": [ "father associated with Levi and James" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Alphaeus in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f37f6645", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=alphaeus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aalphaeus", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:james-alphaeus", "type": "person", "id": "james-alphaeus", "label": "James son of Alphaeus", "normalizedLabel": "james son of alphaeus", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "James son of Alphaeus in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 3:18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "James" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:james-brother", "person:james-zebedee" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Alphaeus", "roles": [ "apostle" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "James son of Alphaeus in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "9d1f1f99", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=james-alphaeus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ajames-alphaeus", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:levi-alphaeus", "type": "person", "id": "levi-alphaeus", "label": "Levi son of Alphaeus", "normalizedLabel": "levi son of alphaeus", "aliases": [], "status": "possible identification with Matthew", "summary": "Levi son of Alphaeus in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 2:14" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "House of Alphaeus", "roles": [ "tax collector called by Yeshua" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Levi son of Alphaeus in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "b49022b8", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=levi-alphaeus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Alevi-alphaeus", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:martha", "type": "person", "id": "martha", "label": "Martha", "normalizedLabel": "martha", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Martha in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "John 11–12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Bethany household", "roles": [ "sibling in the Bethany household" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Martha in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "87491be7", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=martha", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amartha", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mary-bethany", "type": "person", "id": "mary-bethany", "label": "Mary of Bethany", "normalizedLabel": "mary of bethany", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Mary of Bethany in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "John 11–12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Mary" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:mary" ], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Bethany household", "roles": [ "sibling in the Bethany household" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mary of Bethany in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "798f400c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mary-bethany", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amary-bethany", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:lazarus", "type": "person", "id": "lazarus", "label": "Lazarus of Bethany", "normalizedLabel": "lazarus of bethany", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Lazarus of Bethany in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "John 11–12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Bethany household", "roles": [ "sibling in the Bethany household" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Lazarus of Bethany in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7e1d1761", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=lazarus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Alazarus", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:lois", "type": "person", "id": "lois", "label": "Lois", "normalizedLabel": "lois", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Lois in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Timothy 1:5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Timothy’s household", "roles": [ "grandmother of Timothy" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Lois in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "7a245d6b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=lois", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Alois", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:eunice", "type": "person", "id": "eunice", "label": "Eunice", "normalizedLabel": "eunice", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Eunice in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 16:1; 2 Timothy 1:5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Timothy’s household", "roles": [ "mother of Timothy" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Eunice in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "dea440a7", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=eunice", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aeunice", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:timothy", "type": "person", "id": "timothy", "label": "Timothy", "normalizedLabel": "timothy", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Timothy in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 16; 2 Timothy 1:5" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Timothy’s household", "roles": [ "coworker of Paul" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Timothy in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f42678ff", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=timothy", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atimothy", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:priscilla", "type": "person", "id": "priscilla", "label": "Priscilla / Prisca", "normalizedLabel": "priscilla prisca", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Priscilla / Prisca in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 18:2,18,26", "Romans 16:3–5", "1 Corinthians 16:19", "2 Timothy 4:19" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Early Christian household", "roles": [ "New Testament household member" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Priscilla / Prisca in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "f9c4bf14", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=priscilla", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Apriscilla", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:aquila", "type": "person", "id": "aquila", "label": "Aquila", "normalizedLabel": "aquila", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Aquila in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 18:2,18,26", "Romans 16:3–5", "1 Corinthians 16:19", "2 Timothy 4:19" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Early Christian household", "roles": [ "New Testament household member" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Aquila in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "b369f571", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=aquila", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aaquila", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ananias-acts", "type": "person", "id": "ananias-acts", "label": "Ananias", "normalizedLabel": "ananias", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Ananias in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 5:1; 18:2" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Early Christian household", "roles": [ "New Testament household member" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ananias in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "c371a8b3", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ananias-acts", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aananias-acts", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:sapphira", "type": "person", "id": "sapphira", "label": "Sapphira", "normalizedLabel": "sapphira", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Sapphira in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 5:1; 18:2" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Early Christian household", "roles": [ "New Testament household member" ], "networks": [ "new-testament-households" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Sapphira in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "c79cc0a5", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=sapphira", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asapphira", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:herod-great", "type": "person", "id": "herod-great", "label": "Herod the Great", "normalizedLabel": "herod the great", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Herod the Great in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Matthew 2; Josephus, Antiquities 14–17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod", "herod-temple", "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "king of Judea and dynasty founder" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Herod the Great in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ee6a8f8b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=herod-great", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aherod-great", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "person:doris-herod", "type": "person", "id": "doris-herod", "label": "Doris", "normalizedLabel": "doris", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented; not all named in the New Testament", "summary": "Doris in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 15–17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "wife of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Doris in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "5cf4d5b5", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=doris-herod", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Adoris-herod", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mariamne-i", "type": "person", "id": "mariamne-i", "label": "Mariamne I", "normalizedLabel": "mariamne i", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented; not all named in the New Testament", "summary": "Mariamne I in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 15–17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "wife of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mariamne I in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "6b932add", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mariamne-i", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amariamne-i", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:malthace", "type": "person", "id": "malthace", "label": "Malthace", "normalizedLabel": "malthace", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented; not all named in the New Testament", "summary": "Malthace in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 15–17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "wife of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Malthace in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e3b70bc3", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=malthace", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amalthace", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:cleopatra-jerusalem", "type": "person", "id": "cleopatra-jerusalem", "label": "Cleopatra of Jerusalem", "normalizedLabel": "cleopatra of jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented; not all named in the New Testament", "summary": "Cleopatra of Jerusalem in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 15–17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "wife of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Cleopatra of Jerusalem in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "675ae792", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=cleopatra-jerusalem", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Acleopatra-jerusalem", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:antipater-herod", "type": "person", "id": "antipater-herod", "label": "Antipater", "normalizedLabel": "antipater", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Antipater in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:22; Luke 3:1; Josephus, Antiquities 17–18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Antipater in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "d742c1be", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=antipater-herod", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aantipater-herod", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:alexander-herod", "type": "person", "id": "alexander-herod", "label": "Alexander", "normalizedLabel": "alexander", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Alexander in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:22; Luke 3:1; Josephus, Antiquities 17–18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Alexander in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "1a12e8aa", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=alexander-herod", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aalexander-herod", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:aristobulus-iv", "type": "person", "id": "aristobulus-iv", "label": "Aristobulus IV", "normalizedLabel": "aristobulus iv", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Aristobulus IV in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:22; Luke 3:1; Josephus, Antiquities 17–18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Aristobulus IV in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "ec650d22", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=aristobulus-iv", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aaristobulus-iv", "connectionCount": 9 }, { "canonicalId": "person:archelaus", "type": "person", "id": "archelaus", "label": "Herod Archelaus", "normalizedLabel": "herod archelaus", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Herod Archelaus in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:22; Luke 3:1; Josephus, Antiquities 17–18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "return-nazareth" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Herod Archelaus in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "62681772", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=archelaus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aarchelaus", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:antipas", "type": "person", "id": "antipas", "label": "Herod Antipas", "normalizedLabel": "herod antipas", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Herod Antipas in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:22; Luke 3:1; Josephus, Antiquities 17–18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist", "john-baptist-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Herod Antipas in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "999a5a8b", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=antipas", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aantipas", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "person:olympias-herod", "type": "person", "id": "olympias-herod", "label": "Olympias", "normalizedLabel": "olympias", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Olympias in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:22; Luke 3:1; Josephus, Antiquities 17–18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Olympias in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "2ffef0fc", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=olympias-herod", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aolympias-herod", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:philip-tetrarch", "type": "person", "id": "philip-tetrarch", "label": "Philip the Tetrarch", "normalizedLabel": "philip the tetrarch", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Philip the Tetrarch in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:22; Luke 3:1; Josephus, Antiquities 17–18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Philip / Herod Philip" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:herod-ii" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Philip the Tetrarch in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "2dd808a9", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=philip-tetrarch", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aphilip-tetrarch", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mariamne-ii", "type": "person", "id": "mariamne-ii", "label": "Mariamne II", "normalizedLabel": "mariamne ii", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented", "summary": "Mariamne II in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 15–17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "wife of Herod the Great" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mariamne II in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "047f92e5", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mariamne-ii", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amariamne-ii", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:herod-ii", "type": "person", "id": "herod-ii", "label": "Herod II / Philip I", "normalizedLabel": "herod ii philip i", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Herod II / Philip I in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 6:17; Josephus, Antiquities 18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Philip / Herod Philip" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:philip-tetrarch" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "son of Herod and husband of Herodias" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Herod II / Philip I in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e33e5357", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=herod-ii", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aherod-ii", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:berenice-i", "type": "person", "id": "berenice-i", "label": "Berenice I", "normalizedLabel": "berenice i", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented", "summary": "Berenice I in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 16–17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "wife of Aristobulus IV" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Berenice I in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "65719c18", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=berenice-i", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aberenice-i", "connectionCount": 7 }, { "canonicalId": "person:agrippa-i", "type": "person", "id": "agrippa-i", "label": "Herod Agrippa I", "normalizedLabel": "herod agrippa i", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Herod Agrippa I in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 12; Mark 6; Josephus, Antiquities 17–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "agrippa-i-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Aristobulus IV and Berenice I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Herod Agrippa I in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "65b4875a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=agrippa-i", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aagrippa-i", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "person:herod-chalcis", "type": "person", "id": "herod-chalcis", "label": "Herod of Chalcis", "normalizedLabel": "herod of chalcis", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Herod of Chalcis in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 12; Mark 6; Josephus, Antiquities 17–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Aristobulus IV and Berenice I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Herod of Chalcis in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "08c19776", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=herod-chalcis", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aherod-chalcis", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:aristobulus-minor", "type": "person", "id": "aristobulus-minor", "label": "Aristobulus Minor", "normalizedLabel": "aristobulus minor", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Aristobulus Minor in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 12; Mark 6; Josephus, Antiquities 17–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Aristobulus IV and Berenice I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Aristobulus Minor in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a9c28e72", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=aristobulus-minor", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aaristobulus-minor", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:herodias", "type": "person", "id": "herodias", "label": "Herodias", "normalizedLabel": "herodias", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Herodias in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 12; Mark 6; Josephus, Antiquities 17–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Aristobulus IV and Berenice I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Herodias in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "4ba37948", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=herodias", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aherodias", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mariamne-iii", "type": "person", "id": "mariamne-iii", "label": "Mariamne III", "normalizedLabel": "mariamne iii", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Mariamne III in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 12; Mark 6; Josephus, Antiquities 17–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Aristobulus IV and Berenice I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mariamne III in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a4d95096", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mariamne-iii", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amariamne-iii", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:salome-herodian", "type": "person", "id": "salome-herodian", "label": "Salome daughter of Herodias", "normalizedLabel": "salome daughter of herodias", "aliases": [], "status": "name supplied by Josephus; Gospel leaves her unnamed", "summary": "Salome daughter of Herodias in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Mark 6:22; Josephus, Antiquities 18" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "daughter of Herodias" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Salome daughter of Herodias in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "046589b7", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=salome-herodian", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asalome-herodian", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:cypros-agrippa", "type": "person", "id": "cypros-agrippa", "label": "Cypros", "normalizedLabel": "cypros", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented", "summary": "Cypros in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 18–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "wife of Agrippa I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Cypros in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "709390b3", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=cypros-agrippa", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Acypros-agrippa", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:agrippa-ii", "type": "person", "id": "agrippa-ii", "label": "Herod Agrippa II", "normalizedLabel": "herod agrippa ii", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Herod Agrippa II in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 24–26; Josephus, Antiquities 19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Agrippa I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Herod Agrippa II in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "64e9443c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=agrippa-ii", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aagrippa-ii", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:berenice-ii", "type": "person", "id": "berenice-ii", "label": "Berenice II", "normalizedLabel": "berenice ii", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Berenice II in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 24–26; Josephus, Antiquities 19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Agrippa I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Berenice II in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "4680de08", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=berenice-ii", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aberenice-ii", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:drusilla", "type": "person", "id": "drusilla", "label": "Drusilla", "normalizedLabel": "drusilla", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Drusilla in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 24–26; Josephus, Antiquities 19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Agrippa I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Drusilla in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "a563c5c5", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=drusilla", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Adrusilla", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:mariamne-iv", "type": "person", "id": "mariamne-iv", "label": "Mariamne IV", "normalizedLabel": "mariamne iv", "aliases": [], "status": "externally documented historical genealogy", "summary": "Mariamne IV in the biblical genealogical network.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Acts 24–26; Josephus, Antiquities 19–20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "", "house": "Herodian dynasty", "roles": [ "child of Agrippa I" ], "networks": [ "herodian-dynasty" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Mariamne IV in the biblical genealogical network." }, "fingerprint": "e334a706", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=mariamne-iv", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amariamne-iv", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:manasseh-joseph", "type": "person", "id": "manasseh-joseph", "label": "Manasseh son of Joseph", "normalizedLabel": "manasseh son of joseph", "aliases": [ "Manasseh" ], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Joseph and Asenath’s firstborn son and the eponymous ancestor of the tribe of Manasseh.", "dateLabel": "Not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Undated narrative setting", "Not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 41:50–52", "Genesis 50:23", "Numbers 26:28–34" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Manasseh" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:manasseh-judah" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Manasseh", "house": "House of Joseph", "roles": [ "son of Joseph", "tribal ancestor of Manasseh" ], "networks": [ "patriarchs-tribes", "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Undated narrative setting", "range": "Not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Joseph and Asenath’s firstborn son and the eponymous ancestor of the tribe of Manasseh." }, "fingerprint": "98d66d5e", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=manasseh-joseph", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amanasseh-joseph", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "person:manasseh-judah", "type": "person", "id": "manasseh-judah", "label": "Manasseh king of Judah", "normalizedLabel": "manasseh king of judah", "aliases": [ "Manasseh" ], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Son of Hezekiah, king of Judah, father of Amon, and a named ancestor in Matthew’s genealogy.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "2 Kings 20:21–21:18", "2 Chronicles 32:33–33:20", "Matthew 1:10" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "manasseh-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [ "Manasseh" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:manasseh-joseph" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Judah", "house": "House of David", "roles": [ "king of Judah", "Davidic ancestor" ], "networks": [ "judah-david-kings", "david-yeshua" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Son of Hezekiah, king of Judah, father of Amon, and a named ancestor in Matthew’s genealogy." }, "fingerprint": "2107e6ad", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=manasseh-judah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Amanasseh-judah", "connectionCount": 11 }, { "canonicalId": "person:anah-zibeon", "type": "person", "id": "anah-zibeon", "label": "Anah son of Zibeon", "normalizedLabel": "anah son of zibeon", "aliases": [ "Anah" ], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Son of Zibeon and father of Oholibamah and Dishon in the Horite genealogy.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:2,14,24–25" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Anah" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:anah-seir" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor", "father of Oholibamah" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Son of Zibeon and father of Oholibamah and Dishon in the Horite genealogy." }, "fingerprint": "9c4e93f8", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=anah-zibeon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aanah-zibeon", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:dishon-anah", "type": "person", "id": "dishon-anah", "label": "Dishon son of Anah", "normalizedLabel": "dishon son of anah", "aliases": [ "Dishon" ], "status": "genealogical/eponymous ancestor", "summary": "Son of Anah son of Zibeon.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "Genesis 36:25" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Dishon" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:dishon-seir" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "", "house": "Seir", "roles": [ "Horite clan ancestor" ], "networks": [ "edom-seir" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Son of Anah son of Zibeon." }, "fingerprint": "e85e6b63", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=dishon-anah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Adishon-anah", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ner-abner", "type": "person", "id": "ner-abner", "label": "Ner father of Abner", "normalizedLabel": "ner father of abner", "aliases": [ "Ner" ], "status": "textually explicit in the Samuel tradition", "summary": "Son of Abiel, brother of Kish, and father of Abner in the Samuel genealogy.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:50–51" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Ner" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:ner-chronicles" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "brother of Kish", "father of Abner" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Son of Abiel, brother of Kish, and father of Abner in the Samuel genealogy." }, "fingerprint": "31019a9a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ner-abner", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aner-abner", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ner-chronicles", "type": "person", "id": "ner-chronicles", "label": "Ner father of Kish", "normalizedLabel": "ner father of kish", "aliases": [ "Ner" ], "status": "textually explicit in the Chronicles tradition", "summary": "The Ner who fathers Kish in the Chronicler’s Gibeonite genealogy.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 8:29–33; 9:35–39" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Ner" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:ner-abner" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "Benjaminite ancestor in Chronicles" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "The Ner who fathers Kish in the Chronicler’s Gibeonite genealogy." }, "fingerprint": "e0b692db", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ner-chronicles", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aner-chronicles", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:abner", "type": "person", "id": "abner", "label": "Abner son of Ner", "normalizedLabel": "abner son of ner", "aliases": [], "status": "textually explicit", "summary": "Son of Ner and commander of Saul’s army.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:50–51", "2 Samuel 2–3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "commander of Saul’s army" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Son of Ner and commander of Saul’s army." }, "fingerprint": "285ebdf9", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=abner", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aabner", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:bered-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "bered-ephraim", "label": "Bered", "normalizedLabel": "bered", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Bered in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Bered in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "da4d0c51", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=bered-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Abered-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:tahath-ephraim-1", "type": "person", "id": "tahath-ephraim-1", "label": "Tahath (first)", "normalizedLabel": "tahath first", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Tahath (first) in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Tahath (first) in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "2f8c626d", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=tahath-ephraim-1", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atahath-ephraim-1", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:eleadah-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "eleadah-ephraim", "label": "Eleadah", "normalizedLabel": "eleadah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Eleadah in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Eleadah in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "b71181f1", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=eleadah-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aeleadah-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:tahath-ephraim-2", "type": "person", "id": "tahath-ephraim-2", "label": "Tahath (second)", "normalizedLabel": "tahath second", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Tahath (second) in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:20" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Tahath (second) in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "2e4018ed", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=tahath-ephraim-2", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Atahath-ephraim-2", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:zabad-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "zabad-ephraim", "label": "Zabad", "normalizedLabel": "zabad", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Zabad in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Zabad in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "e2e4f1b8", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=zabad-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Azabad-ephraim", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:shuthelah-ephraim-2", "type": "person", "id": "shuthelah-ephraim-2", "label": "Shuthelah (later descendant)", "normalizedLabel": "shuthelah later descendant", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Shuthelah (later descendant) in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Shuthelah" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:shuthelah" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Shuthelah (later descendant) in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "82c7e52a", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=shuthelah-ephraim-2", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Ashuthelah-ephraim-2", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ezer-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "ezer-ephraim", "label": "Ezer son of Ephraim", "normalizedLabel": "ezer son of ephraim", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Ezer son of Ephraim in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Ezer son of Ephraim in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "35945c41", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ezer-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aezer-ephraim", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:elead-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "elead-ephraim", "label": "Elead son of Ephraim", "normalizedLabel": "elead son of ephraim", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Elead son of Ephraim in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:21" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Elead son of Ephraim in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "89a5612c", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=elead-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aelead-ephraim", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:sheerah-ephraim", "type": "person", "id": "sheerah-ephraim", "label": "Sheerah", "normalizedLabel": "sheerah", "aliases": [], "status": "chronistic genealogy", "summary": "Sheerah in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Chronicles 7:24" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "gender": "female", "tribe": "Ephraim", "house": "House of Ephraim", "roles": [ "Ephraimite builder and ancestor" ], "networks": [ "tribal-clans-judges" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "Sheerah in the compressed Ephraimite genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7." }, "fingerprint": "a6acbc04", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=sheerah-ephraim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Asheerah-ephraim", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "person:ishvi-saul", "type": "person", "id": "ishvi-saul", "label": "Ishvi son of Saul", "normalizedLabel": "ishvi son of saul", "aliases": [ "Ishui" ], "status": "textually explicit; possible identity with Abinadab", "summary": "A son of Saul named in 1 Samuel 14:49.", "dateLabel": "Exact date not recoverable", "periodHints": [ "Narrative or historical setting", "Exact date not recoverable" ], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [ "Ishvi / Abinadab" ], "distinctFrom": [ "person:abinadab-saul" ], "metadata": { "gender": "male", "tribe": "Benjamin", "house": "House of Saul", "roles": [ "son of Saul" ], "networks": [ "benjamin-saul" ], "chronology": { "coordinate": "Narrative or historical setting", "range": "Exact date not recoverable", "status": "textual placement" }, "summary": "A son of Saul named in 1 Samuel 14:49." }, "fingerprint": "a57b7e96", "nativeUrl": "biblical-genealogy-explorer.html?person=ishvi-saul", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=person%3Aishvi-saul", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "event:primeval-history", "type": "event", "id": "primeval-history", "label": "Genesis 1–11: Primeval History", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 1 11 primeval history", "aliases": [], "status": "theological-text", "summary": "Creation, humanity’s rebellion, the Flood, and Babel establish the theological background of the biblical story.", "dateLabel": "Before c. 1800 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Patriarchal Age", "primeval-undated", "Before c. 1800 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1900, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Genesis 1–11", "world": "No precise historical synchronization is assigned in this reconstruction." }, "fingerprint": "a7d36e12", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-primeval-history", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aprimeval-history", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:terru-terah", "type": "event", "id": "terru-terah", "label": "Terru of Urkesh and Terah", "normalizedLabel": "terru of urkesh and terah", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "This project provisionally identifies Terru of Urkesh with Terah, Abraham’s father.", "dateLabel": "c. 1800–1750 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Patriarchal Age", "middle-bronze", "c. 1800–1750 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1775, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Genesis 11:26–32", "world": "Mari, Urkesh, Babylon, Larsa, Elam, and other kingdoms compete across Mesopotamia and Syria." }, "fingerprint": "3ca1e077", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-terru-terah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aterru-terah", "connectionCount": 41 }, { "canonicalId": "event:abraham-call", "type": "event", "id": "abraham-call", "label": "Abraham’s Call and Migration", "normalizedLabel": "abraham s call and migration", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "God calls Abraham from the Mesopotamian world toward Canaan and promises land, descendants, and blessing to the nations.", "dateLabel": "c. 1780–1760 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Patriarchal Age", "middle-bronze", "c. 1780–1760 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1770, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 3, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Genesis 12:1–9", "world": "Long-distance trade and diplomacy connect Mesopotamia, northern Syria, Harran, and Canaan." }, "fingerprint": "618d52ae", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-abraham-call", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aabraham-call", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:mari-zimrilim", "type": "event", "id": "mari-zimrilim", "label": "Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive", "normalizedLabel": "mari zimri lim and the old babylonian archive", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The Mari archive reveals the political, linguistic, legal, and pastoral world in which the project places Abraham and Terru.", "dateLabel": "c. 1775–1761 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Patriarchs and Mesopotamia", "middle-bronze", "c. 1775–1761 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1768, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 4, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Genesis 11–14 provides the biblical comparison; Mari does not name Abraham.", "world": "Zimri-Lim rules Mari while Hammurabi, Larsa, Eshnunna, Qatna, Aleppo, and mobile tribal groups compete across Syria and Mesopotamia." }, "fingerprint": "7b417723", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-mari-zimrilim", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amari-zimrilim", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:amraphel-hammurabi", "type": "event", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi", "label": "Genesis 14 and Hammurabi", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 14 and hammurabi", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "This project provisionally identifies Amraphel king of Shinar with Hammurabi of Babylon.", "dateLabel": "c. 1760 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Patriarchal Age", "middle-bronze", "c. 1760 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1760, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 5, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Genesis 14", "world": "Hammurabi rules Babylon during an age of shifting coalitions, vassalage, rebellion, and interstate war." }, "fingerprint": "2559ac6f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-amraphel-hammurabi", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aamraphel-hammurabi", "connectionCount": 34 }, { "canonicalId": "event:isaac-jacob", "type": "event", "id": "isaac-jacob", "label": "Isaac, Jacob, and the Twelve Sons", "normalizedLabel": "isaac jacob and the twelve sons", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "The covenant family expands from Abraham to Isaac, Jacob—renamed Israel—and the ancestors of the tribes.", "dateLabel": "c. 1750–1650 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Patriarchal Age", "second-intermediate", "c. 1750–1650 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1690, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 6, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Genesis 21–36", "world": "The political order created by Hammurabi weakens while West Semitic populations remain widespread across Syria and Mesopotamia." }, "fingerprint": "b2adba22", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-isaac-jacob", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aisaac-jacob", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:joseph-hyksos", "type": "event", "id": "joseph-hyksos", "label": "Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh", "normalizedLabel": "joseph serves a hyksos pharaoh", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Joseph rises from slavery and imprisonment to become the chief administrator under a Hyksos ruler.", "dateLabel": "c. 1630–1600 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "second-intermediate", "c. 1630–1600 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1615, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 7, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Genesis 37–50", "world": "Avaris is a royal center in a Delta region containing substantial western Asiatic populations." }, "fingerprint": "d7a6de9b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-joseph-hyksos", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajoseph-hyksos", "connectionCount": 30 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jacob-egypt", "type": "event", "id": "jacob-egypt", "label": "Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt", "normalizedLabel": "jacob s household enters egypt", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "Jacob’s extended household relocates to Egypt during Joseph’s ascendancy, creating the narrative bridge from the patriarchs to Israel’s Egyptian residence.", "dateLabel": "c. 1625–1600 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "second-intermediate", "c. 1625–1600 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1610, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 7.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Genesis 45–47; Exodus 1:1–7", "world": "The adopted model places Joseph within the later Hyksos period at Avaris, when a West Asian population and court centered in the eastern Delta." }, "fingerprint": "58bd0800", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jacob-egypt", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajacob-egypt", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:hyksos-egypt", "type": "event", "id": "hyksos-egypt", "label": "Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt", "normalizedLabel": "hyksos rule in northern egypt", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A dynasty of western Asiatic origin rules northern Egypt from Avaris in the eastern Nile Delta.", "dateLabel": "c. 1650–1550 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "second-intermediate", "c. 1650–1550 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1600, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 8, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Historical setting proposed for Genesis 39–50", "world": "Egypt is divided; the Hyksos dominate the north while native dynasties survive in the south." }, "fingerprint": "00c4461e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-hyksos-egypt", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahyksos-egypt", "connectionCount": 29 }, { "canonicalId": "event:hittite-sack-babylon", "type": "event", "id": "hittite-sack-babylon", "label": "Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty", "normalizedLabel": "hittite sack of babylon and the end of the old babylonian dynasty", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The fall of Old Babylonian Babylon closes the world of Hammurabi and illustrates the political instability surrounding the later patriarchal period.", "dateLabel": "c. 1595 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Joseph and Hyksos Egypt", "second-intermediate", "c. 1595 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1595, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 9, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "No biblical text directly describes the Hittite sack of Babylon.", "world": "A Hittite army raids Babylon; Kassite rule later dominates southern Mesopotamia while Hyksos and Theban powers struggle in Egypt." }, "fingerprint": "ff36683e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-hittite-sack-babylon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahittite-sack-babylon", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:hyksos-expulsion", "type": "event", "id": "hyksos-expulsion", "label": "Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude", "normalizedLabel": "ahmose i captures avaris proposed beginning of servitude", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "Ahmose I’s conquest of Avaris ended Hyksos rule. This project proposes that the subjugation of remaining eastern-Delta Asiatic communities began within this dynastic reversal and later developed into Israelite servitude.", "dateLabel": "c. 1530 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "second-intermediate", "c. 1530 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1530, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 10, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Proposed long-term background for Exodus 1:8–14", "world": "The new Eighteenth Dynasty dismantles Hyksos power and begins transforming Egypt into an expansionist New Kingdom state." }, "fingerprint": "268a93c5", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-hyksos-expulsion", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahyksos-expulsion", "connectionCount": 30 }, { "canonicalId": "event:thutmose-megiddo", "type": "event", "id": "thutmose-megiddo", "label": "Thutmose III at Megiddo", "normalizedLabel": "thutmose iii at megiddo", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Egypt’s victory at Megiddo helps explain why fifteenth-century Canaan was an Egyptian imperial zone rather than an independent political vacuum.", "dateLabel": "c. 1457 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1457 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1457, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 11, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "The battle is not narrated in the Bible; it matters to early-Exodus conquest proposals.", "world": "Thutmose III defeats a Canaanite coalition and strengthens Egyptian control over the Levant." }, "fingerprint": "f90c6556", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-thutmose-megiddo", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Athutmose-megiddo", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:egyptian-empire", "type": "event", "id": "egyptian-empire", "label": "Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan", "normalizedLabel": "egypt builds an empire in canaan", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Egypt’s eastern Delta becomes the gateway to campaigns, tribute, diplomacy, and military logistics in Asia.", "dateLabel": "c. 1550–1350 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1550–1350 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1450, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 12, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 1:7–10 as later interpreted within this setting", "world": "Pharaohs including Thutmose III extend Egyptian power deep into Canaan and Syria." }, "fingerprint": "95484c97", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-egyptian-empire", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aegyptian-empire", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:amarna-crisis", "type": "event", "id": "amarna-crisis", "label": "Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis", "normalizedLabel": "akhenaten and the amarna crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Akhenaten’s religious and administrative revolution destabilizes the Egyptian court and its traditional institutions.", "dateLabel": "c. 1353–1336 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1353–1336 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1345, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 13, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Historical background only", "world": "Canaanite vassals correspond with Egypt while Hittite power expands in Syria." }, "fingerprint": "25f6ed90", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-amarna-crisis", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aamarna-crisis", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:amarna-letters", "type": "event", "id": "amarna-letters", "label": "The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics", "normalizedLabel": "the amarna letters and canaanite vassal politics", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Amarna correspondence exposes the fragmented city-state system of Canaan under Egyptian overlordship shortly before the project’s oppression chronology.", "dateLabel": "c. 1350–1330 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1350–1330 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1340, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 14, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Possible comparisons include Habiru language and the political world behind later conquest traditions, but no letter identifies biblical Israel.", "world": "Canaanite rulers write in Canaano-Akkadian to the Egyptian court about rivalries, rebellion, tribute, fugitives, and requests for troops." }, "fingerprint": "5cc806a4", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-amarna-letters", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aamarna-letters", "connectionCount": 22 }, { "canonicalId": "event:moses-born", "type": "event", "id": "moses-born", "label": "Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses", "normalizedLabel": "decree against hebrew male infants and birth of moses", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places the decree against newborn Hebrew boys and Moses’s birth in the aftermath of the Daḫamunzu–Zannanza crisis, probably during Ay’s brief reign.", "dateLabel": "c. 1322–1320 BCE · project placement", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1322–1320 BCE · project placement" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1321, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 17, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 1:15–2:10", "world": "Egypt’s succession crisis and renewed conflict with Hatti create a possible security rationale for suspicion toward Asiatic labor communities." }, "fingerprint": "de519571", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-moses-born", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amoses-born", "connectionCount": 34 }, { "canonicalId": "event:tutankhamun-death", "type": "event", "id": "tutankhamun-death", "label": "Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir", "normalizedLabel": "tutankhamun dies without an heir", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The young pharaoh’s death creates a dangerous succession crisis.", "dateLabel": "c. 1323 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1323 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1323, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 15, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Historical background proposed for Exodus 1:10", "world": "Egypt faces internal uncertainty while the Hittite Empire dominates much of Syria." }, "fingerprint": "07a3bb1f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-tutankhamun-death", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Atutankhamun-death", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:zannanza-affair", "type": "event", "id": "zannanza-affair", "label": "The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis", "normalizedLabel": "the dahamunzu zannanza crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "A widowed Egyptian queen requests a Hittite prince as husband. Zannanza dies on the journey, helping turn a succession crisis into renewed Egyptian–Hittite hostility.", "dateLabel": "c. 1323–1322 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1323–1322 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1322, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 16, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Proposed political setting for the war fear of Exodus 1:10", "world": "Egypt faces a disputed succession while Hatti dominates much of Syria and threatens intervention in Egyptian affairs." }, "fingerprint": "307fdb9b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-zannanza-affair", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Azannanza-affair", "connectionCount": 31 }, { "canonicalId": "event:horemheb-oppression", "type": "event", "id": "horemheb-oppression", "label": "Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight", "normalizedLabel": "horemheb s restoration and moses s flight", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places Moses’s adulthood, killing of the Egyptian overseer, and flight to Midian during Horemheb’s restoration regime.", "dateLabel": "c. 1319–1292 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1319–1292 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1305, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 18, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 2:11–25; Exodus 4:19", "world": "Horemheb restores traditional institutions, reorganizes administration, and issues measures against official abuse after the Amarna succession crisis." }, "fingerprint": "89d379f0", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-horemheb-oppression", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahoremheb-oppression", "connectionCount": 34 }, { "canonicalId": "event:seti-campaigns", "type": "event", "id": "seti-campaigns", "label": "Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria", "normalizedLabel": "seti i campaigns in canaan and syria", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Seti I attempts to restore Egyptian control and temporarily recaptures Kadesh.", "dateLabel": "1294–1279 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "1294–1279 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1286, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 19, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Background for the militarization of the eastern Delta", "world": "Egypt and the Hittite Empire compete for control of Canaan and Syria." }, "fingerprint": "6269367e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-seti-campaigns", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aseti-campaigns", "connectionCount": 15 }, { "canonicalId": "event:moses-midian", "type": "event", "id": "moses-midian", "label": "Moses Flees to Midian", "normalizedLabel": "moses flees to midian", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "After killing an Egyptian, Moses escapes Egypt, joins Jethro’s household, and remains in Midian until the deaths of the men seeking his life.", "dateLabel": "c. 1300–1255 BCE · duration uncertain", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1300–1255 BCE · duration uncertain" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1300, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 18.5, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 2:11–25; 4:19; Acts 7:23–30", "world": "The project places the flight late in Horemheb’s reign and treats the length of Moses’s Midian residence as uncertain rather than a fixed forty years." }, "fingerprint": "09834c56", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-moses-midian", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amoses-midian", "connectionCount": 24 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ramesses-reign", "type": "event", "id": "ramesses-reign", "label": "Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase", "normalizedLabel": "ramesses ii pi ramesses and the final labor phase", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Ramesses II develops Pi-Ramesses into a royal, military, industrial, and storage center. The project places the final phase of Israelite compulsory labor in this Ramesside construction economy.", "dateLabel": "1279–1213 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "1279–1213 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1279, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 20, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 1:11; 5:1–21; 12:37", "world": "Pi-Ramesses supports royal administration, chariot forces, workshops, supply storage, and campaigns into Asia." }, "fingerprint": "44b10372", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ramesses-reign", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aramesses-reign", "connectionCount": 29 }, { "canonicalId": "event:kadesh", "type": "event", "id": "kadesh", "label": "Battle of Kadesh", "normalizedLabel": "battle of kadesh", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ramesses II confronts the Hittite Empire at Kadesh. The battle demonstrates the continuing threat environment but is not treated as the original trigger for the infant decree.", "dateLabel": "1274 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "1274 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1274, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 21, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Later culmination of the Egyptian–Hittite conflict environment proposed behind Exodus 1:10", "world": "Egypt avoids disaster but fails to secure lasting control of Kadesh." }, "fingerprint": "e4305d8f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-kadesh", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Akadesh", "connectionCount": 28 }, { "canonicalId": "event:egypt-hatti-treaty", "type": "event", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty", "label": "Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty", "normalizedLabel": "egyptian hittite peace treaty", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The peace treaty following decades of conflict clarifies the geopolitical environment in which the project places the Exodus.", "dateLabel": "c. 1259 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1259 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1259, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 22, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "No biblical text mentions the treaty.", "world": "Ramesses II and Hattusili III formalize peace, mutual defense, extradition, and dynastic relations." }, "fingerprint": "0fefe8db", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:burning-bush", "type": "event", "id": "burning-bush", "label": "The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt", "normalizedLabel": "the burning bush and moses s return to egypt", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "God calls Moses at the burning bush and sends him back to Egypt shortly before the project’s adopted 1254 BCE Exodus coordinate.", "dateLabel": "c. 1255–1254 BCE · project placement", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1255–1254 BCE · project placement" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "arce-ramessides", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1255, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 22.6, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 3–4", "world": "The model places Moses’s return near Ramesses II’s twenty-fifth regnal year and the royal succession change involving Amun-her-khepeshef." }, "fingerprint": "aeeba480", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-burning-bush", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aburning-bush", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:plagues-passover", "type": "event", "id": "plagues-passover", "label": "Death of Amun-her-khepeshef and the First Passover", "normalizedLabel": "death of amun her khepeshef and the first passover", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project identifies the disappearance and probable death of Ramesses II’s firstborn crown prince Amun-her-khepeshef around regnal Year 25 with the death of Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12, and places the first Passover in the same year.", "dateLabel": "c. 1254 BCE · adopted project coordinate", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1254 BCE · adopted project coordinate" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1254, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 22.7, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 5–12", "world": "Ramesses II remains on the throne; the royal succession shifts from Amun-her-khepeshef to Prince Ramesses while Pi-Ramesses remains Egypt’s Delta capital." }, "fingerprint": "125a55b7", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-plagues-passover", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aplagues-passover", "connectionCount": 38 }, { "canonicalId": "event:exodus", "type": "event", "id": "exodus", "label": "The Exodus under Ramesses II", "normalizedLabel": "the exodus under ramesses ii", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places Israel’s departure in approximately 1254 BCE, immediately after the death of Amun-her-khepeshef in the adopted firstborn-prince synchronism.", "dateLabel": "c. 1254 BCE · adopted project coordinate", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1254 BCE · adopted project coordinate" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1254, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 23, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 3–15", "world": "Ramesses II survives and continues reigning; the narrative does not explicitly require Pharaoh himself to die at the sea." }, "fingerprint": "ce4e4b06", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-exodus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aexodus", "connectionCount": 40 }, { "canonicalId": "event:sea-crossing", "type": "event", "id": "sea-crossing", "label": "Departure from Egypt and the Sea Crossing", "normalizedLabel": "departure from egypt and the sea crossing", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Israel departs Egypt, is pursued by Pharaoh’s forces, crosses the body of water called Yam Suph, and celebrates deliverance.", "dateLabel": "c. 1254 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1254 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "bas-dating-exodus", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1254, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 23.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 12:31–15:21", "world": "The active model places the departure and sea crossing immediately after the first Passover in the adopted 1254 BCE coordinate, without requiring Ramesses II himself to drown." }, "fingerprint": "48e7f795", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-sea-crossing", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asea-crossing", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:sinai-wilderness", "type": "event", "id": "sinai-wilderness", "label": "Sinai Covenant and Wilderness", "normalizedLabel": "sinai covenant and wilderness", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Israel receives the Torah, tabernacle, priesthood, and covenant identity during the wilderness period. The project retains a forty-year interval for the adopted sequence while treating biblical age totals as non-controlling for Moses’s earlier life.", "dateLabel": "c. 1254–1214 BCE · project interval", "periodHints": [ "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "late-bronze", "c. 1254–1214 BCE · project interval" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1234, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 24, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Exodus 19–40; Leviticus; Numbers; Deuteronomy", "world": "The interval runs from the late reign of Ramesses II toward the beginning of the eastern Mediterranean system’s collapse." }, "fingerprint": "026290b9", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-sinai-wilderness", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asinai-wilderness", "connectionCount": 22 }, { "canonicalId": "event:moses-death-jordan", "type": "event", "id": "moses-death-jordan", "label": "Death of Moses and Crossing of the Jordan", "normalizedLabel": "death of moses and crossing of the jordan", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "Moses dies east of the Jordan, Joshua assumes leadership, and Israel crosses into Canaan.", "dateLabel": "c. 1214 BCE · project coordinate", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "late-bronze", "c. 1214 BCE · project coordinate" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1214, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 24.4, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Deuteronomy 31–34; Joshua 1–4", "world": "Within the adopted reconstruction this ends the forty-year interval from 1254 BCE and begins the settlement sequence shortly before the Merneptah reference to Israel." }, "fingerprint": "a8fff049", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-moses-death-jordan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amoses-death-jordan", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jericho-campaign", "type": "event", "id": "jericho-campaign", "label": "Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign", "normalizedLabel": "jericho and joshua s central campaign", "aliases": [], "status": "broad-historical-fit", "summary": "Joshua’s campaign narrative moves from Jericho and Ai to coalition conflicts in the central, southern, and northern highlands.", "dateLabel": "c. 1214–1208 BCE · project horizon", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "late-bronze", "c. 1214–1208 BCE · project horizon" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "cline-hazor", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1211, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 24.5, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Joshua 5–12", "world": "The adopted late chronology places the campaign and settlement process between the end of the wilderness interval and Merneptah’s reference to Israel in Canaan." }, "fingerprint": "d104a880", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jericho-campaign", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajericho-campaign", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:israel-canaan", "type": "event", "id": "israel-canaan", "label": "Israel Becomes Established in Canaan", "normalizedLabel": "israel becomes established in canaan", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Israelite settlement and ethnogenesis develop in Canaan before the Merneptah Stela names Israel around 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "c. 1214–1208 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "late-bronze", "c. 1214–1208 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1211, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 25, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Joshua; Judges 1", "world": "Egyptian power in Canaan weakens as the eastern Mediterranean approaches the Bronze Age collapse." }, "fingerprint": "8e99710c", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-israel-canaan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aisrael-canaan", "connectionCount": 26 }, { "canonicalId": "event:merneptah", "type": "event", "id": "merneptah", "label": "Merneptah Stela Names Israel", "normalizedLabel": "merneptah stela names israel", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "An Egyptian royal inscription identifies Israel as a people already present in Canaan.", "dateLabel": "c. 1208 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "late-bronze", "c. 1208 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1208, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 26, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Historical anchor following Joshua and before the monarchy", "world": "Merneptah campaigns in Canaan during the weakening of the Late Bronze Age order." }, "fingerprint": "71fd64e2", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-merneptah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amerneptah", "connectionCount": 22 }, { "canonicalId": "event:shechem-joshua-death", "type": "event", "id": "shechem-joshua-death", "label": "Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua", "normalizedLabel": "covenant renewal at shechem and the death of joshua", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "Joshua gathers Israel at Shechem for covenant renewal, after which his death and the passing of his generation introduce the Judges era.", "dateLabel": "c. 1205–1195 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "c. 1205–1195 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1200, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 26.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Joshua 23–24; Judges 2:6–10", "world": "The broad placement follows the initial settlement and permits overlap with the earliest regional crises narrated in Judges." }, "fingerprint": "6d773ff5", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-shechem-joshua-death", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ashechem-joshua-death", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:bronze-age-collapse", "type": "event", "id": "bronze-age-collapse", "label": "The Late Bronze Age Collapse", "normalizedLabel": "the late bronze age collapse", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Palatial systems collapse across the eastern Mediterranean as Israel, Philistines, and new Iron Age polities emerge.", "dateLabel": "c. 1200–1150 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "c. 1200–1150 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1180, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 27, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges depicts decentralized conflict and social fragmentation; it is not a direct chronicle of the entire regional collapse.", "world": "Hittite imperial authority disappears, Ugarit is destroyed, trade contracts, and Egyptian power in Canaan weakens." }, "fingerprint": "6eee1cc6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-bronze-age-collapse", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Abronze-age-collapse", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:sea-peoples-crisis", "type": "event", "id": "sea-peoples-crisis", "label": "Sea Peoples Movements and Egypt’s Defensive Wars", "normalizedLabel": "sea peoples movements and egypt s defensive wars", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Egyptian and Ugaritic records document several maritime and overland coalitions during the eastern Mediterranean crisis. “Sea Peoples” is a modern umbrella term, not the name of one unified nation or a sufficient explanation for the entire collapse.", "dateLabel": "c. 1208–1177 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late Bronze Age Collapse", "origins-exodus-settlement", "iron-i", "c. 1208–1177 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "ugarit-enemy-ships", "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1177, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 27.5, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "No biblical passage clearly narrates these Egyptian campaigns. Later Philistine traditions provide regional comparison, not a direct identification of every named Sea People.", "world": "Merneptah repels a Libyan coalition containing maritime groups around 1208 BCE; Ramesses III records land and naval battles in Year 8, conventionally around 1177 BCE, while Ugaritic correspondence reports enemy ships and regional insecurity." }, "fingerprint": "d7f5ae32", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-sea-peoples-crisis", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asea-peoples-crisis", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:philistine-settlement", "type": "event", "id": "philistine-settlement", "label": "Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain", "normalizedLabel": "philistine settlement in the southern coastal plain", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Philistine cities become a major political and military force in the setting of Judges and Samuel.", "dateLabel": "c. 1175–1100 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "c. 1175–1100 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1150, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 28, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 13–16; 1 Samuel 4–31.", "world": "Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza develop distinctive material culture within a rapidly changing Levant." }, "fingerprint": "33115208", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-philistine-settlement", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aphilistine-settlement", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judges", "type": "event", "id": "judges", "label": "Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles", "normalizedLabel": "judges era regional deliverers and overlapping cycles", "aliases": [], "status": "broad-historical-fit", "summary": "Israel remains a decentralized tribal society in which local oppressions, deliverers, periods of rest, and internal crises overlap before the monarchy.", "dateLabel": "c. 1200–1050 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "c. 1200–1050 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1125, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 2–21; Ruth", "world": "The Hittite Empire disappears, Philistine culture emerges on the coast, and regional trade networks contract." }, "fingerprint": "dd551ece", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judges", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudges", "connectionCount": 38 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judges-dan-migration", "type": "event", "id": "judges-dan-migration", "label": "Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration", "normalizedLabel": "micah s shrine and the danite migration", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "The Danite migration and shrine narrative belongs to the unsettled early tribal period, though Judges places it in a literary appendix.", "dateLabel": "Early Judges era · after c. 1210 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Early Judges era · after c. 1210 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1192, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.01, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 17–18", "world": "New highland and frontier settlements form while older Canaanite and coastal political structures weaken." }, "fingerprint": "cd7bfc04", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judges-dan-migration", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudges-dan-migration", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judges-benjamin-war", "type": "event", "id": "judges-benjamin-war", "label": "Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War", "normalizedLabel": "gibeah crisis and the benjaminite civil war", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "The Gibeah atrocity and intertribal war expose the institutional weakness of the pre-monarchic confederation.", "dateLabel": "Early Judges era · literary appendix", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Early Judges era · literary appendix" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1188, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.02, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 19–21", "world": "Local tribal coalitions operate without a durable central state during the Iron I transition." }, "fingerprint": "be2bd2bf", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judges-benjamin-war", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudges-benjamin-war", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-othniel", "type": "event", "id": "judge-othniel", "label": "Othniel and the Southern Deliverance", "normalizedLabel": "othniel and the southern deliverance", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Othniel represents the first major deliverer cycle after the introductory settlement narratives.", "dateLabel": "Early Judges era · broad working placement", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Early Judges era · broad working placement" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1178, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.03, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 3:7–11", "world": "Southern highland communities face shifting local powers after Egypt’s withdrawal from Canaan." }, "fingerprint": "ff35589f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-othniel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-othniel", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-ehud", "type": "event", "id": "judge-ehud", "label": "Ehud and the Moabite Crisis", "normalizedLabel": "ehud and the moabite crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Ehud’s Benjaminite-Moabite conflict represents a regional eastern cycle that need not occupy eighty exclusive national years.", "dateLabel": "Early–middle Judges era · regional overlap", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Early–middle Judges era · regional overlap" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1158, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.04, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 3:12–30", "world": "Moabite, Ammonite, and highland groups compete for routes and territory east and west of the Jordan." }, "fingerprint": "b24620a8", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-ehud", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-ehud", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-shamgar", "type": "event", "id": "judge-shamgar", "label": "Shamgar and Local Resistance", "normalizedLabel": "shamgar and local resistance", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Shamgar appears as a brief local deliverer associated with the insecure conditions remembered around Deborah’s generation.", "dateLabel": "Middle Judges era · near Deborah’s setting", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Middle Judges era · near Deborah’s setting" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1148, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.05, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 3:31; 5:6", "world": "Road insecurity and small-scale conflict characterize parts of Canaan during the Iron I transition." }, "fingerprint": "92546363", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-shamgar", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-shamgar", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-deborah-barak", "type": "event", "id": "judge-deborah-barak", "label": "Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition", "normalizedLabel": "deborah barak and the northern coalition", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Deborah and Barak lead a northern coalition against Sisera in a cycle centered on the Jezreel and Kishon regions.", "dateLabel": "Middle Judges era · regional overlap", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Middle Judges era · regional overlap" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1138, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.06, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 4–5", "world": "Canaanite city networks and emerging highland groups continue to contest northern corridors." }, "fingerprint": "61152a98", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-deborah-barak", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-deborah-barak", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-gideon", "type": "event", "id": "judge-gideon", "label": "Gideon and the Midianite Raids", "normalizedLabel": "gideon and the midianite raids", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Gideon’s cycle depicts seasonal eastern raids, a temporary tribal coalition, and the danger of quasi-monarchical power.", "dateLabel": "Middle–late Judges era · broad working placement", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Middle–late Judges era · broad working placement" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1118, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.07, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 6–8", "world": "Pastoral and agricultural groups compete over the central highlands and Jezreel approaches." }, "fingerprint": "5d716075", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-gideon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-gideon", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-abimelech", "type": "event", "id": "judge-abimelech", "label": "Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem", "normalizedLabel": "abimelech s rule at shechem", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Abimelech’s violent three-year rule is a local kingship experiment and follows Gideon within the narrative sequence.", "dateLabel": "After Gideon · three-year local rule", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "After Gideon · three-year local rule" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1103, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.08, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 9", "world": "Shechem and nearby highland centers remain locally organized rather than integrated into a national monarchy." }, "fingerprint": "c621e214", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-abimelech", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-abimelech", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-tola-jair", "type": "event", "id": "judge-tola-jair", "label": "Tola and Jair", "normalizedLabel": "tola and jair", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Tola and Jair represent longer regional judgeships whose reported durations may overlap other local crises.", "dateLabel": "Middle–late Judges era · regional administrations", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Middle–late Judges era · regional administrations" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1092, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.09, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 10:1–5", "world": "Highland and Transjordanian communities develop local elite networks before national kingship." }, "fingerprint": "6bed3eab", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-tola-jair", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-tola-jair", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-jephthah", "type": "event", "id": "judge-jephthah", "label": "Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim", "normalizedLabel": "jephthah ammon and the three hundred years claim", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "Jephthah’s eastern conflict is placed late in the adopted Judges period. His claim of three hundred years is treated as part of an unreliable character’s diplomatic rhetoric rather than a narrator-authenticated absolute synchronism.", "dateLabel": "Late Judges era · before the monarchy", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Late Judges era · before the monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "laato-480", "abr-early-defense", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1085, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 10:6–12:7, especially 11:26", "world": "Ammonite and Israelite groups contest Transjordanian territory and inherited land claims." }, "fingerprint": "72034134", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-jephthah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-jephthah", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-samson", "type": "event", "id": "judge-samson", "label": "Samson and the Philistine Frontier", "normalizedLabel": "samson and the philistine frontier", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Samson’s twenty-year activity belongs within, not after, the forty-year Philistine oppression and overlaps the Eli–Samuel transition.", "dateLabel": "Late Judges era · overlaps Philistine oppression", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Late Judges era · overlaps Philistine oppression" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1076, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.11, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 13–16", "world": "Philistine city-states consolidate on the southern coastal plain and pressure the Shephelah and highlands." }, "fingerprint": "bc48e4c7", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-samson", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-samson", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "type": "event", "id": "judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "label": "Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon", "normalizedLabel": "ibzan elon and abdon", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "The final minor judges represent short regional terms between Jephthah’s eastern conflict and the monarchy transition.", "dateLabel": "Late Judges era · regional overlap", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "Late Judges era · regional overlap" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1070, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.12, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Judges 12:8–15", "world": "Local leadership continues while Philistine power grows and Samuel’s generation emerges." }, "fingerprint": "07e4c9bf", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajudge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ruth-judges", "type": "event", "id": "ruth-judges", "label": "Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy", "normalizedLabel": "ruth bethlehem and the davidic genealogy", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Ruth locates a family migration, return, and marriage within the Judges era and links Bethlehem’s local history to David’s ancestry.", "dateLabel": "During the Judges era · exact generation uncertain", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "During the Judges era · exact generation uncertain" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1066, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 29.13, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Ruth 1–4", "world": "Household survival, famine migration, land redemption, and kinship obligations shape life in small Iron I communities." }, "fingerprint": "c183c53b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ruth-judges", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aruth-judges", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:shiloh-samuel", "type": "event", "id": "shiloh-samuel", "label": "Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis", "normalizedLabel": "shiloh samuel and the ark crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "The Shiloh traditions connect the decentralized judges period to the rise of monarchy and the Philistine crisis.", "dateLabel": "c. 1100–1050 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "c. 1100–1050 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1075, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 30, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Samuel 1–7; Jeremiah 7:12–14.", "world": "Highland communities consolidate while Philistine power pressures the central hill country." }, "fingerprint": "4cefb29d", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-shiloh-samuel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ashiloh-samuel", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ark-captured-aphek", "type": "event", "id": "ark-captured-aphek", "label": "The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh", "normalizedLabel": "the ark captured at aphek and the fall of shiloh", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Israel’s defeat at Aphek, the capture of the Ark, and the deaths of Eli’s sons mark the collapse of the Shiloh priestly order.", "dateLabel": "c. 1075–1055 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "c. 1075–1055 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1065, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 30.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Samuel 4–7; Jeremiah 7:12–14; Psalm 78:56–64", "world": "The event belongs to the period of intensifying Philistine power before Saul and provides a historical bridge from the late Judges cycles to Samuel." }, "fingerprint": "3e4d80ee", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ark-captured-aphek", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aark-captured-aphek", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:samuel-mizpah", "type": "event", "id": "samuel-mizpah", "label": "Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal", "normalizedLabel": "samuel at mizpah and the philistine reversal", "aliases": [], "status": "broad-historical-fit", "summary": "Samuel gathers Israel at Mizpah, leads a covenantal reform, and presides over a reversal against Philistine pressure before the demand for a king.", "dateLabel": "c. 1060–1050 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "c. 1060–1050 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1055, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 30.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Samuel 7–8", "world": "This event occupies the final Judges–Samuel transition immediately before Saul’s selection in the adopted model." }, "fingerprint": "49f71b84", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-samuel-mizpah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asamuel-mizpah", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:saul", "type": "event", "id": "saul", "label": "Saul and the First Monarchy", "normalizedLabel": "saul and the first monarchy", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Israel centralizes under Saul as Philistine pressure intensifies.", "dateLabel": "c. 1050–1010 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "iron-i", "c. 1050–1010 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1030, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 31, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Samuel 8–31", "world": "Small Iron Age kingdoms compete in the power vacuum left by weakened empires." }, "fingerprint": "6c031a18", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-saul", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asaul", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:david", "type": "event", "id": "david", "label": "David Makes Jerusalem the Capital", "normalizedLabel": "david makes jerusalem the capital", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "David unites the tribes, captures Jerusalem, and receives the promise of an enduring dynasty.", "dateLabel": "c. 1010–970 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "c. 1010–970 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -990, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 32, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Samuel; 1 Chronicles 11–29", "world": "Phoenician cities expand trade while Israel develops as a regional kingdom." }, "fingerprint": "ac8f5403", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-david", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adavid", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:david-captures-jerusalem", "type": "event", "id": "david-captures-jerusalem", "label": "David Captures Jerusalem", "normalizedLabel": "david captures jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "David takes the Jebusite stronghold, makes it his capital, and creates a political center not previously controlled by either Judah or the northern tribes.", "dateLabel": "c. 1003 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-i", "c. 1003 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1003, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 32.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Samuel 5:6–10; 1 Chronicles 11:4–9", "world": "The date is derived from the conventional division of David’s reign between Hebron and Jerusalem within the project’s c. 1010–970 BCE framework." }, "fingerprint": "514f1c01", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-david-captures-jerusalem", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adavid-captures-jerusalem", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ark-davidic-covenant", "type": "event", "id": "ark-davidic-covenant", "label": "The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant", "normalizedLabel": "the ark brought to jerusalem and the davidic covenant", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "David transfers the Ark to Jerusalem and receives the dynastic promise that becomes central to later royal and messianic theology.", "dateLabel": "c. 1000 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "c. 1000 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1000, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 32.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Samuel 6–7; 1 Chronicles 13–17", "world": "The sequence follows the capture and stabilization of Jerusalem and precedes the Temple project completed under Solomon." }, "fingerprint": "9687ba46", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ark-davidic-covenant", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aark-davidic-covenant", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:solomon", "type": "event", "id": "solomon", "label": "Solomon and the First Temple", "normalizedLabel": "solomon and the first temple", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Solomon builds the Jerusalem Temple and presides over a prosperous but heavily administered kingdom.", "dateLabel": "c. 970–931 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "c. 970–931 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -950, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 33, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Kings 1–11", "world": "Trade links Egypt, Phoenicia, Arabia, and the Levant." }, "fingerprint": "16fe5451", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-solomon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asolomon", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:first-temple-dedication", "type": "event", "id": "first-temple-dedication", "label": "Construction and Dedication of the First Temple", "normalizedLabel": "construction and dedication of the first temple", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Solomon organizes labor and international supply networks to build and dedicate the Jerusalem Temple.", "dateLabel": "c. 965–960 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "c. 965–960 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-cyrus-diaspora", "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -962, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 33.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Kings 5–8; 2 Chronicles 2–7", "world": "The working placement follows the project’s c. 970 BCE accession for Solomon and treats the traditional regnal notices as approximate rather than independently fixed absolute dates." }, "fingerprint": "35656d4e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-first-temple-dedication", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afirst-temple-dedication", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:divided-kingdom", "type": "event", "id": "divided-kingdom", "label": "The Kingdom Divides", "normalizedLabel": "the kingdom divides", "aliases": [], "status": "standard-chronology", "summary": "Israel divides into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah.", "dateLabel": "c. 931 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "c. 931 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -931, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 34, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Kings 12", "world": "The Neo-Assyrian state begins the expansion that will eventually dominate the Levant." }, "fingerprint": "c8b44508", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-divided-kingdom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adivided-kingdom", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:shoshenq-campaign", "type": "event", "id": "shoshenq-campaign", "label": "Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel", "normalizedLabel": "shoshenq i campaigns in judah and israel", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The campaign of Shoshenq I is one of the earliest major external synchronisms for the divided monarchy.", "dateLabel": "c. 925 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "c. 925 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -925, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 35, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Kings 14:25–28; 2 Chronicles 12.", "world": "Egypt reasserts influence in the Levant after the division of the kingdom." }, "fingerprint": "ecbc9dfd", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-shoshenq-campaign", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ashoshenq-campaign", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:omri-samaria", "type": "event", "id": "omri-samaria", "label": "Omri Founds Samaria", "normalizedLabel": "omri founds samaria", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Omri purchases the hill of Samaria and establishes a durable northern capital that gives his dynasty and kingdom a new geopolitical center.", "dateLabel": "c. 880 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "c. 880 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -880, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 35.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Kings 16:21–28", "world": "The event belongs to the early ninth century BCE, before Ahab’s participation at Qarqar and within the rise of Assyrian attention to the Levant." }, "fingerprint": "7fcef753", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-omri-samaria", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aomri-samaria", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:elijah-carmel", "type": "event", "id": "elijah-carmel", "label": "Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation", "normalizedLabel": "elijah and the mount carmel confrontation", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Elijah challenges Ahab’s royal religious program during drought and conflict, culminating in the Mount Carmel confrontation and flight to Horeb.", "dateLabel": "c. 860–853 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "c. 860–853 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -856, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 35.7, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Kings 17–19", "world": "The event is placed broadly within Ahab’s reign before or near the 853 BCE Qarqar campaign." }, "fingerprint": "1ce0150f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-elijah-carmel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aelijah-carmel", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:qarqar", "type": "event", "id": "qarqar", "label": "Ahab at the Battle of Qarqar", "normalizedLabel": "ahab at the battle of qarqar", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ahab joins a Levantine coalition resisting Assyrian expansion.", "dateLabel": "853 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iia", "853 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -853, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 36, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Historical setting of 1 Kings 16–22", "world": "Shalmaneser III records the coalition and Ahab’s military contribution." }, "fingerprint": "e2bd0c05", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-qarqar", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aqarqar", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:elisha-aramean-wars", "type": "event", "id": "elisha-aramean-wars", "label": "Elisha and the Aramean Wars", "normalizedLabel": "elisha and the aramean wars", "aliases": [], "status": "broad-historical-fit", "summary": "Elisha’s cycle spans dynastic upheaval, famine, warfare with Aram-Damascus, and the rise of Jehu’s house.", "dateLabel": "c. 850–800 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "c. 850–800 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -825, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 36.5, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Kings 19:19–21; 2 Kings 2–13", "world": "The broad range intentionally overlaps Ahab’s successors, Jehu, and the changing balance among Israel, Damascus, Moab, and Assyria." }, "fingerprint": "acfeeedd", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-elisha-aramean-wars", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aelisha-aramean-wars", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jehu", "type": "event", "id": "jehu", "label": "Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria", "normalizedLabel": "jehu pays tribute to assyria", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The northern kingdom submits tribute to the expanding Assyrian Empire.", "dateLabel": "c. 841 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "c. 841 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -841, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 37, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 9–10", "world": "Shalmaneser III’s Black Obelisk depicts or identifies Jehu’s tribute." }, "fingerprint": "5dc09fc6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jehu", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajehu", "connectionCount": 21 }, { "canonicalId": "event:mesha-stele", "type": "event", "id": "mesha-stele", "label": "The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt", "normalizedLabel": "the mesha stele and moab s revolt", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Mesha’s inscription provides a Moabite royal account of conflict with Israel and an invaluable non-biblical perspective on the Omride world.", "dateLabel": "c. 840 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "c. 840 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -840, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 38, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 3.", "world": "King Mesha credits Chemosh with restoring Moabite territory after Israelite domination." }, "fingerprint": "d5333d23", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-mesha-stele", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amesha-stele", "connectionCount": 25 }, { "canonicalId": "event:tel-dan-stele", "type": "event", "id": "tel-dan-stele", "label": "The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David", "normalizedLabel": "the tel dan stele and the house of david", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "An Aramaic victory inscription refers to the king of Israel and the House of David, externally attesting a Davidic dynastic designation.", "dateLabel": "c. 840–800 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "c. 840–800 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -830, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 39, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Often compared with 2 Kings 8–10.", "world": "Aram-Damascus competes violently with Israel and Judah." }, "fingerprint": "5c7f09c0", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-tel-dan-stele", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Atel-dan-stele", "connectionCount": 21 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jeroboam-uzziah", "type": "event", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah", "label": "Jeroboam II, Uzziah, and Eighth-Century Prosperity", "normalizedLabel": "jeroboam ii uzziah and eighth century prosperity", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Israel and Judah experience expansion and wealth while prophets condemn exploitation, corruption, and false security.", "dateLabel": "c. 790–740 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "c. 790–740 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -760, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 40, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 14–15; Amos; Hosea; Isaiah 1–6.", "world": "Assyrian pressure temporarily recedes before the western campaigns of Tiglath-pileser III." }, "fingerprint": "776a78c7", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jeroboam-uzziah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajeroboam-uzziah", "connectionCount": 24 }, { "canonicalId": "event:tiglath-pileser", "type": "event", "id": "tiglath-pileser", "label": "Tiglath-pileser III Transforms the Levant", "normalizedLabel": "tiglath pileser iii transforms the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Assyria shifts from episodic campaigning to annexation, deportation, tribute, and provincial government.", "dateLabel": "745–727 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "745–727 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -735, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 41, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 15–16; Isaiah 7–8.", "world": "The Neo-Assyrian Empire restructures Syria-Palestine and reduces regional kingdoms to clients or provinces." }, "fingerprint": "3faa25bb", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-tiglath-pileser", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Atiglath-pileser", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:syro-ephraimite", "type": "event", "id": "syro-ephraimite", "label": "The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis", "normalizedLabel": "the syro ephraimite crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "The crisis explains the political setting of Isaiah’s Immanuel prophecy and Judah’s turn toward Assyrian protection.", "dateLabel": "734–732 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "734–732 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -733, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 42, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 16; Isaiah 7–9; 2 Chronicles 28.", "world": "Aram and Israel pressure Judah while Tiglath-pileser III advances westward." }, "fingerprint": "0e6dcba4", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-syro-ephraimite", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asyro-ephraimite", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:assyria-damascus-galilee", "type": "event", "id": "assyria-damascus-galilee", "label": "Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee", "normalizedLabel": "assyria captures damascus and galilee", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Tiglath-pileser III destroys the anti-Assyrian coalition, annexes Damascus, and removes northern Israelite territories and populations.", "dateLabel": "732 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "732 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -732, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 42.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 15:29–30; 16:9; Isaiah 7–8", "world": "The 732 BCE campaigns are the concrete imperial outcome of the Syro-Ephraimite Crisis and precede Samaria’s final fall by about a decade." }, "fingerprint": "d43ae249", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aassyria-damascus-galilee", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:samaria-falls", "type": "event", "id": "samaria-falls", "label": "Samaria Falls to Assyria", "normalizedLabel": "samaria falls to assyria", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The northern kingdom is conquered and significant populations are deported.", "dateLabel": "722/721 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "722/721 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -722, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 43, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 17", "world": "The Neo-Assyrian Empire dominates the Near East through conquest, tribute, resettlement, and provincial administration." }, "fingerprint": "02710ed8", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-samaria-falls", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asamaria-falls", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:hezekiah-tunnel", "type": "event", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel", "label": "Hezekiah’s Waterworks and the Siloam Inscriptions", "normalizedLabel": "hezekiah s waterworks and the siloam inscriptions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Jerusalem’s water systems and inscriptions illuminate preparations for Assyrian invasion and the administrative world of Hezekiah.", "dateLabel": "c. 701 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "c. 701 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -701, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 44, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 18–20; 2 Chronicles 32; Isaiah 22 and 36–39.", "world": "Judah fortifies Jerusalem and controls water access as Sennacherib campaigns in the region." }, "fingerprint": "a6f28df6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-hezekiah-tunnel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahezekiah-tunnel", "connectionCount": 26 }, { "canonicalId": "event:sennacherib", "type": "event", "id": "sennacherib", "label": "Sennacherib Invades Judah", "normalizedLabel": "sennacherib invades judah", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Assyria devastates Judah, captures Lachish, and threatens Jerusalem during Hezekiah’s reign.", "dateLabel": "701 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "701 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -701, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 45, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 18–19; Isaiah 36–37", "world": "Sennacherib’s inscriptions boast of trapping Hezekiah but do not claim the capture of Jerusalem." }, "fingerprint": "599cd60e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-sennacherib", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asennacherib", "connectionCount": 31 }, { "canonicalId": "event:manasseh-reign", "type": "event", "id": "manasseh-reign", "label": "Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage", "normalizedLabel": "manasseh s reign and assyrian vassalage", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Manasseh’s long reign follows the Assyrian crisis under Hezekiah and embeds Judah more deeply in the imperial order.", "dateLabel": "c. 697–642 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "c. 697–642 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-assyria-iberia" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -670, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 45.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 21; 2 Chronicles 33", "world": "The period spans the reigns of Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and Ashurbanipal and precedes Josiah’s reform by a generation." }, "fingerprint": "0d638798", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-manasseh-reign", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amanasseh-reign", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:josiah", "type": "event", "id": "josiah", "label": "Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse", "normalizedLabel": "josiah s reform and assyria s collapse", "aliases": [], "status": "standard-chronology", "summary": "Josiah renews covenant worship as Assyrian control weakens.", "dateLabel": "640–609 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "640–609 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -625, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 46, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 22–23", "world": "Nineveh falls in 612 BCE; Babylon and Egypt compete for control of the Levant." }, "fingerprint": "281d2e3b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-josiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajosiah", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:josiah-scroll-passover", "type": "event", "id": "josiah-scroll-passover", "label": "The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover", "normalizedLabel": "the torah scroll discovery and josiah s passover", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "A scroll found during Temple repairs triggers covenant renewal, cultic reform, and a major Passover under Josiah.", "dateLabel": "622/621 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "622/621 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-late-egypt", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -621, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 46.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 22–23; 2 Chronicles 34–35", "world": "The reform is commonly placed in Josiah’s eighteenth regnal year as Assyrian control weakened and Egyptian power expanded northward." }, "fingerprint": "6c863bde", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-josiah-scroll-passover", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajosiah-scroll-passover", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:josiah-death-megiddo", "type": "event", "id": "josiah-death-megiddo", "label": "Josiah Dies at Megiddo", "normalizedLabel": "josiah dies at megiddo", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "Josiah is killed during Pharaoh Necho II’s northern campaign, ending Judah’s reform era and beginning rapid subordination to Egypt and Babylon.", "dateLabel": "609 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "609 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -609, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 46.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 23:28–30; 2 Chronicles 35:20–27", "world": "The event lies between Assyria’s collapse and the Babylonian victory at Carchemish in 605 BCE." }, "fingerprint": "24b9659a", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-josiah-death-megiddo", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajosiah-death-megiddo", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:carchemish", "type": "event", "id": "carchemish", "label": "Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish", "normalizedLabel": "babylon defeats egypt at carchemish", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Nebuchadnezzar destroys Egyptian power in Syria and brings Judah into Babylon’s sphere.", "dateLabel": "605 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "605 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -605, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 47, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Jeremiah 46; Daniel 1 in the adopted biblical chronology", "world": "The Neo-Babylonian Empire replaces Assyria as the dominant power." }, "fingerprint": "3e535eaf", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-carchemish", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acarchemish", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:daniel-first-captives", "type": "event", "id": "daniel-first-captives", "label": "Daniel and the First Judean Captives in Babylon", "normalizedLabel": "daniel and the first judean captives in babylon", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Daniel 1 places a first transfer of Judean elites and Temple vessels at the beginning of Babylonian dominance.", "dateLabel": "c. 605 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "iron-iibc", "c. 605 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-chronicle-general", "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -605, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 47.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Daniel 1:1–7; 2 Kings 24:1; 2 Chronicles 36:5–7", "world": "The event is synchronized with Nebuchadnezzar’s accession and the aftermath of Carchemish, but the biblical regnal wording creates a known chronological question." }, "fingerprint": "a06b326f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-daniel-first-captives", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adaniel-first-captives", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:first-babylonian-exile", "type": "event", "id": "first-babylonian-exile", "label": "Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin", "normalizedLabel": "nebuchadnezzar captures jerusalem and exiles jehoiachin", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The 597 BCE deportation creates the exilic community addressed by Ezekiel and precedes Jerusalem’s final destruction.", "dateLabel": "597 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "iron-iibc", "597 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -597, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 48, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 24:8–17; Jeremiah 24 and 29; Ezekiel 1:1–3.", "world": "Nebuchadnezzar removes the king, court, soldiers, and skilled workers, installing Zedekiah." }, "fingerprint": "67feb175", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-first-babylonian-exile", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afirst-babylonian-exile", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ezekiel-call", "type": "event", "id": "ezekiel-call", "label": "Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon", "normalizedLabel": "ezekiel s prophetic call in babylon", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Ezekiel receives his prophetic commission among the Judean deportees by the Chebar canal and begins a series of unusually precise dated oracles.", "dateLabel": "593/592 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "iron-iibc", "593/592 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -592, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 48.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Ezekiel 1:1–3; 3:15; 8:1; 20:1", "world": "The call occurs after the 597 BCE deportation of Jehoiachin and before Jerusalem’s final destruction." }, "fingerprint": "7cd68755", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ezekiel-call", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aezekiel-call", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:lachish-letters", "type": "event", "id": "lachish-letters", "label": "The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense", "normalizedLabel": "the lachish letters and judah s final defense", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Military ostraca from Lachish preserve the anxious administrative language of Judah’s final days.", "dateLabel": "c. 589–588 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "iron-iibc", "c. 589–588 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -588, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 49, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Jeremiah 34:7 mentions Lachish and Azekah among the last fortified cities.", "world": "Babylonian forces reduce Judah’s remaining strongholds before Jerusalem falls." }, "fingerprint": "a50e9a59", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-lachish-letters", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Alachish-letters", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jerusalem-586", "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-586", "label": "Jerusalem and the First Temple Destroyed", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem and the first temple destroyed", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Babylon destroys Jerusalem, ends the Davidic monarchy, and exiles much of Judah’s leadership.", "dateLabel": "586 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "iron-iibc", "586 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -586, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 50, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 25; Jeremiah 39; Lamentations", "world": "Nebuchadnezzar consolidates Babylonian imperial control over the Levant." }, "fingerprint": "d383bcb5", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jerusalem-586", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajerusalem-586", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "label": "Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem s fall reported to ezekiel", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "A fugitive reaches Ezekiel’s community with confirmation that Jerusalem has fallen, marking the turn from warning to restoration in the book.", "dateLabel": "586/585 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "iron-iibc", "586/585 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -585, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 50.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Ezekiel 24:1–2; 33:21–22", "world": "The delay between destruction and arrival of the report reflects ancient communication across the imperial road and canal networks." }, "fingerprint": "aff9677a", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:gedaliah-aftermath", "type": "event", "id": "gedaliah-aftermath", "label": "Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction", "normalizedLabel": "gedaliah mizpah and the aftermath of destruction", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "The assassination of Gedaliah and flight to Egypt show that Judah’s collapse continued after Jerusalem’s destruction.", "dateLabel": "c. 586–582 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "iron-iibc", "c. 586–582 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -583, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 51, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 25:22–26; Jeremiah 40–44.", "world": "Babylon governs the remnant population from Mizpah while local factions compete for power." }, "fingerprint": "ca3fea6b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-gedaliah-aftermath", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Agedaliah-aftermath", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jehoiachin-released", "type": "event", "id": "jehoiachin-released", "label": "Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment", "normalizedLabel": "jehoiachin released from babylonian imprisonment", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Evil-merodach releases the exiled Judean king Jehoiachin and grants him a place at the royal table.", "dateLabel": "561/560 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "iron-iibc", "561/560 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -560, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 51.3, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "2 Kings 25:27–30; Jeremiah 52:31–34", "world": "The event closes Kings with a limited sign of dynastic survival before the Persian conquest of Babylon." }, "fingerprint": "3684fe57", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jehoiachin-released", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajehoiachin-released", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:cyrus", "type": "event", "id": "cyrus", "label": "Cyrus Conquers Babylon and Authorizes Return", "normalizedLabel": "cyrus conquers babylon and authorizes return", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Persian rule permits Judean exiles to return and rebuild the Temple.", "dateLabel": "539–538 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple Period", "persian", "539–538 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -539, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 52, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Ezra 1; Isaiah 44–45", "world": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire absorbs Babylon and governs through provincial administration and local institutions." }, "fingerprint": "67cd2514", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-cyrus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acyrus", "connectionCount": 19 }, { "canonicalId": "event:zerubbabel-return", "type": "event", "id": "zerubbabel-return", "label": "Return under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel", "normalizedLabel": "return under sheshbazzar and zerubbabel", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "The first return and altar restoration begin the long reconstruction of Judean communal life.", "dateLabel": "538–520 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "persian", "538–520 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -530, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 53, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Ezra 1–5; Haggai; Zechariah 1–8.", "world": "Persian imperial administration permits local cult restoration while Judah remains a small province." }, "fingerprint": "5d6adebf", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-zerubbabel-return", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Azerubbabel-return", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:second-temple", "type": "event", "id": "second-temple", "label": "The Second Temple Completed", "normalizedLabel": "the second temple completed", "aliases": [], "status": "standard-chronology", "summary": "Jerusalem again possesses a functioning Temple, but no independent Davidic king.", "dateLabel": "516 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple Period", "persian", "516 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -516, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 54, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Ezra 5–6; Haggai; Zechariah", "world": "Judah remains a small province within the Persian Empire." }, "fingerprint": "bf4739ba", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-second-temple", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asecond-temple", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:esther-persian-court", "type": "event", "id": "esther-persian-court", "label": "Esther at the Persian Court", "normalizedLabel": "esther at the persian court", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Esther’s narrative places a Judean woman and her guardian Mordecai within the royal court of Ahasuerus, commonly identified with Xerxes I.", "dateLabel": "c. 483–473 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple and Persian Period", "persian", "c. 483–473 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -478, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 54.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Esther 1–4", "world": "The story’s internal chronology begins in the king’s third year and reaches the crisis in his twelfth year." }, "fingerprint": "3d0c0fd6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-esther-persian-court", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aesther-persian-court", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:purim-crisis", "type": "event", "id": "purim-crisis", "label": "Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim", "normalizedLabel": "haman s plot and the institution of purim", "aliases": [], "status": "traditional-chronology", "summary": "Haman’s decree, Esther’s intervention, and the reversal of the threatened violence become the narrative basis for the festival of Purim.", "dateLabel": "c. 474/473 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple and Persian Period", "persian", "c. 474/473 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -473, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 54.3, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Esther 3–10", "world": "Esther locates the decisive events in Ahasuerus’s twelfth year, which corresponds roughly to 474/473 BCE under the Xerxes identification." }, "fingerprint": "7bce1fdb", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-purim-crisis", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apurim-crisis", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ezra-nehemiah", "type": "event", "id": "ezra-nehemiah", "label": "Ezra and Nehemiah", "normalizedLabel": "ezra and nehemiah", "aliases": [], "status": "traditional-chronology", "summary": "Torah instruction, covenant renewal, and rebuilding Jerusalem’s walls reshape the restored community.", "dateLabel": "c. 458–445 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple Period", "persian", "c. 458–445 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -450, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 55, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Ezra 7–10; Nehemiah", "world": "Artaxerxes I rules the Persian Empire." }, "fingerprint": "7d6d7647", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ezra-nehemiah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aezra-nehemiah", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:nehemiah-wall", "type": "event", "id": "nehemiah-wall", "label": "Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall", "normalizedLabel": "nehemiah rebuilds jerusalem s wall", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Nehemiah receives Persian authorization, surveys Jerusalem, organizes the wall project, and completes it amid local opposition.", "dateLabel": "445/444 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple and Persian Period", "persian", "445/444 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -444, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 55.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Nehemiah 1–7; 12:27–43", "world": "The mission is placed in Artaxerxes I’s twentieth year, commonly calculated as 445/444 BCE." }, "fingerprint": "99ad40b9", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-nehemiah-wall", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Anehemiah-wall", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:malachi-late-persian", "type": "event", "id": "malachi-late-persian", "label": "Malachi and the Late Persian Community", "normalizedLabel": "malachi and the late persian community", "aliases": [], "status": "broad-historical-fit", "summary": "Malachi addresses priestly corruption, social injustice, covenant fidelity, and expectation within the restored Temple community.", "dateLabel": "c. 450–430 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple and Persian Period", "persian", "c. 450–430 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -440, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 55.3, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Malachi 1–4", "world": "The book is placed broadly near the Ezra-Nehemiah period because it presupposes a functioning Temple and Persian-style provincial administration but names no king." }, "fingerprint": "e82819a0", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-malachi-late-persian", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amalachi-late-persian", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:elephantine-community", "type": "event", "id": "elephantine-community", "label": "The Judean Community and Temple at Elephantine", "normalizedLabel": "the judean community and temple at elephantine", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Aramaic papyri reveal a Judean military community in Egypt with its own temple and complex religious practices.", "dateLabel": "c. 500–400 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple and Persian Period", "persian", "c. 500–400 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-elephantine", "asor-elephantine" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -450, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 56, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "The community is not narrated in the canonical Bible; its letters illuminate diaspora Judaism during the Persian period.", "world": "Elephantine guards Egypt’s southern frontier under Achaemenid rule." }, "fingerprint": "940f245b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-elephantine-community", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aelephantine-community", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:alexander", "type": "event", "id": "alexander", "label": "Alexander Conquers the Levant", "normalizedLabel": "alexander conquers the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Judea enters the Hellenistic world, where Greek language and institutions become increasingly influential.", "dateLabel": "332 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple Period", "hellenistic", "332 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -332, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 57, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Background to the later Second Temple period", "world": "Alexander dismantles Persian power and creates a vast Macedonian empire." }, "fingerprint": "d7a789f2", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-alexander", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aalexander", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:septuagint-origins", "type": "event", "id": "septuagint-origins", "label": "The Greek Translation of Jewish Scripture", "normalizedLabel": "the greek translation of jewish scripture", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Jewish scriptures are translated into Greek, creating the textual world later quoted extensively by New Testament authors.", "dateLabel": "c. 280–150 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "hellenistic", "c. 280–150 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -250, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 58, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "The Letter of Aristeas preserves a legendary account of the Pentateuch’s translation; the New Testament often uses Greek-scripture wording.", "world": "Greek becomes a major language of administration, education, and diaspora Jewish life." }, "fingerprint": "43296e19", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-septuagint-origins", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aseptuagint-origins", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "type": "event", "id": "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "label": "Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids", "normalizedLabel": "judea between the ptolemies and seleucids", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Judea passes through competing Hellenistic imperial systems that reshape taxation, cities, language, and elite politics.", "dateLabel": "301–198 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "hellenistic", "301–198 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -220, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 59, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Daniel 7–11 interprets Hellenistic kingdoms apocalyptically; later Jewish histories preserve the crisis context.", "world": "Ptolemaic and Seleucid dynasties compete for Coele-Syria." }, "fingerprint": "4dbe6cf3", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:maccabees", "type": "event", "id": "maccabees", "label": "Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication", "normalizedLabel": "maccabean revolt and temple rededication", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Jewish resistance defeats Seleucid efforts to suppress traditional worship and rededicates the Temple.", "dateLabel": "167–164 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple Period", "hellenistic", "167–164 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -165, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 60, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Daniel as interpreted by many readers; 1–2 Maccabees in the broader Jewish canon", "world": "Antiochus IV’s policies provoke revolt and eventually a Hasmonean state." }, "fingerprint": "6f9aa152", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-maccabees", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amaccabees", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:hasmonean-state", "type": "event", "id": "hasmonean-state", "label": "Hasmonean Independence and Expansion", "normalizedLabel": "hasmonean independence and expansion", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The revolt develops into an independent Jewish state combining priestly and royal authority.", "dateLabel": "142–63 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "hellenistic", "142–63 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bas-maccabees", "met-seleucid" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -100, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 61, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Maccabees; Josephus; later rabbinic memory.", "world": "Hasmonean rulers expand territory, compel political integration, and face internal dynastic conflict." }, "fingerprint": "95bb7aa4", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-hasmonean-state", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahasmonean-state", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:dead-sea-scrolls-community", "type": "event", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community", "label": "The Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Jewish Diversity", "normalizedLabel": "the dead sea scrolls and second temple jewish diversity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The scrolls preserve biblical manuscripts, legal texts, apocalyptic writings, prayers, commentaries, and sectarian rules from the world before and during Jesus.", "dateLabel": "c. 250 BCE–70 CE", "periodHints": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "hellenistic", "c. 250 BCE–70 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -100, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 62, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "The scrolls illuminate Jewish interpretation and expectation but do not mention Jesus or Christianity directly.", "world": "Jewish groups debate calendar, purity, priesthood, covenant, empire, and the end times." }, "fingerprint": "cfeff2e6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-dead-sea-scrolls-community", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community", "connectionCount": 28 }, { "canonicalId": "event:pompey", "type": "event", "id": "pompey", "label": "Pompey Enters Jerusalem", "normalizedLabel": "pompey enters jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Roman intervention ends effective Hasmonean independence.", "dateLabel": "63 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple Period", "early-roman", "63 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -63, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 63, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Political background to the New Testament", "world": "Rome absorbs the eastern Mediterranean into its imperial system." }, "fingerprint": "36c57858", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-pompey", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apompey", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:herod", "type": "event", "id": "herod", "label": "Herod the Great Rules Judea", "normalizedLabel": "herod the great rules judea", "aliases": [], "status": "minority-chronology", "summary": "Herod rules as Rome’s client king and undertakes massive construction, including expansion of the Jerusalem Temple.", "dateLabel": "37–1 BCE in this model", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "37–1 BCE in this model" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -37, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 64, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Matthew 2; Luke 1", "world": "Augustus consolidates Roman rule while Herod manages Judea through diplomacy, building, and violence." }, "fingerprint": "ad1768f6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-herod", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aherod", "connectionCount": 28 }, { "canonicalId": "event:herod-temple", "type": "event", "id": "herod-temple", "label": "Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple", "normalizedLabel": "herod rebuilds and expands the jerusalem temple", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "Herod’s monumental temple project creates the physical and political center of the Gospel narratives.", "dateLabel": "20/19 BCE onward", "periodHints": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "early-roman", "20/19 BCE onward" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -19, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 65, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "John 2:20; the Synoptic temple narratives; Josephus.", "world": "Herod combines Roman architectural ambition with Jewish sacred tradition and royal legitimacy." }, "fingerprint": "8b395f63", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-herod-temple", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aherod-temple", "connectionCount": 28 }, { "canonicalId": "event:augustus-principate", "type": "event", "id": "augustus-principate", "label": "Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order", "normalizedLabel": "augustus and the roman imperial order", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Augustus’s settlement of Roman power creates the imperial political framework of Jesus’s birth.", "dateLabel": "27 BCE–14 CE", "periodHints": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "early-roman", "27 BCE–14 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -10, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 66, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Luke 2:1 names Caesar Augustus; New Testament chronology must be located within Roman provincial administration.", "world": "The Roman Republic becomes an imperial monarchy in practice while retaining republican titles." }, "fingerprint": "2807bbbf", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-augustus-principate", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aaugustus-principate", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:birth-jesus", "type": "event", "id": "birth-jesus", "label": "Birth of Jesus", "normalizedLabel": "birth of jesus", "aliases": [], "status": "reasoned-minority", "summary": "This project adopts September 11, 3 BCE—approximately Tishri 1/Yom Teruah—as the birth date of Jesus.", "dateLabel": "September 11, 3 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "September 11, 3 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -3, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 67, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Matthew 1–2; Luke 1–2; Revelation 12 in the adopted interpretation", "world": "Augustus rules Rome; Herod governs Judea as a client king." }, "fingerprint": "d985ae7a", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-birth-jesus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Abirth-jesus", "connectionCount": 46 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jesus-circumcision", "type": "event", "id": "jesus-circumcision", "label": "Circumcision and Naming of Jesus", "normalizedLabel": "circumcision and naming of jesus", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Jesus is circumcised and formally named on the eighth day in accordance with Jewish law.", "dateLabel": "Approximately September 18, 3 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "Approximately September 18, 3 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "heiser-sept11" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -3, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 67.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Luke 2:21", "world": "The displayed date is calculated from the project’s September 11, 3 BCE birth proposal and must move if the active birth date changes." }, "fingerprint": "639a6145", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jesus-circumcision", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajesus-circumcision", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jesus-presentation", "type": "event", "id": "jesus-presentation", "label": "Presentation of Jesus in the Temple", "normalizedLabel": "presentation of jesus in the temple", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Mary and Joseph bring Jesus to Jerusalem for purification and presentation, where Simeon and Anna encounter the child.", "dateLabel": "Approximately October 3 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "Approximately October 3 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "heiser-sept11" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -3, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 67.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Luke 2:22–38; Leviticus 12", "world": "The working date is approximately forty days after the project’s proposed birth and remains dependent on how Levitical timing and sunset-defined days are counted." }, "fingerprint": "ab3da14b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jesus-presentation", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajesus-presentation", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:magi", "type": "event", "id": "magi", "label": "The Magi Visit the Young Jesus", "normalizedLabel": "the magi visit the young jesus", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "The Magi interpret royal celestial signs, travel to Judea, and visit Jesus after his birth.", "dateLabel": "c. 2 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "c. 2 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -2, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 68, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Matthew 2:1–12", "world": "Ancient court specialists combine astronomy, astrology, diplomacy, and royal omen interpretation." }, "fingerprint": "32872ab7", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-magi", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amagi", "connectionCount": 21 }, { "canonicalId": "event:flight-egypt", "type": "event", "id": "flight-egypt", "label": "Flight into Egypt", "normalizedLabel": "flight into egypt", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Joseph takes Mary and Jesus to Egypt after the Magi depart and before Herod’s attempt to kill the child.", "dateLabel": "c. 2–1 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "c. 2–1 BCE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-minority", "josephus-ant17" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -2, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 68.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Matthew 2:13–18", "world": "The event must fall after the birth and Magi visit but before the selected Herod-death interval; the displayed range follows the project’s 1 BCE Herod model." }, "fingerprint": "1d6f3fb5", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-flight-egypt", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aflight-egypt", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:herod-death", "type": "event", "id": "herod-death", "label": "Death of Herod the Great", "normalizedLabel": "death of herod the great", "aliases": [], "status": "minority-chronology", "summary": "Joseph returns from Egypt after Herod’s death but settles in Galilee because Archelaus rules Judea.", "dateLabel": "1 BCE in this model", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "1 BCE in this model" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 69, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Matthew 2:19–23", "world": "Herod’s territory is divided among his heirs under Roman oversight." }, "fingerprint": "09dc3fb6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-herod-death", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aherod-death", "connectionCount": 29 }, { "canonicalId": "event:return-nazareth", "type": "event", "id": "return-nazareth", "label": "Return from Egypt and Settlement in Nazareth", "normalizedLabel": "return from egypt and settlement in nazareth", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "After Herod’s death, Joseph returns with his family and settles in Nazareth under the rule of Herod Antipas rather than Archelaus.", "dateLabel": "1 BCE or shortly afterward", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "1 BCE or shortly afterward" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": -1, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 69.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Matthew 2:19–23; Luke 2:39–40", "world": "The placement is constrained by the selected Herod-death model and the succession of Herod’s sons." }, "fingerprint": "a00dbee2", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-return-nazareth", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Areturn-nazareth", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:quirinius-census", "type": "event", "id": "quirinius-census", "label": "Quirinius, the Census, and the Annexation of Judea", "normalizedLabel": "quirinius the census and the annexation of judea", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-and-problematic", "summary": "The securely dated census of 6 CE is a central historical problem for interpreting Luke’s birth chronology.", "dateLabel": "6 CE", "periodHints": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "early-roman", "6 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 6, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 70, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Luke 2:1–5; Acts 5:37; Josephus.", "world": "After Archelaus is removed, Judea becomes a Roman province and Quirinius oversees a registration provoking resistance." }, "fingerprint": "0c02de06", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-quirinius-census", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aquirinius-census", "connectionCount": 18 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jesus-age-twelve", "type": "event", "id": "jesus-age-twelve", "label": "Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve", "normalizedLabel": "jesus in the temple at age twelve", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "At age twelve Jesus remains in Jerusalem after Passover and is found among the Temple teachers.", "dateLabel": "c. 10 CE", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "c. 10 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 10, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 70.5, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Luke 2:41–52", "world": "The approximate civil year follows the project’s 3 BCE birth model and should be understood as an age calculation rather than an independent historical synchronism." }, "fingerprint": "f4efae49", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jesus-age-twelve", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajesus-age-twelve", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event:tiberius-pilate", "type": "event", "id": "tiberius-pilate", "label": "Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea", "normalizedLabel": "tiberius pontius pilate and roman judea", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The ministries of John and Jesus occur under Tiberius and the prefecture of Pontius Pilate.", "dateLabel": "14–36 CE", "periodHints": [ "Jesus and the Early Roman Period", "early-roman", "14–36 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 27, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 71, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Luke 3:1–2; all four Passion narratives.", "world": "Pilate governs Judea from 26 to 36 CE under the Syrian legate and Roman imperial system." }, "fingerprint": "50aa8b54", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-tiberius-pilate", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Atiberius-pilate", "connectionCount": 20 }, { "canonicalId": "event:john-baptist", "type": "event", "id": "john-baptist", "label": "John the Baptist’s Ministry", "normalizedLabel": "john the baptist s ministry", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "John announces judgment, calls Israel to repentance, baptizes in the Jordan, and inaugurates the public setting of Jesus’s ministry.", "dateLabel": "c. 27–29 CE", "periodHints": [ "Jesus and the Early Roman Period", "early-roman", "c. 27–29 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 28, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 72, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Mark 1; Matthew 3; Luke 3; John 1; Josephus, Antiquities 18.", "world": "Prophetic renewal movements arise under Roman and Herodian rule." }, "fingerprint": "a6f0af3c", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-john-baptist", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajohn-baptist", "connectionCount": 24 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jesus-baptism", "type": "event", "id": "jesus-baptism", "label": "Baptism of Jesus", "normalizedLabel": "baptism of jesus", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "Jesus is baptized by John and begins the transition into his public ministry.", "dateLabel": "c. 28 CE", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "c. 28 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "josephus-ant18" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 28, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 72.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Mark 1:9–11; Matthew 3:13–17; Luke 3:21–23; John 1:29–34", "world": "Luke places the setting in the fifteenth year of Tiberius and says Jesus was about thirty, producing a working date around 28 CE in this reconstruction." }, "fingerprint": "8cd68d36", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jesus-baptism", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajesus-baptism", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:john-baptist-death", "type": "event", "id": "john-baptist-death", "label": "Death of John the Baptist", "normalizedLabel": "death of john the baptist", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Herod Antipas executes John, whose movement and death are independently remembered by Josephus and the Synoptic Gospels.", "dateLabel": "c. 29–30 CE", "periodHints": [ "Jesus and the Early Roman Period", "early-roman", "c. 29–30 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant18", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 29, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 72.3, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Mark 6:14–29; Matthew 14:1–12; Luke 9:7–9; Josephus, Antiquities 18.116–119", "world": "The working date precedes the final phase of Jesus’s ministry but remains less secure than the broader reign of Antipas." }, "fingerprint": "cfaff84c", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-john-baptist-death", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajohn-baptist-death", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ministry", "type": "event", "id": "ministry", "label": "Ministry of Jesus", "normalizedLabel": "ministry of jesus", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "Jesus announces the kingdom of God, gathers twelve disciples, teaches, heals, and confronts religious and political authorities.", "dateLabel": "c. 28/29–30 CE (project model; 33 CE alternative)", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "c. 28/29–30 CE (project model; 33 CE alternative)" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires", "tyndale-tiberius-fifteenth", "mohr-feasts-john", "cambridge-diatessaron-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 29, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 73, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "The four Gospels; especially Luke 3:1–23 for chronological anchors", "world": "Tiberius is emperor; Pontius Pilate governs Judea; Herod Antipas rules Galilee; Caiaphas serves as high priest." }, "fingerprint": "1771592d", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ministry", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aministry", "connectionCount": 31 }, { "canonicalId": "event:triumphal-entry", "type": "event", "id": "triumphal-entry", "label": "Triumphal Entry and the Final Jerusalem Week", "normalizedLabel": "triumphal entry and the final jerusalem week", "aliases": [], "status": "two-major-options", "summary": "Jesus enters Jerusalem for Passover, confronts the Temple establishment, shares a final meal, and is arrested.", "dateLabel": "Spring 30 CE preferred", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "Spring 30 CE preferred" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 30, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 73.8, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Mark 11–15; Matthew 21–27; Luke 19–23; John 12–19", "world": "The event is placed in the same Passover week as the project’s preferred 30 CE crucifixion, with 33 CE retained as the principal alternative." }, "fingerprint": "6ced5a58", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-triumphal-entry", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Atriumphal-entry", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:crucifixion", "type": "event", "id": "crucifixion", "label": "Crucifixion and Resurrection", "normalizedLabel": "crucifixion and resurrection", "aliases": [], "status": "two-major-options", "summary": "Jesus is crucified under Pontius Pilate during Passover and proclaimed risen by his followers.", "dateLabel": "30 CE preferred; 33 CE alternate", "periodHints": [ "Life of Jesus", "early-roman", "30 CE preferred; 33 CE alternate" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 30, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Matthew 26–28; Mark 14–16; Luke 22–24; John 18–21", "world": "Roman execution, Jerusalem’s Passover crowds, and Temple leadership form the immediate historical setting." }, "fingerprint": "ff8b934a", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-crucifixion", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acrucifixion", "connectionCount": 24 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ascension-pentecost", "type": "event", "id": "ascension-pentecost", "label": "Ascension and Pentecost", "normalizedLabel": "ascension and pentecost", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Acts opens with Jesus’s ascension and the Pentecost experience that initiates the public Jerusalem mission of his followers.", "dateLabel": "Spring 30 CE preferred", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "Spring 30 CE preferred" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 30, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.1, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Luke 24:44–53; Acts 1–2", "world": "The placement follows the preferred 30 CE crucifixion; selecting 33 CE should shift this dependent event accordingly." }, "fingerprint": "16863a34", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ascension-pentecost", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aascension-pentecost", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jerusalem-church-growth", "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-church-growth", "label": "Growth of the Jerusalem Community", "normalizedLabel": "growth of the jerusalem community", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "The Jerusalem movement develops shared institutions, public teaching, charitable distribution, and conflict with Temple authorities.", "dateLabel": "c. 30–33 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 30–33 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 32, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.2, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 2:42–6:7", "world": "The broad interval lies between Pentecost and the persecution associated with Stephen." }, "fingerprint": "ed1e7019", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jerusalem-church-growth", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajerusalem-church-growth", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:stephen-martyrdom", "type": "event", "id": "stephen-martyrdom", "label": "Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion", "normalizedLabel": "stephen s death and the dispersion", "aliases": [], "status": "traditional-chronology", "summary": "Stephen is executed after a dispute and hearing, and many members of the Jerusalem community disperse into Judea and Samaria.", "dateLabel": "c. 32–34 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 32–34 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 33, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.3, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 6:8–8:4", "world": "The event precedes Paul’s conversion and provides Acts’ narrative mechanism for expansion beyond Jerusalem." }, "fingerprint": "8c939d10", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-stephen-martyrdom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Astephen-martyrdom", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-conversion", "type": "event", "id": "paul-conversion", "label": "Conversion and Call of Paul", "normalizedLabel": "conversion and call of paul", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Paul changes from persecutor to missionary after an experience he interprets as an appearance and call of the risen Jesus.", "dateLabel": "c. 33–35 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 33–35 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 34, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.4, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 9; 22; 26; Galatians 1:11–17; 1 Corinthians 15:8–10", "world": "The date is reconstructed backward from Paul’s later Jerusalem visits and the Gallio anchor, not supplied directly by a Roman source." }, "fingerprint": "eaf7582b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-conversion", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-conversion", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-first-jerusalem", "type": "event", "id": "paul-first-jerusalem", "label": "Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit", "normalizedLabel": "paul s first post conversion jerusalem visit", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Paul visits Jerusalem, meets Cephas and James according to Galatians, and then departs for Syria and Cilicia.", "dateLabel": "c. 36–38 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 36–38 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 37, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.5, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Galatians 1:18–24; Acts 9:26–30", "world": "The placement depends on how the “three years” of Galatians is counted from Paul’s call." }, "fingerprint": "d3f7223a", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-first-jerusalem", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-first-jerusalem", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:cornelius-gentile-mission", "type": "event", "id": "cornelius-gentile-mission", "label": "Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission", "normalizedLabel": "cornelius and the opening of the gentile mission", "aliases": [], "status": "traditional-chronology", "summary": "Peter’s encounter with Cornelius becomes Acts’ programmatic account of uncircumcised Gentiles entering the movement.", "dateLabel": "c. 38–41 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 38–41 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 40, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.6, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 10–11", "world": "The broad placement precedes the mature Antioch mission and the Jerusalem Council but is not tied to an external date." }, "fingerprint": "55bde4c9", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acornelius-gentile-mission", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:antioch-church", "type": "event", "id": "antioch-church", "label": "The Church at Antioch", "normalizedLabel": "the church at antioch", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "A mixed Jewish and Gentile community develops at Antioch and becomes the principal base for Barnabas and Paul’s wider mission.", "dateLabel": "c. 40–43 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 40–43 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 42, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.7, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 11:19–30; 13:1–3; Galatians 2", "world": "The event follows the dispersion from Jerusalem and precedes Agrippa I’s death and Paul’s first missionary journey." }, "fingerprint": "3f2b0672", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-antioch-church", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aantioch-church", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:james-zebedee-peter-prison", "type": "event", "id": "james-zebedee-peter-prison", "label": "James Son of Zebedee Killed and Peter Imprisoned", "normalizedLabel": "james son of zebedee killed and peter imprisoned", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Herod Agrippa I executes James and imprisons Peter during his final year, according to Acts.", "dateLabel": "44 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "44 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 44, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.8, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 12:1–19", "world": "The episode is anchored to Agrippa’s reign and immediately precedes Acts’ account of his death." }, "fingerprint": "fdb07d5f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-james-zebedee-peter-prison", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajames-zebedee-peter-prison", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:agrippa-i-death", "type": "event", "id": "agrippa-i-death", "label": "Death of Herod Agrippa I", "normalizedLabel": "death of herod agrippa i", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Agrippa I dies suddenly after public acclamation, ending the brief reunification of much of Herod the Great’s kingdom.", "dateLabel": "44 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "44 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 44, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 74.9, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 12:20–23; Josephus, Antiquities 19.343–350", "world": "Acts and Josephus provide independent accounts with overlapping setting but different theological emphasis." }, "fingerprint": "21476c20", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-agrippa-i-death", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aagrippa-i-death", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-first-journey", "type": "event", "id": "paul-first-journey", "label": "Paul’s First Missionary Journey", "normalizedLabel": "paul s first missionary journey", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Paul and Barnabas travel from Antioch through Cyprus and southern Anatolia, establishing assemblies before returning to Antioch.", "dateLabel": "c. 46–48 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 46–48 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 47, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 75, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 13–14", "world": "The range is reconstructed between the famine-relief/Agrippa sequence and the Jerusalem Council." }, "fingerprint": "86acd793", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-first-journey", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-first-journey", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jerusalem-council", "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-council", "label": "The Jerusalem Council", "normalizedLabel": "the jerusalem council", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Leaders in Jerusalem and Antioch negotiate the status of Gentile converts and the obligations expected of them.", "dateLabel": "48/49 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "48/49 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 49, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 76, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 15; Galatians 2:1–10", "world": "The event is commonly placed around 48–49 CE between the first and second mission phases, though its identification with Galatians 2 is debated." }, "fingerprint": "e306f9b8", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jerusalem-council", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajerusalem-council", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-second-journey", "type": "event", "id": "paul-second-journey", "label": "Paul’s Second Missionary Journey", "normalizedLabel": "paul s second missionary journey", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "Paul travels through Anatolia into Macedonia and Achaia, founding or strengthening communities at Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, and Corinth.", "dateLabel": "c. 49–52 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 49–52 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-writings" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 51, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 77, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 15:36–18:22; 1 Thessalonians", "world": "The Gallio proconsulship provides the journey’s strongest external chronological anchor." }, "fingerprint": "a0c5dd5a", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-second-journey", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-second-journey", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:gallio-corinth", "type": "event", "id": "gallio-corinth", "label": "Paul before Gallio at Corinth", "normalizedLabel": "paul before gallio at corinth", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Paul appears before Gallio, proconsul of Achaia, during his Corinthian mission.", "dateLabel": "c. 51–52 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 51–52 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 52, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 78, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 18:1–18", "world": "The Delphi inscription locating Gallio’s proconsulship provides the most important fixed point in Pauline chronology." }, "fingerprint": "d64d937d", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-gallio-corinth", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Agallio-corinth", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-third-journey", "type": "event", "id": "paul-third-journey", "label": "Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry", "normalizedLabel": "paul s third journey and ephesian ministry", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "Paul makes Ephesus a long-term base, revisits Macedonia and Achaia, organizes the collection for Jerusalem, and begins his final return.", "dateLabel": "c. 53–57 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 53–57 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-paul-corinth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 55, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 79, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 18:23–21:16; 1–2 Corinthians; Romans", "world": "The range follows the Gallio anchor and the relative chronology of the undisputed Pauline letters." }, "fingerprint": "1bf89576", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-third-journey", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-third-journey", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-arrest-jerusalem", "type": "event", "id": "paul-arrest-jerusalem", "label": "Paul Arrested in Jerusalem", "normalizedLabel": "paul arrested in jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Paul returns with the collection, is seized after conflict at the Temple, and is transferred under guard to Caesarea.", "dateLabel": "c. 57 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 57 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 57, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 80, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 21:17–23:35", "world": "The working date follows the conventional sequence of Romans, the collection, and the later Festus-Gallio anchors." }, "fingerprint": "95ca0bc0", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-arrest-jerusalem", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "type": "event", "id": "paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "label": "Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea", "normalizedLabel": "paul imprisoned at caesarea", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Paul remains in custody under Felix and Festus, appeals to Caesar, and speaks before Agrippa II.", "dateLabel": "c. 57–59 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 57–59 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 58, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 81, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 23:35–26:32", "world": "The interval depends on the debated date of Festus’s accession but usually occupies the later 50s CE." }, "fingerprint": "323abed9", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-caesarea-imprisonment", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-voyage-shipwreck", "type": "event", "id": "paul-voyage-shipwreck", "label": "Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck", "normalizedLabel": "paul s voyage and shipwreck", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Paul is transported toward Rome, survives a storm and shipwreck, winters on Malta, and continues to Italy.", "dateLabel": "c. 59–60 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 59–60 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 60, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 82, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 27:1–28:15", "world": "The voyage follows the appeal under Festus and precedes the Roman imprisonment narrated at the end of Acts." }, "fingerprint": "4901774d", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-voyage-shipwreck", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:paul-rome-imprisonment", "type": "event", "id": "paul-rome-imprisonment", "label": "Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment", "normalizedLabel": "paul s first roman imprisonment", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Acts ends with Paul under house arrest in Rome, teaching while awaiting resolution of his appeal.", "dateLabel": "c. 60–62 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "c. 60–62 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 61, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 83, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Acts 28:16–31; Philippians; Philemon", "world": "The conventional date follows the later-50s Caesarea imprisonment and 59–60 voyage." }, "fingerprint": "425f2261", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apaul-rome-imprisonment", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:james-brother-death", "type": "event", "id": "james-brother-death", "label": "Death of James, Brother of Jesus", "normalizedLabel": "death of james brother of jesus", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The high priest Ananus convenes a council and has James, the brother of Jesus called Christ, executed.", "dateLabel": "62 CE", "periodHints": [ "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "early-roman", "62 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 62, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 84, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Josephus, Antiquities 20.197–203; later Christian traditions", "world": "Josephus places the event during the brief interval between the death of Festus and the arrival of Albinus in 62 CE." }, "fingerprint": "c9aea2ff", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-james-brother-death", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajames-brother-death", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:neronian-persecution", "type": "event", "id": "neronian-persecution", "label": "The Neronian Persecution at Rome", "normalizedLabel": "the neronian persecution at rome", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "After the fire of Rome, Nero punishes Christians in the capital, creating the earliest clear Roman literary notice of an imperial persecution focused on the movement.", "dateLabel": "64–68 CE", "periodHints": [ "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "early-roman", "64–68 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 65, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 85, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Tacitus, Annals 15.44; later Christian traditions", "world": "The persecution begins in 64 CE and belongs to the final years of Nero’s reign." }, "fingerprint": "947bfa03", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-neronian-persecution", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aneronian-persecution", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event:peter-paul-deaths", "type": "event", "id": "peter-paul-deaths", "label": "Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul", "normalizedLabel": "probable deaths of peter and paul", "aliases": [], "status": "traditional-chronology", "summary": "Early Christian tradition places the deaths of Peter and Paul at Rome during the Neronian period.", "dateLabel": "c. 64–67 CE", "periodHints": [ "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "early-roman", "c. 64–67 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 66, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 86, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "1 Clement 5–6; later second-century traditions", "world": "The broad range is historically plausible but the exact years, sequence, and circumstances are not recoverable from contemporary state records." }, "fingerprint": "a0771291", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-peter-paul-deaths", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apeter-paul-deaths", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:first-jewish-revolt", "type": "event", "id": "first-jewish-revolt", "label": "The First Jewish Revolt", "normalizedLabel": "the first jewish revolt", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Rebellion against Rome expands from Jerusalem and Judea into a major war that ends the Second Temple order and reshapes Jewish and Christian history.", "dateLabel": "66–73/74 CE", "periodHints": [ "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "early-roman", "66–73/74 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 67, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 87, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Josephus, The Jewish War; Roman historical and material sources", "world": "The revolt begins in 66 CE, Jerusalem falls in 70, and remaining resistance centers continue until 73/74." }, "fingerprint": "77fcc32a", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-first-jewish-revolt", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afirst-jewish-revolt", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "label": "Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem and the second temple destroyed", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Titus’s army captures Jerusalem, burns the Temple, and dismantles the political and cultic center of Judea.", "dateLabel": "70 CE", "periodHints": [ "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "roman-jewish", "70 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 70, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 88, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Josephus, Jewish War 5–7; Roman monuments and archaeology", "world": "The destruction in 70 CE is one of the firmest dates in the entire timeline and marks the endpoint presupposed by many Second Temple records." }, "fingerprint": "4d6c23d0", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:masada-falls", "type": "event", "id": "masada-falls", "label": "Fall of Masada", "normalizedLabel": "fall of masada", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Roman forces besiege and capture Masada, conventionally marking the final major military episode of the First Revolt.", "dateLabel": "73/74 CE", "periodHints": [ "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "roman-jewish", "73/74 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 73, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 89, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Josephus, Jewish War 7; archaeological remains of the Roman siege", "world": "The event is placed in 73/74 CE because ancient regnal and consular conversion produces a narrow dating question." }, "fingerprint": "ab6b23b0", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-masada-falls", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amasada-falls", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event:bar-kokhba-revolt", "type": "event", "id": "bar-kokhba-revolt", "label": "The Bar Kokhba Revolt", "normalizedLabel": "the bar kokhba revolt", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "A second major revolt establishes a short-lived Jewish administration under Simon bar Kosiba before overwhelming Roman suppression.", "dateLabel": "132–135 CE", "periodHints": [ "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "roman-jewish", "132–135 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 133, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 90, "historyTrack": "", "postBiblical": false, "biblical": "Cassius Dio 69; Bar Kokhba letters, coins, and archaeological records", "world": "The war of 132–135 CE forms an optional epilogue beyond the New Testament period and marks a decisive transformation of Roman Judea and Jerusalem." }, "fingerprint": "e47fe853", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-bar-kokhba-revolt", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Abar-kokhba-revolt", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event:p46-pauline-codex", "type": "event", "id": "p46-pauline-codex", "label": "Papyrus 46 and the Early Pauline Letter Collection", "normalizedLabel": "papyrus 46 and the early pauline letter collection", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "An early papyrus codex demonstrates that a substantial collection of Pauline letters circulated together by the late second or early third century.", "dateLabel": "c. 175–250 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 175–250 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 210, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 91, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The manuscript belongs to the history of early Christian textual collection and transmission.", "world": "The codex became a prominent format for Christian scripture and literature, although the manuscript’s exact find context and precise date remain uncertain." }, "fingerprint": "641e9bbf", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-p46-pauline-codex", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ap46-pauline-codex", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:mishnah-redaction", "type": "event", "id": "mishnah-redaction", "label": "The Mishnah Reaches Its Classical Form", "normalizedLabel": "the mishnah reaches its classical form", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Rabbinic legal traditions are organized into the six orders of the Mishnah, conventionally associated with Judah ha-Nasi and the early third century.", "dateLabel": "c. 200 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 200 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 200, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 92, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The Mishnah becomes a foundational text for later rabbinic interpretation and Jewish law.", "world": "Its formation reflects generations of oral teaching and editorial activity rather than a single act of authorship." }, "fingerprint": "6d20fa48", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-mishnah-redaction", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amishnah-redaction", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:rabbinic-academies", "type": "event", "id": "rabbinic-academies", "label": "Rabbinic Centers Develop in Galilee and Babylonia", "normalizedLabel": "rabbinic centers develop in galilee and babylonia", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Networks of teachers, courts, and academies in Roman Palestine and Sasanian Babylonia shape the institutions and literature of classical rabbinic Judaism.", "dateLabel": "c. 200–500 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 200–500 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 300, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 93, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Rabbinic authority develops through diverse local institutions rather than through one uninterrupted central government.", "world": "Roman and Sasanian political settings produced different communal conditions and scholarly cultures." }, "fingerprint": "ccd61b87", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-rabbinic-academies", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Arabbinic-academies", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:armenia-christian-kingdom", "type": "event", "id": "armenia-christian-kingdom", "label": "Armenia Adopts Christianity", "normalizedLabel": "armenia adopts christianity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Armenian tradition places the royal adoption of Christianity under Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminator near the beginning of the fourth century.", "dateLabel": "c. 301 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 301 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 301, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 94, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The Armenian church becomes one of Christianity’s oldest enduring national ecclesial traditions.", "world": "The customary date is approximate, and the process of Christianization extended beyond one royal decision." }, "fingerprint": "144a2211", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-armenia-christian-kingdom", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aarmenia-christian-kingdom", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:great-persecution", "type": "event", "id": "great-persecution", "label": "The Great Persecution", "normalizedLabel": "the great persecution", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Imperial edicts under Diocletian and his colleagues target churches, scriptures, clergy, and Christian participation in public life.", "dateLabel": "303–311 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "303–311 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 303, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 95, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Christian communities remember the period through martyr narratives, episcopal disputes, and later debates over those who complied under pressure.", "world": "Enforcement varied greatly across the empire and ended through a sequence of toleration measures." }, "fingerprint": "cb2acce8", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-great-persecution", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Agreat-persecution", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:edict-milan", "type": "event", "id": "edict-milan", "label": "Constantine, Licinius, and Imperial Toleration", "normalizedLabel": "constantine licinius and imperial toleration", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The agreement conventionally called the Edict of Milan establishes broad toleration and restitution for Christians after imperial persecution.", "dateLabel": "313 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "313 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 313, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 96, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Christian communities gain legal security and increasing access to imperial patronage.", "world": "The change did not instantly make every inhabitant Christian or end religious conflict." }, "fingerprint": "5782bed1", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-edict-milan", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aedict-milan", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:council-nicaea", "type": "event", "id": "council-nicaea", "label": "The First Council of Nicaea", "normalizedLabel": "the first council of nicaea", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Bishops convened by Constantine address the controversy associated with Arius, formulate a creed, and establish disciplinary canons.", "dateLabel": "325 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "325 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 325, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 97, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Nicaea becomes a foundational reference point for later Christian claims about the Son’s relation to the Father.", "world": "The council did not settle every later Trinitarian dispute, and the received creed was expanded at Constantinople in 381." }, "fingerprint": "52dbf003", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-council-nicaea", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acouncil-nicaea", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:aksum-christianity", "type": "event", "id": "aksum-christianity", "label": "Christianity Takes Root in the Kingdom of Aksum", "normalizedLabel": "christianity takes root in the kingdom of aksum", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Royal patronage under Ezana marks the public establishment of Christianity in the Aksumite kingdom.", "dateLabel": "c. 330–340 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 330–340 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 335, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 98, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian traditions develop within an African setting connected to the Red Sea world.", "world": "Conversion was a process, and the exact sequence of royal and popular adoption remains reconstructed from inscriptions and later tradition." }, "fingerprint": "38ea73a4", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-aksum-christianity", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aaksum-christianity", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:codex-sinaiticus-era", "type": "event", "id": "codex-sinaiticus-era", "label": "Codex Sinaiticus and the Christian Bible in Codex Form", "normalizedLabel": "codex sinaiticus and the christian bible in codex form", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "A fourth-century Greek codex preserves most of the Septuagint and the complete New Testament together with other early Christian works.", "dateLabel": "c. 350 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 350 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 350, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 99, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The manuscript demonstrates a large Christian scriptural collection while also showing that canon boundaries and textual forms were not perfectly uniform.", "world": "It is a manuscript witness, not an autograph, and its precise production location remains debated." }, "fingerprint": "c78ae7be", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-codex-sinaiticus-era", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acodex-sinaiticus-era", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:imperial-christianity-constantinople", "type": "event", "id": "imperial-christianity-constantinople", "label": "Imperial Nicene Christianity and the Council of Constantinople", "normalizedLabel": "imperial nicene christianity and the council of constantinople", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Theodosius I promotes Nicene Christianity as the empire’s normative faith, and the council of 381 develops the creed and ecclesiastical settlement.", "dateLabel": "380–381 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "380–381 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 381, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 100, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The late Roman church becomes more closely tied to imperial law and administration.", "world": "Imperial policy did not eliminate Christian diversity, and coercion, local practice, and theological allegiance varied." }, "fingerprint": "7f3957ea", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-imperial-christianity-constantinople", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aimperial-christianity-constantinople", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:jerusalem-talmud", "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-talmud", "label": "The Jerusalem Talmud Reaches Major Redaction", "normalizedLabel": "the jerusalem talmud reaches major redaction", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Palestinian rabbinic discussions on the Mishnah are assembled in the work commonly called the Jerusalem or Palestinian Talmud.", "dateLabel": "c. 400 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 400 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 400, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 101, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The text preserves legal reasoning and traditions from rabbinic centers in Roman Palestine.", "world": "Its formation was gradual, and surviving textual transmission is difficult and incomplete." }, "fingerprint": "a1185098", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-jerusalem-talmud", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajerusalem-talmud", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:council-ephesus", "type": "event", "id": "council-ephesus", "label": "The Council of Ephesus", "normalizedLabel": "the council of ephesus", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The council condemns Nestorius and affirms the title Theotokos for Mary within debates about the unity of Christ.", "dateLabel": "431 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "431 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 431, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 102, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Ephesus becomes a major stage in the formation of later Christological traditions.", "world": "The political process was contentious, and churches later remembered the council through divergent theological narratives." }, "fingerprint": "44d9c95b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-council-ephesus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acouncil-ephesus", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:council-chalcedon", "type": "event", "id": "council-chalcedon", "label": "The Council of Chalcedon and Enduring Christian Divisions", "normalizedLabel": "the council of chalcedon and enduring christian divisions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Chalcedon defines Christ as one person in two natures and reorganizes aspects of imperial church authority.", "dateLabel": "451 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "451 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 451, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 103, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The council becomes authoritative for Chalcedonian churches while contributing to lasting divisions with non-Chalcedonian traditions.", "world": "Labels such as “monophysite” can misrepresent the self-understanding of Oriental Orthodox churches." }, "fingerprint": "188b52d9", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-council-chalcedon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acouncil-chalcedon", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:babylonian-talmud", "type": "event", "id": "babylonian-talmud", "label": "The Babylonian Talmud Reaches Its Major Literary Form", "normalizedLabel": "the babylonian talmud reaches its major literary form", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Generations of Babylonian rabbinic discussion are compiled around the Mishnah into the work that becomes the most influential Talmud in later Jewish law and learning.", "dateLabel": "c. 500–600 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 500–600 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 550, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 104, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The Bavli eventually acquires exceptional authority across many Jewish communities.", "world": "Its redaction occurred in stages, and individual passages may preserve materials from different periods." }, "fingerprint": "0776874e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-babylonian-talmud", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ababylonian-talmud", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:rule-benedict", "type": "event", "id": "rule-benedict", "label": "The Rule of Benedict and Western Monastic Life", "normalizedLabel": "the rule of benedict and western monastic life", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The Rule associated with Benedict of Nursia offers a disciplined pattern of prayer, labor, authority, and community.", "dateLabel": "c. 530 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Formations", "late-antiquity-jewish-christian", "c. 530 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 530, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 105, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "It becomes one of the most influential monastic rules in Western Christianity.", "world": "Its widespread dominance developed gradually and did not erase other monastic traditions." }, "fingerprint": "4d15c1f1", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-rule-benedict", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Arule-benedict", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:persian-capture-jerusalem-614", "type": "event", "id": "persian-capture-jerusalem-614", "label": "Persian Capture of Jerusalem", "normalizedLabel": "persian capture of jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Sasanian forces capture Jerusalem during the last great Roman–Persian war, accompanied by severe violence and shifting local alliances.", "dateLabel": "614 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "614 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 614, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 106, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Jewish and Christian memories of the conquest reflect distinct hopes, traumas, and retrospective interpretations.", "world": "The episode belongs to a rapidly changing political landscape before the Muslim conquests." }, "fingerprint": "08d69463", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-persian-capture-jerusalem-614", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apersian-capture-jerusalem-614", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638", "type": "event", "id": "muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638", "label": "Muslim Rule Begins in Jerusalem", "normalizedLabel": "muslim rule begins in jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Jerusalem passes from Byzantine to early Islamic rule during the conquests of the caliphate.", "dateLabel": "638 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "638 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 638, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 107, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Jewish and Christian communities enter new legal and political arrangements under Muslim government.", "world": "Conditions varied over time; neither uninterrupted tolerance nor uninterrupted persecution accurately describes the whole period." }, "fingerprint": "f1f6a18d", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amuslim-conquest-jerusalem-638", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:gaonic-era", "type": "event", "id": "gaonic-era", "label": "The Gaonic Era", "normalizedLabel": "the gaonic era", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The heads of Babylonian academies answer legal questions from dispersed communities and extend the influence of the Babylonian Talmud.", "dateLabel": "c. 650–1040 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "c. 650–1040 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 800, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 108, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Responsa, liturgy, legal interpretation, and institutional correspondence connect Jewish communities across the Islamic world.", "world": "The dates and authority of individual academies shifted over the centuries." }, "fingerprint": "607ce1dc", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-gaonic-era", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Agaonic-era", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:byzantine-iconoclasm", "type": "event", "id": "byzantine-iconoclasm", "label": "Byzantine Iconoclasm", "normalizedLabel": "byzantine iconoclasm", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Imperial campaigns against religious images provoke prolonged theological, political, and monastic conflict in Byzantium.", "dateLabel": "726–843 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "726–843 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 726, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 109, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The restoration of icons becomes central to Eastern Orthodox memory and worship.", "world": "The conflict had multiple phases and cannot be reduced to a simple contest between religion and secular power." }, "fingerprint": "70cf48da", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-byzantine-iconoclasm", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Abyzantine-iconoclasm", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:charlemagne-coronation", "type": "event", "id": "charlemagne-coronation", "label": "Charlemagne Crowned Emperor", "normalizedLabel": "charlemagne crowned emperor", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne in Rome, creating a new Western imperial claim alongside Byzantium.", "dateLabel": "800 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "800 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 800, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 110, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The event intensifies the interaction of papacy, kingship, mission, education, and Christian political identity in Western Europe.", "world": "Its constitutional meaning was contested by contemporaries and later interpreters." }, "fingerprint": "a4aeb3e8", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-charlemagne-coronation", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acharlemagne-coronation", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:masoretic-tradition", "type": "event", "id": "masoretic-tradition", "label": "Masoretic Textual Traditions Mature", "normalizedLabel": "masoretic textual traditions mature", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Masoretic scholars preserve, vocalize, accent, and annotate the Hebrew biblical text in major manuscript traditions.", "dateLabel": "c. 800–1000 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "c. 800–1000 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 900, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 111, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The Tiberian tradition becomes foundational for most later printed Hebrew Bibles.", "world": "The Masoretic Text is a medieval textual tradition with ancient roots, not the only textual form that circulated in antiquity." }, "fingerprint": "995aee48", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-masoretic-tradition", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amasoretic-tradition", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:andalus-jewish-flourishing", "type": "event", "id": "andalus-jewish-flourishing", "label": "Jewish Intellectual and Literary Flourishing in al-Andalus", "normalizedLabel": "jewish intellectual and literary flourishing in al andalus", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Jewish poets, grammarians, physicians, philosophers, and communal leaders participate in the Arabic-speaking culture of Iberia.", "dateLabel": "c. 900–1100 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "c. 900–1100 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1000, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 112, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Hebrew poetry, biblical grammar, philosophy, and courtly culture develop in close interaction with Islamic civilization.", "world": "The term “Golden Age” can obscure political instability, social hierarchy, and episodes of violence." }, "fingerprint": "b5c43856", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-andalus-jewish-flourishing", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aandalus-jewish-flourishing", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:kievan-rus-christianization", "type": "event", "id": "kievan-rus-christianization", "label": "The Christianization of Kievan Rus’", "normalizedLabel": "the christianization of kievan rus", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The baptism associated with Vladimir of Kyiv links the Rus’ polity to Byzantine Christianity.", "dateLabel": "988 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "988 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 988, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 113, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Eastern Christian liturgy, art, law, and ecclesiastical culture spread through the region.", "world": "Conversion was gradual and later national traditions interpret the inheritance differently." }, "fingerprint": "c54d6610", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-kievan-rus-christianization", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Akievan-rus-christianization", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:east-west-schism", "type": "event", "id": "east-west-schism", "label": "The East–West Schism as a Symbolic Milestone", "normalizedLabel": "the east west schism as a symbolic milestone", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Mutual excommunications in 1054 become a symbolic date for the widening estrangement between Latin West and Greek East.", "dateLabel": "1054 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1054 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1054, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 114, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Differences in authority, language, liturgy, politics, and theology accumulate across centuries.", "world": "There was no single day when all Eastern and Western Christians abruptly ceased communion." }, "fingerprint": "f40c1277", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-east-west-schism", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aeast-west-schism", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:rashi-life", "type": "event", "id": "rashi-life", "label": "Rashi and the Classical Jewish Commentary Tradition", "normalizedLabel": "rashi and the classical jewish commentary tradition", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Rashi’s commentaries on the Hebrew Bible and Babylonian Talmud become central tools of Jewish study.", "dateLabel": "1040–1105 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1040–1105 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1040, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 115, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "His concise explanations shape later interpretation across Ashkenazi and wider Jewish communities.", "world": "Later printed pages surround Rashi with centuries of additional commentary, which should not be confused with his own text." }, "fingerprint": "6d77a42f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-rashi-life", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Arashi-life", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:first-crusade-rhineland", "type": "event", "id": "first-crusade-rhineland", "label": "First Crusade and the Rhineland Massacres", "normalizedLabel": "first crusade and the rhineland massacres", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Crusading armies and local mobs attack Jewish communities in the Rhineland while armies move toward the eastern Mediterranean.", "dateLabel": "1096 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1096 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1096, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 116, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The killings become a major trauma in Ashkenazi Jewish memory and expose the violent consequences of crusading ideology.", "world": "Accounts differ in detail, and the crusade was not one centrally controlled movement." }, "fingerprint": "c2025627", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-first-crusade-rhineland", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afirst-crusade-rhineland", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:crusader-capture-jerusalem", "type": "event", "id": "crusader-capture-jerusalem", "label": "Crusaders Capture Jerusalem", "normalizedLabel": "crusaders capture jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Crusader forces seize Jerusalem and kill many Muslim and Jewish inhabitants before establishing a Latin Christian kingdom.", "dateLabel": "1099 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1099 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1099, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 117, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The conquest reshapes Christian, Jewish, and Muslim access to the city and its sacred spaces.", "world": "Medieval sources use rhetorical casualty figures that require critical evaluation." }, "fingerprint": "dbb199d8", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-crusader-capture-jerusalem", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acrusader-capture-jerusalem", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:maimonides-life", "type": "event", "id": "maimonides-life", "label": "Maimonides: Law, Philosophy, and Communal Leadership", "normalizedLabel": "maimonides law philosophy and communal leadership", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Moses Maimonides writes the Mishneh Torah, Guide of the Perplexed, medical works, and communal letters across the western Islamic and Egyptian worlds.", "dateLabel": "1138–1204 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1138–1204 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1138, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 118, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "His legal codification and philosophical synthesis become central—and sometimes controversial—within Jewish intellectual history.", "world": "Details of his birth year and some biographical episodes are debated." }, "fingerprint": "73f839d2", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-maimonides-life", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amaimonides-life", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:fourth-crusade-1204", "type": "event", "id": "fourth-crusade-1204", "label": "The Fourth Crusade Sacks Constantinople", "normalizedLabel": "the fourth crusade sacks constantinople", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Latin crusaders capture and plunder Constantinople, displacing Byzantine rule and deepening Eastern–Western hostility.", "dateLabel": "1204 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1204 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1204, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 119, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The sack becomes a lasting wound in Orthodox–Catholic relations.", "world": "The event arose from political and financial contingencies as well as crusading ideology." }, "fingerprint": "1588915f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-fourth-crusade-1204", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afourth-crusade-1204", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:fourth-lateran-council", "type": "event", "id": "fourth-lateran-council", "label": "Fourth Lateran Council and Confessional Regulation", "normalizedLabel": "fourth lateran council and confessional regulation", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The council defines reforms and doctrines for Latin Christianity while also imposing distinctive dress and other restrictions on Jews and Muslims.", "dateLabel": "1215 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1215 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1215, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 120, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The decrees become influential in church governance and minority regulation.", "world": "Local enforcement varied, and later practices cannot all be attributed to one council." }, "fingerprint": "19e03be8", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-fourth-lateran-council", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afourth-lateran-council", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:england-expulsion-jews", "type": "event", "id": "england-expulsion-jews", "label": "Expulsion of Jews from England", "normalizedLabel": "expulsion of jews from england", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Edward I orders the expulsion of Jews from England after decades of taxation, legal restriction, debt politics, and persecution.", "dateLabel": "1290 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1290 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1290, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 121, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The expulsion ends an established medieval Jewish community until resettlement in the seventeenth century.", "world": "Individual experiences and routes of migration are unevenly documented." }, "fingerprint": "f8d430ff", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-england-expulsion-jews", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aengland-expulsion-jews", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:black-death-jewish-persecution", "type": "event", "id": "black-death-jewish-persecution", "label": "Black Death and Mass Persecution of Jewish Communities", "normalizedLabel": "black death and mass persecution of jewish communities", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "During the plague, false accusations of well poisoning and other conspiracies contribute to expulsions and massacres across parts of Europe.", "dateLabel": "1348–1351 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1348–1351 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1349, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 122, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The violence shows how crisis, inherited anti-Jewish ideas, debt, and political opportunism interacted.", "world": "Patterns varied regionally, and Jews were also victims of the plague itself." }, "fingerprint": "39886192", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-black-death-jewish-persecution", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ablack-death-jewish-persecution", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:western-schism", "type": "event", "id": "western-schism", "label": "The Western Schism", "normalizedLabel": "the western schism", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Competing papal obediences divide Latin Christianity until the Council of Constance restores a single recognized papal line.", "dateLabel": "1378–1417 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1378–1417 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1378, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 123, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The crisis stimulates conciliar theories and challenges claims about church governance.", "world": "This Western conflict should not be confused with the earlier East–West schism." }, "fingerprint": "f3e6c858", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-western-schism", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Awestern-schism", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:fall-constantinople", "type": "event", "id": "fall-constantinople", "label": "Fall of Constantinople", "normalizedLabel": "fall of constantinople", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Ottoman forces capture Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and transforming the political setting of Eastern Christianity.", "dateLabel": "1453 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1453 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1453, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 124, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Orthodox institutions continue under Ottoman rule while scholars, texts, and communities move through new networks.", "world": "The event did not end Orthodox Christianity or produce a simple one-way transfer of learning to the West." }, "fingerprint": "6a89557f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-fall-constantinople", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afall-constantinople", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:gutenberg-bible", "type": "event", "id": "gutenberg-bible", "label": "The Gutenberg Bible and Movable-Type Printing", "normalizedLabel": "the gutenberg bible and movable type printing", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The Latin Vulgate is produced with movable metal type in Mainz, demonstrating the transformative capacity of European print.", "dateLabel": "1454–1456 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1454–1456 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "loc-gutenberg-bible" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1455, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 125, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Printing accelerates the reproduction, standardization, circulation, and debate surrounding biblical and religious texts.", "world": "The Gutenberg Bible was not the first printed book in world history, and manuscript culture continued." }, "fingerprint": "e069166f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-gutenberg-bible", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Agutenberg-bible", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:spanish-inquisition", "type": "event", "id": "spanish-inquisition", "label": "The Spanish Inquisition", "normalizedLabel": "the spanish inquisition", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The monarchy establishes an inquisition chiefly concerned with the orthodoxy of baptized Christians, including converts from Judaism and Islam.", "dateLabel": "1478 CE onward", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1478 CE onward" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1478, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 126, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The institution shapes the lives of conversos, old Christians, and later religious minorities across Spanish territories.", "world": "It was not identical to every medieval inquisition, and modern popular accounts often collapse different institutions." }, "fingerprint": "655e035d", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-spanish-inquisition", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aspanish-inquisition", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:expulsion-spain-1492", "type": "event", "id": "expulsion-spain-1492", "label": "Expulsion of Jews from Spain", "normalizedLabel": "expulsion of jews from spain", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The Alhambra Decree orders practicing Jews to convert or leave the Spanish kingdoms.", "dateLabel": "1492 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1492 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1492, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 127, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Sephardic communities disperse through North Africa, the Ottoman Empire, Italy, the Netherlands, and elsewhere.", "world": "Migration routes, conversion choices, and property losses differed greatly among families." }, "fingerprint": "b5fa90a6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-expulsion-spain-1492", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aexpulsion-spain-1492", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:ottoman-sephardic-resettlement", "type": "event", "id": "ottoman-sephardic-resettlement", "label": "Sephardic Resettlement in the Ottoman World", "normalizedLabel": "sephardic resettlement in the ottoman world", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Sephardic exiles establish or enlarge communities in cities including Salonica, Constantinople, Safed, and Sarajevo.", "dateLabel": "c. 1492 onward", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "c. 1492 onward" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic", "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1493, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 128, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Ladino culture, commerce, printing, rabbinic learning, and communal institutions develop across Ottoman lands.", "world": "Ottoman policy and local conditions were not uniformly welcoming in every place or period." }, "fingerprint": "34814594", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-ottoman-sephardic-resettlement", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aottoman-sephardic-resettlement", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:portugal-forced-conversion", "type": "event", "id": "portugal-forced-conversion", "label": "Forced Conversion and Departure in Portugal", "normalizedLabel": "forced conversion and departure in portugal", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Portuguese royal policy prevents many Jews from leaving and imposes mass baptism, creating a large New Christian population.", "dateLabel": "1497 CE", "periodHints": [ "Medieval Jewish and Christian Worlds", "medieval-jewish-christian", "1497 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1497, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 129, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Crypto-Judaism, migration, inquisitorial scrutiny, and diaspora communities become major features of early modern Jewish history.", "world": "The legal process combined expulsion orders, coercion, family separation, and conversion in complex ways." }, "fingerprint": "482301bb", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-portugal-forced-conversion", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aportugal-forced-conversion", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:reformation-1517", "type": "event", "id": "reformation-1517", "label": "The Protestant Reformation Begins as a Public Crisis", "normalizedLabel": "the protestant reformation begins as a public crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Martin Luther’s challenge to indulgence preaching becomes a wider dispute over authority, justification, sacraments, scripture, and reform.", "dateLabel": "1517 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1517 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1517, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 130, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "New Lutheran and later Reformed churches emerge while Catholic reform develops in response.", "world": "The Reformation had many origins and actors and cannot be reduced to one document or one man." }, "fingerprint": "67b321ca", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-reformation-1517", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Areformation-1517", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:diet-worms", "type": "event", "id": "diet-worms", "label": "The Diet of Worms", "normalizedLabel": "the diet of worms", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Luther refuses to recant writings unless persuaded by scripture or reason and is placed under imperial ban.", "dateLabel": "1521 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1521 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1521, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 131, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The hearing crystallizes conflicts among reform, imperial law, papal authority, and territorial politics.", "world": "Famous formulations of Luther’s speech are partly shaped by later tradition." }, "fingerprint": "94ff800b", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-diet-worms", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adiet-worms", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:english-reformation", "type": "event", "id": "english-reformation", "label": "The English Reformation and Royal Supremacy", "normalizedLabel": "the english reformation and royal supremacy", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The Act of Supremacy recognizes Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England.", "dateLabel": "1534 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1534 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1534, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 132, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "English religious change proceeds through reversals, liturgical reform, monastic dissolution, and later Protestant settlement.", "world": "The break with Rome was initially dynastic and jurisdictional as well as theological." }, "fingerprint": "35aab9b0", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-english-reformation", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aenglish-reformation", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:council-trent", "type": "event", "id": "council-trent", "label": "The Council of Trent", "normalizedLabel": "the council of trent", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Catholic bishops define doctrine and enact reforms concerning scripture, sacraments, clergy, worship, and church discipline.", "dateLabel": "1545–1563 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1545–1563 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1545, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 133, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Trent becomes a central reference point for early modern Catholic reform and confessional identity.", "world": "Implementation differed across regions and extended well beyond the council’s closing." }, "fingerprint": "39f1a9e6", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-council-trent", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Acouncil-trent", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:safed-kabbalah", "type": "event", "id": "safed-kabbalah", "label": "Safed and the Transformation of Kabbalah", "normalizedLabel": "safed and the transformation of kabbalah", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Scholars in Ottoman Safed develop influential mystical systems, liturgy, poetry, legal writing, and communal institutions.", "dateLabel": "c. 1550–1600 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "c. 1550–1600 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1570, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 134, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The teachings associated with Moses Cordovero and Isaac Luria reshape later Jewish spirituality.", "world": "“Lurianic Kabbalah” was transmitted through students and later texts rather than a complete work authored by Luria." }, "fingerprint": "f1910874", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-safed-kabbalah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asafed-kabbalah", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:peace-augsburg", "type": "event", "id": "peace-augsburg", "label": "Peace of Augsburg", "normalizedLabel": "peace of augsburg", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The settlement grants legal recognition to Lutheranism within the Holy Roman Empire under a territorial framework.", "dateLabel": "1555 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1555 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1555, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 135, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "It temporarily regulates Catholic–Lutheran coexistence while excluding other confessions.", "world": "The agreement did not create modern religious freedom and left major disputes unresolved." }, "fingerprint": "96ac85af", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-peace-augsburg", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apeace-augsburg", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:shulchan-aruch", "type": "event", "id": "shulchan-aruch", "label": "The Shulchan Aruch", "normalizedLabel": "the shulchan aruch", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Joseph Karo publishes a concise legal code later accompanied by Moses Isserles’s Ashkenazi glosses.", "dateLabel": "1563–1565 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1563–1565 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1565, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 136, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The combined work becomes a central reference for many later Jewish legal decisions.", "world": "Jewish law remained a living interpretive tradition and was not reduced to one code." }, "fingerprint": "bb92832d", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-shulchan-aruch", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ashulchan-aruch", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:gregorian-calendar", "type": "event", "id": "gregorian-calendar", "label": "Gregorian Calendar Reform", "normalizedLabel": "gregorian calendar reform", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Pope Gregory XIII promulgates a calendar reform correcting accumulated drift and refining the calculation of Easter.", "dateLabel": "1582 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1582 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1582, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 137, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Catholic states adopt the calendar first, while Protestant and Orthodox societies adopt it at different times or retain other liturgical calendars.", "world": "Calendar adoption was staggered and civil and ecclesiastical practice did not change everywhere together." }, "fingerprint": "46c0f7dc", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-gregorian-calendar", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Agregorian-calendar", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:thirty-years-war", "type": "event", "id": "thirty-years-war", "label": "The Thirty Years’ War", "normalizedLabel": "the thirty years war", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "A conflict beginning within the Holy Roman Empire expands into a devastating European war involving confessional, dynastic, and geopolitical interests.", "dateLabel": "1618–1648 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1618–1648 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1618, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 138, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The war transforms Christian political arrangements and the relationship between confession and state power.", "world": "It was not simply a war of Catholics against Protestants; alliances repeatedly crossed confessional lines." }, "fingerprint": "a073d85f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-thirty-years-war", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Athirty-years-war", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:khmelnytsky-uprising", "type": "event", "id": "khmelnytsky-uprising", "label": "Khmelnytsky Uprising and Catastrophe for Jewish Communities", "normalizedLabel": "khmelnytsky uprising and catastrophe for jewish communities", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Cossack rebellion and regional warfare bring mass violence against Jewish communities in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "dateLabel": "1648–1649 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1648–1649 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1648, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 139, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The events become a major trauma in Ashkenazi memory and religious literature.", "world": "Victim estimates vary widely, and violence involved multiple armies, regions, and stages." }, "fingerprint": "5bdedb18", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-khmelnytsky-uprising", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Akhmelnytsky-uprising", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:sabbatai-zevi", "type": "event", "id": "sabbatai-zevi", "label": "The Sabbatai Zevi Movement", "normalizedLabel": "the sabbatai zevi movement", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Claims that Sabbatai Zevi is the messiah spread rapidly through Jewish communities before his conversion to Islam under Ottoman pressure.", "dateLabel": "1665–1666 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1665–1666 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1665, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 140, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The movement exposes the power of messianic expectation, communication networks, and post-crisis religious longing.", "world": "Participation and belief varied, and later polemics shaped the surviving record." }, "fingerprint": "eed880bf", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-sabbatai-zevi", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asabbatai-zevi", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:first-great-awakening", "type": "event", "id": "first-great-awakening", "label": "The First Great Awakening", "normalizedLabel": "the first great awakening", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Revival preaching and new networks reshape Protestant life in Britain and the North American colonies.", "dateLabel": "c. 1730s–1740s", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "c. 1730s–1740s" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1740, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 141, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The movement emphasizes conversion experience, itinerant preaching, lay participation, and transatlantic communication.", "world": "It was a collection of regional revivals rather than one centrally organized campaign." }, "fingerprint": "09b5f064", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-first-great-awakening", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afirst-great-awakening", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:rise-hasidism", "type": "event", "id": "rise-hasidism", "label": "The Rise of Hasidism", "normalizedLabel": "the rise of hasidism", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Movements associated with the Baal Shem Tov and later leaders spread new forms of devotional community, storytelling, prayer, and charismatic authority.", "dateLabel": "c. 1740–1800 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "c. 1740–1800 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1760, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 142, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Hasidic courts and opponents reshape Eastern European Jewish life.", "world": "Early biographies are hagiographic, and Hasidism developed through several distinct schools." }, "fingerprint": "b59aee62", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-rise-hasidism", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Arise-hasidism", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:haskalah", "type": "event", "id": "haskalah", "label": "The Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment", "normalizedLabel": "the haskalah or jewish enlightenment", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Jewish intellectuals promote new approaches to education, language, civic participation, and engagement with European culture.", "dateLabel": "c. 1770–1830 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "c. 1770–1830 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1780, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 143, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The Haskalah contributes to later religious reform, secular Jewish culture, nationalism, and educational change.", "world": "Its forms differed across German, Eastern European, and other Jewish settings." }, "fingerprint": "d266939c", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-haskalah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahaskalah", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:french-jewish-emancipation", "type": "event", "id": "french-jewish-emancipation", "label": "Jewish Emancipation in Revolutionary France", "normalizedLabel": "jewish emancipation in revolutionary france", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The National Assembly grants equal citizenship to Jews in France.", "dateLabel": "1791 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1791 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1791, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 144, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The decision becomes a major landmark in debates over individual rights, communal autonomy, and Jewish integration in modern states.", "world": "Legal equality did not end social prejudice or antisemitism." }, "fingerprint": "538fca79", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-french-jewish-emancipation", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afrench-jewish-emancipation", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:modern-protestant-missions", "type": "event", "id": "modern-protestant-missions", "label": "The Modern Protestant Missionary Movement", "normalizedLabel": "the modern protestant missionary movement", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The Baptist Missionary Society and related voluntary organizations signal a new phase of organized Protestant global mission.", "dateLabel": "1792 CE onward", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1792 CE onward" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation", "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1792, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 145, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Missions contribute to translation, education, medicine, colonial encounters, and the formation of indigenous churches.", "world": "Missionaries were entangled with empire in diverse ways, and local Christians were never merely passive recipients." }, "fingerprint": "d7c5b8dd", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-modern-protestant-missions", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Amodern-protestant-missions", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:napoleon-grand-sanhedrin", "type": "event", "id": "napoleon-grand-sanhedrin", "label": "Napoleon’s Assembly of Jewish Notables and Grand Sanhedrin", "normalizedLabel": "napoleon s assembly of jewish notables and grand sanhedrin", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Napoleon convenes Jewish representatives to answer questions about citizenship, law, marriage, and political loyalty.", "dateLabel": "1806–1807 CE", "periodHints": [ "Reformation and Early Modern Transformations", "early-modern-jewish-christian", "1806–1807 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1806, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 146, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The episode dramatizes the opportunities and pressures of emancipation under the modern state.", "world": "The assembly was a state-directed institution, not a restoration of the ancient Sanhedrin’s authority." }, "fingerprint": "9de18841", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-napoleon-grand-sanhedrin", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Anapoleon-grand-sanhedrin", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:hamburg-temple", "type": "event", "id": "hamburg-temple", "label": "Hamburg Temple and Early Reform Judaism", "normalizedLabel": "hamburg temple and early reform judaism", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "A new congregation adopts liturgical and theological reforms, becoming a landmark in the history of Reform Judaism.", "dateLabel": "1818 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1818 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1818, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 147, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Debates over prayer language, messianic hope, ritual, and authority intensify across European Jewish communities.", "world": "Reform Judaism developed through multiple centers and cannot be reduced to one congregation." }, "fingerprint": "3a70948d", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-hamburg-temple", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahamburg-temple", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:wissenschaft-judentums", "type": "event", "id": "wissenschaft-judentums", "label": "Wissenschaft des Judentums", "normalizedLabel": "wissenschaft des judentums", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Jewish scholars apply historical, philological, and critical methods to Jewish texts and history.", "dateLabel": "1818 CE onward", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1818 CE onward" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1818, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 148, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The movement helps establish modern Jewish studies and influences religious, secular, and academic interpretations.", "world": "Its early practitioners worked under institutional exclusion and often carried assumptions of their own period." }, "fingerprint": "0d3456ef", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-wissenschaft-judentums", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Awissenschaft-judentums", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:damascus-affair", "type": "event", "id": "damascus-affair", "label": "The Damascus Affair", "normalizedLabel": "the damascus affair", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "A blood-libel accusation leads to arrests and torture of Jews in Damascus and prompts international Jewish intervention.", "dateLabel": "1840 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1840 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1840, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 149, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The crisis helps stimulate modern transnational Jewish advocacy.", "world": "Contemporary diplomatic and communal accounts reflect competing political agendas." }, "fingerprint": "a470de66", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-damascus-affair", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adamascus-affair", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:first-vatican-council", "type": "event", "id": "first-vatican-council", "label": "The First Vatican Council", "normalizedLabel": "the first vatican council", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The council defines papal primacy and infallibility under specified conditions before war interrupts the assembly.", "dateLabel": "1869–1870 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1869–1870 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1869, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 150, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Its definitions shape modern Catholic debates over authority, episcopacy, and church–state relations.", "world": "Papal infallibility does not mean every papal statement is treated as infallible." }, "fingerprint": "13e306ae", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-first-vatican-council", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afirst-vatican-council", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:russian-pogroms-first-aliyah", "type": "event", "id": "russian-pogroms-first-aliyah", "label": "Russian Pogroms and the First Aliyah", "normalizedLabel": "russian pogroms and the first aliyah", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Violence and restrictive policy in the Russian Empire coincide with new migration movements, including early Zionist settlement in Ottoman Palestine.", "dateLabel": "1881–1884 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1881–1884 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1881, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 151, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The period reshapes Jewish migration to North America, Western Europe, and Palestine.", "world": "Migration had multiple economic, political, religious, and familial causes." }, "fingerprint": "79aa9534", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-russian-pogroms-first-aliyah", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Arussian-pogroms-first-aliyah", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:hebrew-language-revival", "type": "event", "id": "hebrew-language-revival", "label": "Revival of Hebrew as a Modern Spoken Language", "normalizedLabel": "revival of hebrew as a modern spoken language", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Writers, educators, families, institutions, and language committees expand Hebrew from liturgical and literary use into modern public speech.", "dateLabel": "c. 1880s–1922 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "c. 1880s–1922 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1890, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 152, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The revival becomes central to the developing Yishuv and later Israeli culture.", "world": "No single individual created the process, and Hebrew had never ceased to be written and spoken in limited settings." }, "fingerprint": "ce1d9408", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-hebrew-language-revival", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ahebrew-language-revival", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:dreyfus-affair", "type": "event", "id": "dreyfus-affair", "label": "The Dreyfus Affair", "normalizedLabel": "the dreyfus affair", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "French Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus is wrongfully convicted of treason amid an intense antisemitic political campaign before eventual exoneration.", "dateLabel": "1894–1906 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1894–1906 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-dreyfus", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1894, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 153, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The affair polarizes France and influences modern Jewish political thought, including Zionism.", "world": "Its impact on any one thinker, including Theodor Herzl, should not be reduced to a single causal moment." }, "fingerprint": "122c82c3", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-dreyfus-affair", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adreyfus-affair", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:first-zionist-congress", "type": "event", "id": "first-zionist-congress", "label": "The First Zionist Congress", "normalizedLabel": "the first zionist congress", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Delegates meeting in Basel establish a political program and institutions for the Zionist movement.", "dateLabel": "1897 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1897 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1897, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 154, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Zionism develops as a diverse family of movements seeking Jewish national renewal and security.", "world": "Zionists disagreed over religion, territory, diplomacy, socialism, culture, and the relationship with Palestine’s Arab population." }, "fingerprint": "7ff96580", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-first-zionist-congress", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Afirst-zionist-congress", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:azusa-street", "type": "event", "id": "azusa-street", "label": "The Azusa Street Revival and Global Pentecostalism", "normalizedLabel": "the azusa street revival and global pentecostalism", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "A multiracial revival in Los Angeles becomes a major node in the rapid spread of Pentecostal Christianity.", "dateLabel": "1906 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1906 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1906, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 155, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Pentecostal and charismatic movements later grow across Latin America, Africa, Asia, and many established denominations.", "world": "Pentecostal origins include several earlier and parallel movements, not one location alone." }, "fingerprint": "a556340c", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-azusa-street", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aazusa-street", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:edinburgh-missionary-conference", "type": "event", "id": "edinburgh-missionary-conference", "label": "Edinburgh World Missionary Conference", "normalizedLabel": "edinburgh world missionary conference", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Protestant missionary leaders meet in Edinburgh to coordinate strategy and discuss global Christian cooperation.", "dateLabel": "1910 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1910 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1910, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 156, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The conference becomes an important precursor to twentieth-century ecumenical institutions.", "world": "Representation was heavily Western, and many indigenous Christian voices were underrepresented." }, "fingerprint": "12df5a2f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-edinburgh-missionary-conference", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aedinburgh-missionary-conference", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:armenian-genocide", "type": "event", "id": "armenian-genocide", "label": "Armenian Genocide and the Destruction of Christian Communities", "normalizedLabel": "armenian genocide and the destruction of christian communities", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Ottoman authorities deport and kill Armenians on a mass scale during the First World War, alongside violence against Assyrian and Greek Christians.", "dateLabel": "1915–1917 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1915–1917 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-armenian-genocide", "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1915, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 157, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The catastrophe transforms ancient Christian communities and creates far-reaching diasporas.", "world": "Terminology and responsibility remain politically contested, but the mass deportations and killings are extensively documented." }, "fingerprint": "26982c6f", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-armenian-genocide", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aarmenian-genocide", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:balfour-declaration", "type": "event", "id": "balfour-declaration", "label": "The Balfour Declaration", "normalizedLabel": "the balfour declaration", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The British government declares support for a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine while referring to the rights of existing non-Jewish communities.", "dateLabel": "1917 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1917 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-balfour-aftermath", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1917, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 158, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The declaration becomes a major document in Zionist, British imperial, Jewish, and Palestinian history.", "world": "It was a policy statement, not the creation of a state or a settled constitutional arrangement." }, "fingerprint": "768d0717", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-balfour-declaration", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Abalfour-declaration", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:russian-revolution-religion", "type": "event", "id": "russian-revolution-religion", "label": "Revolution, Soviet Rule, and Religious Repression", "normalizedLabel": "revolution soviet rule and religious repression", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The Bolshevik Revolution inaugurates an officially atheist state that restricts Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, and other religious institutions.", "dateLabel": "1917 CE onward", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1917 CE onward" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1917, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 159, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Religious life survives through adaptation, underground practice, negotiated institutions, and diaspora.", "world": "Policies varied across decades, regions, and religious communities." }, "fingerprint": "1fe16182", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-russian-revolution-religion", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Arussian-revolution-religion", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:british-mandate-palestine", "type": "event", "id": "british-mandate-palestine", "label": "The British Mandate in Palestine", "normalizedLabel": "the british mandate in palestine", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "British rule implements an international mandate amid growing Jewish immigration, Zionist institution-building, Palestinian Arab opposition, and intercommunal conflict.", "dateLabel": "1920–1948 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1920–1948 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-balfour-aftermath", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1920, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 160, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The period is central to the formation of modern Israeli and Palestinian national histories.", "world": "British policy shifted repeatedly, and neither national community was internally uniform." }, "fingerprint": "716e90b5", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-british-mandate-palestine", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Abritish-mandate-palestine", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:holocaust", "type": "event", "id": "holocaust", "label": "The Holocaust", "normalizedLabel": "the holocaust", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators systematically persecute and murder six million Jews across Europe.", "dateLabel": "1933–1945 CE", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "1933–1945 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-holocaust-timeline" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1933, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 161, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The Holocaust destroys communities, transforms Jewish demography and memory, and becomes a central subject of modern ethics, theology, law, and historical scholarship.", "world": "Jewish victims must remain central while also recognizing the millions of other people persecuted and murdered by Nazi rule." }, "fingerprint": "d2069178", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-holocaust", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aholocaust", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:global-christianity-south", "type": "event", "id": "global-christianity-south", "label": "Christianity Becomes Increasingly Global and Southern", "normalizedLabel": "christianity becomes increasingly global and southern", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Christian populations and institutions grow rapidly in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific while many European societies secularize.", "dateLabel": "c. 1900–present", "periodHints": [ "Modern Jewish and Christian History", "modern-jewish-christian", "c. 1900–present" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1950, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 162, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Pentecostal, Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, and independent churches develop diverse local forms and global networks.", "world": "“Global South” is a broad analytical category and should not conceal regional diversity or older non-Western Christian traditions." }, "fingerprint": "7f6d62ee", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-global-christianity-south", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aglobal-christianity-south", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:dead-sea-scrolls-discovery", "type": "event", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-discovery", "label": "Discovery and Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls", "normalizedLabel": "discovery and study of the dead sea scrolls", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Manuscripts found in the Judean Desert transform the study of the Hebrew Bible, Second Temple Judaism, Jewish sectarianism, and the background of early Christianity.", "dateLabel": "1947 CE onward", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "1947 CE onward" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "iaa-dead-sea-scrolls-intro", "cambridge-judaism-modern", "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1947, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 163, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The scrolls provide ancient witnesses to textual plurality and Jewish religious diversity.", "world": "The corpus combines controlled excavations with early discoveries and antiquities-market histories, requiring manuscript-specific provenance assessment." }, "fingerprint": "8de0927e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-dead-sea-scrolls-discovery", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Adead-sea-scrolls-discovery", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:un-partition-1947", "type": "event", "id": "un-partition-1947", "label": "United Nations Partition Resolution", "normalizedLabel": "united nations partition resolution", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "The United Nations General Assembly recommends partition of Mandatory Palestine into Jewish and Arab states with an international regime for Jerusalem.", "dateLabel": "29 November 1947", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "29 November 1947" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "un-resolution-181" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1947, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 164, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The resolution becomes a major diplomatic milestone in Israeli and Palestinian history.", "world": "It was a recommendation whose proposed territorial and political arrangements were not implemented as written." }, "fingerprint": "b87baa49", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-un-partition-1947", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aun-partition-1947", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:state-israel-1948", "type": "event", "id": "state-israel-1948", "label": "Establishment of the State of Israel and the 1948 War", "normalizedLabel": "establishment of the state of israel and the 1948 war", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Jewish leaders declare the State of Israel as the British Mandate ends; regional war follows and large numbers of Palestinian Arabs are displaced or become refugees.", "dateLabel": "14 May 1948", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "14 May 1948" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "knesset-israel-declaration", "un-resolution-181", "ushmm-balfour-aftermath" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1948, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 165, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The event establishes Jewish sovereignty and radically transforms Jewish, Palestinian, and Middle Eastern history.", "world": "Israeli independence and Palestinian Nakba memory describe different experiences of the same war and should not be collapsed into one triumphalist or dismissive narrative." }, "fingerprint": "f15e8391", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-state-israel-1948", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Astate-israel-1948", "connectionCount": 16 }, { "canonicalId": "event:world-council-churches", "type": "event", "id": "world-council-churches", "label": "World Council of Churches Founded", "normalizedLabel": "world council of churches founded", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Representatives of 147 churches constitute the World Council of Churches at Amsterdam.", "dateLabel": "23 August 1948", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "23 August 1948" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "wcc-history" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1948, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 166, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The WCC becomes a major institutional expression of the modern ecumenical movement among Orthodox, Anglican, Protestant, and united churches.", "world": "The Roman Catholic Church is not a member church, and the WCC is not a global super-church." }, "fingerprint": "71a7c43e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-world-council-churches", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aworld-council-churches", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:postwar-jewish-demography", "type": "event", "id": "postwar-jewish-demography", "label": "Postwar Jewish Demographic and Communal Reconfiguration", "normalizedLabel": "postwar jewish demographic and communal reconfiguration", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Holocaust survivors, refugees, migration from Europe and the Middle East, and the growth of Israel and North American communities reshape world Jewry.", "dateLabel": "c. 1945–present", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "c. 1945–present" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern", "ushmm-balfour-aftermath" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1950, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 167, "historyTrack": "jewish", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi, Ethiopian, Soviet, and other communities form new social and political relationships.", "world": "The process cannot be reduced to movement toward one destination; Jewish communities remain global and internally diverse." }, "fingerprint": "4d942360", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-postwar-jewish-demography", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apostwar-jewish-demography", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:vatican-ii", "type": "event", "id": "vatican-ii", "label": "The Second Vatican Council", "normalizedLabel": "the second vatican council", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Catholic bishops from around the world address liturgy, revelation, ecclesiology, religious liberty, ecumenism, and the church’s relationship to the modern world.", "dateLabel": "1962–1965 CE", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "1962–1965 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-vatican-ii-close" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1962, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 168, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The council reshapes Catholic worship, institutions, theology, and relations with other Christians and religions.", "world": "Interpretation and implementation remain contested across Catholic communities." }, "fingerprint": "b8479999", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-vatican-ii", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Avatican-ii", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:nostra-aetate", "type": "event", "id": "nostra-aetate", "label": "Nostra Aetate and Catholic–Jewish Relations", "normalizedLabel": "nostra aetate and catholic jewish relations", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Vatican II repudiates collective Jewish guilt for the death of Jesus, deplores antisemitism, and calls for mutual understanding and biblical study.", "dateLabel": "28 October 1965", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "28 October 1965" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-nostra-aetate" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1965, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 169, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The declaration becomes a decisive institutional turning point in modern Catholic–Jewish relations.", "world": "The document did not erase older prejudices or settle every theological and political question." }, "fingerprint": "d2206492", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-nostra-aetate", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Anostra-aetate", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:six-day-war", "type": "event", "id": "six-day-war", "label": "The Six-Day War and Jerusalem", "normalizedLabel": "the six day war and jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Israel defeats neighboring Arab armies and takes control of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, and the Golan Heights.", "dateLabel": "June 1967", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "June 1967" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1967, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 170, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Access to Jerusalem’s holy sites, Israeli settlement, Palestinian life under occupation, and religious-national interpretations become enduring issues.", "world": "The war’s causes, legal consequences, and territorial claims remain intensely disputed." }, "fingerprint": "55d008d3", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-six-day-war", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asix-day-war", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:lausanne-congress", "type": "event", "id": "lausanne-congress", "label": "The Lausanne Congress and Covenant", "normalizedLabel": "the lausanne congress and covenant", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Evangelical leaders from more than 150 nations meet to discuss world evangelization and adopt the Lausanne Covenant.", "dateLabel": "1974 CE", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "1974 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "lausanne-1974" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1974, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 171, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The congress strengthens global evangelical cooperation and reflection on mission and social responsibility.", "world": "The movement represents influential evangelical networks but not all Christian traditions." }, "fingerprint": "9b4b9836", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-lausanne-congress", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Alausanne-congress", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:soviet-collapse-jewish-emigration", "type": "event", "id": "soviet-collapse-jewish-emigration", "label": "Collapse of the Soviet Bloc and Religious Reopening", "normalizedLabel": "collapse of the soviet bloc and religious reopening", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The weakening and collapse of communist regimes permits renewed public religious life and large-scale Jewish emigration from the former Soviet Union.", "dateLabel": "1989–1991 CE", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "1989–1991 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern", "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 1990, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 172, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and other communities rebuild institutions under radically changed political conditions.", "world": "The transition also produced conflict, economic upheaval, and uneven religious freedom." }, "fingerprint": "03d1d7ba", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-soviet-collapse-jewish-emigration", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Asoviet-collapse-jewish-emigration", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:john-paul-western-wall", "type": "event", "id": "john-paul-western-wall", "label": "Pope John Paul II Prays at the Western Wall", "normalizedLabel": "pope john paul ii prays at the western wall", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "John Paul II places a written prayer for forgiveness at Jerusalem’s Western Wall during a pilgrimage to Israel.", "dateLabel": "26 March 2000", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "26 March 2000" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-jp2-western-wall", "vatican-nostra-aetate" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 2000, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 173, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The gesture symbolizes the deepening of post–Vatican II Catholic–Jewish dialogue and remembrance of the Holocaust.", "world": "Symbolic acts do not by themselves resolve theological disagreements or political conflict." }, "fingerprint": "774675fe", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-john-paul-western-wall", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Ajohn-paul-western-wall", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:pope-francis-election", "type": "event", "id": "pope-francis-election", "label": "Pope Francis Elected", "normalizedLabel": "pope francis elected", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina is elected bishop of Rome, becoming the first pope from Latin America and the first Jesuit pope.", "dateLabel": "13 March 2013", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "13 March 2013" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-francis-biography", "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 2013, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 174, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "His pontificate emphasizes pastoral reform, poverty, migration, ecology, synodality, and global Catholic concerns.", "world": "Assessments of his reforms and legacy differ strongly within and beyond Catholicism." }, "fingerprint": "f2ba5524", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-pope-francis-election", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apope-francis-election", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:october-7-gaza-war", "type": "event", "id": "october-7-gaza-war", "label": "October 7 Attack and the Gaza War", "normalizedLabel": "october 7 attack and the gaza war", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Hamas-led armed groups attack southern Israel, killing civilians and soldiers and taking hostages; Israel launches a large-scale war in Gaza with extensive Palestinian casualties, destruction, and displacement.", "dateLabel": "7 October 2023–present", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "7 October 2023–present" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "un-october-7-commission", "ohchr-opt-2026" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 2023, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 175, "historyTrack": "shared", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The ongoing conflict profoundly affects Israeli and Palestinian societies, Jewish communities worldwide, Christian communities in the region, interreligious relations, and global politics.", "world": "The war remains ongoing as of 2026; casualty figures, legal findings, military claims, and responsibility for particular incidents require current, source-specific verification." }, "fingerprint": "deccc809", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-october-7-gaza-war", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Aoctober-7-gaza-war", "connectionCount": 14 }, { "canonicalId": "event:pope-francis-death", "type": "event", "id": "pope-francis-death", "label": "Death of Pope Francis", "normalizedLabel": "death of pope francis", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Pope Francis dies in Vatican City after a twelve-year pontificate.", "dateLabel": "21 April 2025", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "21 April 2025" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-francis-death" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 2025, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 176, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "His death initiates the sede vacante and a global Catholic transition.", "world": "Historical assessment of his pontificate will continue to develop." }, "fingerprint": "a3df31e3", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-pope-francis-death", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apope-francis-death", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:nicaea-1700-anniversary", "type": "event", "id": "nicaea-1700-anniversary", "label": "Christian Commemoration of Nicaea’s 1700th Anniversary", "normalizedLabel": "christian commemoration of nicaea s 1700th anniversary", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Churches and theologians commemorate seventeen centuries since the opening of the Council of Nicaea.", "dateLabel": "2025 CE", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "2025 CE" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-nicaea-1700" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 2025, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 178, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "The anniversary renews ecumenical attention to the creed, the date of Easter, and the shared inheritance of ancient Christianity.", "world": "A commemoration is not a new council and does not erase enduring ecclesial divisions." }, "fingerprint": "daf2e85e", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-nicaea-1700-anniversary", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Anicaea-1700-anniversary", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event:pope-leo-xiv-election", "type": "event", "id": "pope-leo-xiv-election", "label": "Pope Leo XIV Elected", "normalizedLabel": "pope leo xiv elected", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost is elected bishop of Rome and takes the name Leo XIV.", "dateLabel": "8 May 2025", "periodHints": [ "Contemporary Jewish and Christian History", "contemporary-jewish-christian", "8 May 2025" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-leo-xiv-biography" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "year": 2025, "startYear": null, "endYear": null, "order": 177, "historyTrack": "christian", "postBiblical": true, "biblical": "He becomes the first pope born in the United States and the first Augustinian pope, beginning a new pontificate whose historical significance remains open to assessment.", "world": "The direction and historical significance of a new pontificate remain open to future assessment." }, "fingerprint": "4baa21cd", "nativeUrl": "index.html#event-pope-leo-xiv-election", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event%3Apope-leo-xiv-election", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:merneptah-stele", "type": "artifact", "id": "merneptah-stele", "label": "Merneptah Stele", "normalizedLabel": "merneptah stele", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Royal victory hymn containing the earliest generally accepted extrabiblical reference to a people called Israel in Canaan.", "dateLabel": "c. 1208 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 1208 BCE", "late-bronze-origins" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-d0340401d5b2" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Excavated monument", "findContext": "Thebes, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "c4677124", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=merneptah-stele#artifact-merneptah-stele", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Amerneptah-stele", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:amarna-letters", "type": "artifact", "id": "amarna-letters", "label": "Amarna Letters", "normalizedLabel": "amarna letters", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Diplomatic correspondence between Egypt and rulers of Canaan, Syria, and neighboring powers.", "dateLabel": "14th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "14th century BCE", "late-bronze-origins" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-9122c89189e6" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Excavated diplomatic archive", "findContext": "Tell el-Amarna, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "d0239d34", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=amarna-letters#artifact-amarna-letters", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aamarna-letters", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:avaris-site", "type": "artifact", "id": "avaris-site", "label": "Tell el-Dabʿa / Avaris", "normalizedLabel": "tell el dab a avaris", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Large Delta settlement with substantial Levantine population, later serving as the Hyksos capital Avaris.", "dateLabel": "Middle Bronze Age–early New Kingdom", "periodHints": [ "Middle Bronze Age–early New Kingdom", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-d7d2bc0cc5d3" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "5900c236", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=avaris-site#artifact-avaris-site", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aavaris-site", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:pi-ramesses-site", "type": "artifact", "id": "pi-ramesses-site", "label": "Qantir–Pi-Ramesses", "normalizedLabel": "qantir pi ramesses", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Ramesside royal capital and industrial center in the eastern Nile Delta.", "dateLabel": "13th–12th centuries BCE", "periodHints": [ "13th–12th centuries BCE", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-6f80fb159652" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Qantir, eastern Nile Delta", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "a6733a6e", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=pi-ramesses-site#artifact-pi-ramesses-site", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Api-ramesses-site", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:tel-dan-stele", "type": "artifact", "id": "tel-dan-stele", "label": "Tel Dan Stele", "normalizedLabel": "tel dan stele", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Aramaean victory inscription referring to a king of Israel and widely read as the “House of David.”", "dateLabel": "9th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "9th century BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-73a71afe886e", "src-25b1ff6f1e68" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tel-dan-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Tel Dan, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "dde0a6b4", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=tel-dan-stele#artifact-tel-dan-stele", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Atel-dan-stele", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:mesha-stele", "type": "artifact", "id": "mesha-stele", "label": "Mesha Stele", "normalizedLabel": "mesha stele", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Moabite royal inscription recounting Mesha’s revolt and wars against Israel after the domination of Omri.", "dateLabel": "c. 830–805 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 830–805 BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-8bf0a3b492d4" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "reconstructed-fragments", "label": "Reconstructed fragment corpus", "originalDescription": "Recovered monument with reconstructed portions", "findContext": "Dhiban, Jordan", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The record is assembled from documented fragments, joins, or reconstructed portions." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "bca20230", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=mesha-stele#artifact-mesha-stele", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Amesha-stele", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:kurkh-monolith", "type": "artifact", "id": "kurkh-monolith", "label": "Kurkh Monolith of Shalmaneser III", "normalizedLabel": "kurkh monolith of shalmaneser iii", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Assyrian annal describing the Battle of Qarqar and naming Ahab the Israelite in the opposing coalition.", "dateLabel": "c. 853 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 853 BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-dc5565089681" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "qarqar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented nineteenth-century find", "findContext": "Kurkh, southeastern Turkey", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "bde21b9d", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=kurkh-monolith#artifact-kurkh-monolith", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Akurkh-monolith", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:black-obelisk", "type": "artifact", "id": "black-obelisk", "label": "Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III", "normalizedLabel": "black obelisk of shalmaneser iii", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Assyrian monument depicting tribute from the House of Omri and associating it with Jehu in 841 BCE.", "dateLabel": "825 BCE", "periodHints": [ "825 BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-6dc7c8684ba1" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jehu" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Nimrud, Iraq", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "f209fe79", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=black-obelisk#artifact-black-obelisk", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ablack-obelisk", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:bubastite-portal", "type": "artifact", "id": "bubastite-portal", "label": "Bubastite Portal of Shoshenq I", "normalizedLabel": "bubastite portal of shoshenq i", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Campaign relief of Shoshenq I listing towns and peoples in the southern Levant.", "dateLabel": "c. 925 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 925 BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-11f170aec978" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shoshenq-campaign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "unknown-context", "label": "Unknown or insufficient context", "originalDescription": "Monument in primary architectural context", "findContext": "Karnak, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Incomplete or non-archaeological", "contextConfidence": "Low", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The find context or chain of custody is incomplete or uncertain." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "70bf45ab", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=bubastite-portal#artifact-bubastite-portal", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Abubastite-portal", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:deir-alla-balaam", "type": "artifact", "id": "deir-alla-balaam", "label": "Deir ʿAlla Balaam Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "deir alla balaam inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Plaster inscription naming Balaam son of Beor as a seer and recounting a divine vision.", "dateLabel": "c. 800 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 800 BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-4e88d9456931" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Deir ʿAlla, Jordan Valley", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "f38ad8db", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=deir-alla-balaam#artifact-deir-alla-balaam", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Adeir-alla-balaam", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:gezer-calendar", "type": "artifact", "id": "gezer-calendar", "label": "Gezer Calendar", "normalizedLabel": "gezer calendar", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Short agricultural calendar listing seasonal tasks across the year.", "dateLabel": "10th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "10th century BCE", "settlement-early-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-81175022a02a" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Gezer, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "d4a9baa3", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=gezer-calendar#artifact-gezer-calendar", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Agezer-calendar", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:tel-zayit-abecedary", "type": "artifact", "id": "tel-zayit-abecedary", "label": "Tel Zayit Abecedary", "normalizedLabel": "tel zayit abecedary", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Alphabet sequence incised on a stone from a stratified settlement context.", "dateLabel": "10th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "10th century BCE", "settlement-early-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-84ec73bc1f3c" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Tel Zayit, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "c3a79a32", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=tel-zayit-abecedary#artifact-tel-zayit-abecedary", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Atel-zayit-abecedary", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:izbet-sartah-ostracon", "type": "artifact", "id": "izbet-sartah-ostracon", "label": "Izbet Sartah Ostracon", "normalizedLabel": "izbet sartah ostracon", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "Inscribed ostracon including an alphabetic line from an early Iron Age settlement.", "dateLabel": "12th–11th centuries BCE", "periodHints": [ "12th–11th centuries BCE", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-acba367570d0" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Izbet Sartah, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "98977857", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=izbet-sartah-ostracon#artifact-izbet-sartah-ostracon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aizbet-sartah-ostracon", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:khirbet-qeiyafa-ostracon", "type": "artifact", "id": "khirbet-qeiyafa-ostracon", "label": "Khirbet Qeiyafa Ostracon", "normalizedLabel": "khirbet qeiyafa ostracon", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "Five-line inscription from a fortified early Iron Age site overlooking the Elah Valley.", "dateLabel": "c. 1000 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 1000 BCE", "settlement-early-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-dbd0fad2cb03" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Khirbet Qeiyafa, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "debated" }, "fingerprint": "d286c2be", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=khirbet-qeiyafa-ostracon#artifact-khirbet-qeiyafa-ostracon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Akhirbet-qeiyafa-ostracon", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:hezekiah-bulla", "type": "artifact", "id": "hezekiah-bulla", "label": "Royal Bulla of Hezekiah", "normalizedLabel": "royal bulla of hezekiah", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Royal seal impression reading “Belonging to Hezekiah son of Ahaz, king of Judah.”", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-85835eee1c35" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Ophel, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "8a7676e8", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=hezekiah-bulla#artifact-hezekiah-bulla", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ahezekiah-bulla", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:lmlk-seals", "type": "artifact", "id": "lmlk-seals", "label": "LMLK Seal Impressions", "normalizedLabel": "lmlk seal impressions", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Royal stamped storage-jar handles marked LMLK and associated place names.", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-73a71afe886e" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Predominantly excavated corpus", "findContext": "Judah, especially Jerusalem and the Shephelah", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "9f6787e4", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=lmlk-seals#artifact-lmlk-seals", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Almlk-seals", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:siloam-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "siloam-inscription", "label": "Siloam Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "siloam inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Inscription describing the breakthrough when two teams cutting a water tunnel met.", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-e1bf30d3a7aa" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "in-situ-monument", "label": "In situ monument or feature", "originalDescription": "Found in original tunnel context", "findContext": "Hezekiah’s Tunnel, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Preserved in, or documented from, its original architectural or archaeological context." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "f636c58b", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=siloam-inscription#artifact-siloam-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Asiloam-inscription", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:hezekiah-tunnel", "type": "artifact", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel", "label": "Hezekiah’s Tunnel", "normalizedLabel": "hezekiah s tunnel", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "533-meter water tunnel redirecting the Gihon Spring toward the Pool of Siloam.", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-dd18492ca63c" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "in-situ-monument", "label": "In situ monument or feature", "originalDescription": "Archaeological feature in situ", "findContext": "City of David, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Preserved in, or documented from, its original architectural or archaeological context." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "2f0bfc5c", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=hezekiah-tunnel#artifact-hezekiah-tunnel", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ahezekiah-tunnel", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:broad-wall", "type": "artifact", "id": "broad-wall", "label": "Jerusalem Broad Wall", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem broad wall", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Large fortification wall enclosing expanded western Jerusalem.", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-3c71773f4f4a" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Jewish Quarter, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "596b6600", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=broad-wall#artifact-broad-wall", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Abroad-wall", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:taylor-prism", "type": "artifact", "id": "taylor-prism", "label": "Taylor Prism / Sennacherib Prism", "normalizedLabel": "taylor prism sennacherib prism", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Assyrian foundation record describing Sennacherib’s campaigns and tribute received from Hezekiah.", "dateLabel": "691 BCE", "periodHints": [ "691 BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-199bc181ebcf" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented collection provenance", "findContext": "Nebi Yunus, Nineveh", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "26d5c8e2", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=taylor-prism#artifact-taylor-prism", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ataylor-prism", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:lachish-reliefs", "type": "artifact", "id": "lachish-reliefs", "label": "Lachish Siege Reliefs", "normalizedLabel": "lachish siege reliefs", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Palace relief series depicting the Assyrian siege and capture of Lachish.", "dateLabel": "c. 700–692 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 700–692 BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-46f6f3961e54" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Nineveh, Iraq", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "b8099b93", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=lachish-reliefs#artifact-lachish-reliefs", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Alachish-reliefs", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:lachish-siege-ramp", "type": "artifact", "id": "lachish-siege-ramp", "label": "Lachish Siege Ramp", "normalizedLabel": "lachish siege ramp", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Massive Assyrian assault ramp built against the southwestern corner of Lachish.", "dateLabel": "701 BCE context", "periodHints": [ "701 BCE context", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-85835eee1c35" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Tel Lachish, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "91bba640", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=lachish-siege-ramp#artifact-lachish-siege-ramp", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Alachish-siege-ramp", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:lachish-letters", "type": "artifact", "id": "lachish-letters", "label": "Lachish Letters", "normalizedLabel": "lachish letters", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Military and administrative letters from the final years of the kingdom of Judah.", "dateLabel": "Early 6th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Early 6th century BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-513ec69e0323" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "lachish-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Tel Lachish, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "dde2f851", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=lachish-letters#artifact-lachish-letters", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Alachish-letters", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:arad-ostraca", "type": "artifact", "id": "arad-ostraca", "label": "Arad Ostraca", "normalizedLabel": "arad ostraca", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Administrative and military documents from the Judahite fortress at Arad.", "dateLabel": "8th–6th centuries BCE", "periodHints": [ "8th–6th centuries BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-99dd4d4d2a09" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Tel Arad, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "c3c3ebd0", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=arad-ostraca#artifact-arad-ostraca", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aarad-ostraca", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:samaria-ostraca", "type": "artifact", "id": "samaria-ostraca", "label": "Samaria Ostraca", "normalizedLabel": "samaria ostraca", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Administrative records of wine and oil deliveries involving places, clans, and officials in the northern kingdom.", "dateLabel": "8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "8th century BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-c5aba9eb10db" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Samaria, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "87857a9c", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=samaria-ostraca#artifact-samaria-ostraca", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Asamaria-ostraca", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:babylonian-chronicle-21946", "type": "artifact", "id": "babylonian-chronicle-21946", "label": "Babylonian Chronicle 21946", "normalizedLabel": "babylonian chronicle 21946", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Babylonian historical chronicle recording Nebuchadnezzar’s campaign and capture of Jerusalem in 597 BCE.", "dateLabel": "Chronicle of 605–594 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Chronicle of 605–594 BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-d216593705a1" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-babylonian-exile" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented collection provenance", "findContext": "Babylonia", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "da3a9ba1", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=babylonian-chronicle-21946#artifact-babylonian-chronicle-21946", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ababylonian-chronicle-21946", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:jehoiachin-rations", "type": "artifact", "id": "jehoiachin-rations", "label": "Jehoiachin Ration Tablets", "normalizedLabel": "jehoiachin ration tablets", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Administrative tablets listing oil rations for Jehoiachin, king of Judah, and members of his household.", "dateLabel": "c. 592–569 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 592–569 BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-48862db857ad" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-babylonian-exile" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Excavated Babylonian administrative archive", "findContext": "Babylon, Iraq", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "9a89f6b5", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=jehoiachin-rations#artifact-jehoiachin-rations", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ajehoiachin-rations", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:nabu-sharrussu-ukin-tablet", "type": "artifact", "id": "nabu-sharrussu-ukin-tablet", "label": "Nabu-sharrussu-ukin Administrative Tablet", "normalizedLabel": "nabu sharrussu ukin administrative tablet", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "Administrative tablet naming Nabu-sharrussu-ukin, a chief eunuch or high official of Nebuchadnezzar.", "dateLabel": "595 BCE", "periodHints": [ "595 BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-86881257145c" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented collection provenance", "findContext": "Sippar region / Babylonian archive", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "205ba007", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=nabu-sharrussu-ukin-tablet#artifact-nabu-sharrussu-ukin-tablet", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Anabu-sharrussu-ukin-tablet", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:al-yahudu-tablets", "type": "artifact", "id": "al-yahudu-tablets", "label": "Al-Yahudu Tablets", "normalizedLabel": "al yahudu tablets", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Legal and economic documents from settlements including “Town of Judah” in Babylonia.", "dateLabel": "6th–5th centuries BCE", "periodHints": [ "6th–5th centuries BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-c32caa7e635b" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "market-acquisition", "label": "Antiquities-market acquisition", "originalDescription": "Mostly antiquities-market corpus with documented publication history", "findContext": "Babylonia", "chainOfCustody": "Incomplete or non-archaeological", "contextConfidence": "Low", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The object entered scholarship through the antiquities market; archaeological context is limited." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "775af269", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=al-yahudu-tablets#artifact-al-yahudu-tablets", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aal-yahudu-tablets", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:jerusalem-destruction-deposits", "type": "artifact", "id": "jerusalem-destruction-deposits", "label": "Jerusalem Babylonian Destruction Deposits", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem babylonian destruction deposits", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Archaeological destruction evidence from the end of the First Temple period.", "dateLabel": "Early 6th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Early 6th century BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-f22fa508111e" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-586" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavations across several areas", "findContext": "Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "fa50f4cf", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=jerusalem-destruction-deposits#artifact-jerusalem-destruction-deposits", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ajerusalem-destruction-deposits", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:cyrus-cylinder", "type": "artifact", "id": "cyrus-cylinder", "label": "Cyrus Cylinder", "normalizedLabel": "cyrus cylinder", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Babylonian royal text presenting Cyrus as restorer of cults, temples, and displaced divine images after conquering Babylon.", "dateLabel": "After 539 BCE", "periodHints": [ "After 539 BCE", "persian-restoration" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-1fe62617873d" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "cyrus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled nineteenth-century excavation", "findContext": "Babylon, Iraq", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "18e651a7", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=cyrus-cylinder#artifact-cyrus-cylinder", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Acyrus-cylinder", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:yehud-stamps-coins", "type": "artifact", "id": "yehud-stamps-coins", "label": "Yehud Stamp Impressions and Coins", "normalizedLabel": "yehud stamp impressions and coins", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Administrative impressions and coins bearing the provincial name YHD / Yehud.", "dateLabel": "5th–4th centuries BCE", "periodHints": [ "5th–4th centuries BCE", "persian-restoration" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-c32caa7e635b" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "mixed-corpus", "label": "Mixed excavation and collection corpus", "originalDescription": "Mixed excavated and collection corpus", "findContext": "Judah / Yehud", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Mixed", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The corpus combines controlled finds with older collection, market, or dispersed material." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "07b52e25", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=yehud-stamps-coins#artifact-yehud-stamps-coins", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ayehud-stamps-coins", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:elephantine-papyri", "type": "artifact", "id": "elephantine-papyri", "label": "Elephantine Papyri", "normalizedLabel": "elephantine papyri", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Letters, contracts, and petitions from a Jewish military community with a temple to YHW in southern Egypt.", "dateLabel": "5th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "5th century BCE", "persian-restoration" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-d3d6c9373795" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "elephantine-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Excavated and documented archival finds", "findContext": "Elephantine, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "6a3c9ac0", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=elephantine-papyri#artifact-elephantine-papyri", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aelephantine-papyri", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:ketef-hinnom-amulets", "type": "artifact", "id": "ketef-hinnom-amulets", "label": "Ketef Hinnom Silver Amulets", "normalizedLabel": "ketef hinnom silver amulets", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Two miniature silver scrolls preserving language closely related to the priestly blessing in Numbers 6.", "dateLabel": "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-c32caa7e635b" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "e4779108", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=ketef-hinnom-amulets#artifact-ketef-hinnom-amulets", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aketef-hinnom-amulets", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:great-isaiah-scroll", "type": "artifact", "id": "great-isaiah-scroll", "label": "Great Isaiah Scroll", "normalizedLabel": "great isaiah scroll", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Nearly complete ancient manuscript of all sixty-six chapters of Isaiah.", "dateLabel": "c. 125 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 125 BCE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-6a0010f2dda0" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "market-acquisition", "label": "Antiquities-market acquisition", "originalDescription": "Controlled recovery history with early market transfer", "findContext": "Qumran Cave 1", "chainOfCustody": "Incomplete or non-archaeological", "contextConfidence": "Low", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The object entered scholarship through the antiquities market; archaeological context is limited." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "045336e5", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=great-isaiah-scroll#artifact-great-isaiah-scroll", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Agreat-isaiah-scroll", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:biblical-dead-sea-scrolls", "type": "artifact", "id": "biblical-dead-sea-scrolls", "label": "Biblical Dead Sea Scrolls", "normalizedLabel": "biblical dead sea scrolls", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Hundreds of manuscript fragments representing nearly every book of the Hebrew Bible.", "dateLabel": "3rd century BCE–1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "3rd century BCE–1st century CE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-1df8d7d57bbc" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "mixed-corpus", "label": "Mixed excavation and collection corpus", "originalDescription": "Mixed controlled excavations and early discoveries", "findContext": "Qumran and other Judean Desert sites", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Mixed", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The corpus combines controlled finds with older collection, market, or dispersed material." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "83524b35", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=biblical-dead-sea-scrolls#artifact-biblical-dead-sea-scrolls", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Abiblical-dead-sea-scrolls", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:nash-papyrus", "type": "artifact", "id": "nash-papyrus", "label": "Nash Papyrus", "normalizedLabel": "nash papyrus", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Early Hebrew manuscript combining forms of the Decalogue and Shema for likely liturgical or instructional use.", "dateLabel": "2nd century BCE–1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "2nd century BCE–1st century CE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-e0b5977405c9" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "market-acquisition", "label": "Antiquities-market acquisition", "originalDescription": "Antiquities-market acquisition; early documented collection history", "findContext": "Reportedly Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Incomplete or non-archaeological", "contextConfidence": "Low", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The object entered scholarship through the antiquities market; archaeological context is limited." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "c8796ed1", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=nash-papyrus#artifact-nash-papyrus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Anash-papyrus", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:heliodorus-stele", "type": "artifact", "id": "heliodorus-stele", "label": "Heliodorus Stele", "normalizedLabel": "heliodorus stele", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Seleucid administrative inscription concerning appointment and oversight of temples in Coele-Syria and Phoenicia.", "dateLabel": "178 BCE", "periodHints": [ "178 BCE", "hellenistic-hasmonean" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-1dd3ad5d5da9" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "reconstructed-fragments", "label": "Reconstructed fragment corpus", "originalDescription": "Fragments with documented joins and collection history", "findContext": "Israel / provenance reconstructed from fragments", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The record is assembled from documented fragments, joins, or reconstructed portions." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "0a59433f", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=heliodorus-stele#artifact-heliodorus-stele", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aheliodorus-stele", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:hasmonean-coins", "type": "artifact", "id": "hasmonean-coins", "label": "Hasmonean Coins", "normalizedLabel": "hasmonean coins", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Coinage bearing names and titles of Hasmonean rulers and high priests.", "dateLabel": "2nd–1st centuries BCE", "periodHints": [ "2nd–1st centuries BCE", "hellenistic-hasmonean" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-c32caa7e635b" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hasmonean-state" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "mixed-corpus", "label": "Mixed excavation and collection corpus", "originalDescription": "Excavated and collection corpus", "findContext": "Judea", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Mixed", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The corpus combines controlled finds with older collection, market, or dispersed material." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "cd52fa20", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=hasmonean-coins#artifact-hasmonean-coins", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ahasmonean-coins", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:pilate-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "pilate-inscription", "label": "Pontius Pilate Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "pontius pilate inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Reused inscription naming Pontius Pilate and his title as prefect of Judea in connection with a Tiberieum.", "dateLabel": "26–36 CE", "periodHints": [ "26–36 CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-5048a411d73f" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiberius-pilate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Caesarea Maritima, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "6171e970", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=pilate-inscription#artifact-pilate-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Apilate-inscription", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:caiaphas-ossuary", "type": "artifact", "id": "caiaphas-ossuary", "label": "Caiaphas Ossuary", "normalizedLabel": "caiaphas ossuary", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Ornate ossuary inscribed with a form of the name Joseph son of Caiaphas from a high-status family tomb.", "dateLabel": "1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "1st century CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-5c8ce0f296b7" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled tomb excavation", "findContext": "Southern Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "bccb6489", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=caiaphas-ossuary#artifact-caiaphas-ossuary", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Acaiaphas-ossuary", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:yehohanan-crucifixion", "type": "artifact", "id": "yehohanan-crucifixion", "label": "Yehohanan Crucifixion Remains", "normalizedLabel": "yehohanan crucifixion remains", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Remains of a crucified Judean man with an iron nail preserved through the heel bone.", "dateLabel": "1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "1st century CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-c32caa7e635b" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled tomb excavation", "findContext": "Givʿat ha-Mivtar, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "dc9f05fd", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=yehohanan-crucifixion#artifact-yehohanan-crucifixion", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ayehohanan-crucifixion", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:siloam-pool", "type": "artifact", "id": "siloam-pool", "label": "Second Temple Pool of Siloam", "normalizedLabel": "second temple pool of siloam", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Large ritual and water complex at the southern end of the City of David.", "dateLabel": "Second Temple period", "periodHints": [ "Second Temple period", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-ca92e3c2054a" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "b628c6e1", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=siloam-pool#artifact-siloam-pool", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Asiloam-pool", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:bethesda-pool", "type": "artifact", "id": "bethesda-pool", "label": "Pool of Bethesda Complex", "normalizedLabel": "pool of bethesda complex", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Multi-phase pool complex north of the Temple Mount with architectural features corresponding broadly to the setting in John 5.", "dateLabel": "Hellenistic–Roman periods", "periodHints": [ "Hellenistic–Roman periods", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-897977e1f1a4" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Excavated architectural complex", "findContext": "Jerusalem, near St. Anne’s Church", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "9f4d1404", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=bethesda-pool#artifact-bethesda-pool", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Abethesda-pool", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:magdala-stone", "type": "artifact", "id": "magdala-stone", "label": "Magdala Stone", "normalizedLabel": "magdala stone", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Elaborately carved stone from a first-century synagogue displaying Temple-related imagery.", "dateLabel": "Early 1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "Early 1st century CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-c3cad647e35a" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Magdala, Galilee", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "35dffab5", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=magdala-stone#artifact-magdala-stone", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Amagdala-stone", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:herodian-coins", "type": "artifact", "id": "herodian-coins", "label": "Herodian and Roman-Prefect Coins", "normalizedLabel": "herodian and roman prefect coins", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Coinage of Herod the Great, his successors, Roman prefects, and later client rulers.", "dateLabel": "1st century BCE–1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "1st century BCE–1st century CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-c32caa7e635b" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "mixed-corpus", "label": "Mixed excavation and collection corpus", "originalDescription": "Excavated and collection corpus", "findContext": "Judea and Galilee", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Mixed", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The corpus combines controlled finds with older collection, market, or dispersed material." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "358ba0ea", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=herodian-coins#artifact-herodian-coins", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aherodian-coins", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:hammurabi-stele", "type": "artifact", "id": "hammurabi-stele", "label": "Stele of Hammurabi", "normalizedLabel": "stele of hammurabi", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Royal law collection and monumental self-presentation from the reign of Hammurabi of Babylon.", "dateLabel": "c. 1750 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 1750 BCE", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-cd3356f78fcc" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Susa, Iran", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "212a6381", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=hammurabi-stele#artifact-hammurabi-stele", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ahammurabi-stele", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:gallio-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "gallio-inscription", "label": "Gallio Inscription at Delphi", "normalizedLabel": "gallio inscription at delphi", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Imperial letter preserving the name and office of Lucius Junius Gallio as proconsul of Achaia.", "dateLabel": "c. 52 CE", "periodHints": [ "c. 52 CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-82b6959c6a3c" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled archaeological recovery", "findContext": "Delphi, Greece", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "ad3e44fd", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=gallio-inscription#artifact-gallio-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Agallio-inscription", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:lachish-bullae", "type": "artifact", "id": "lachish-bullae", "label": "Judahite Bullae from Destruction Contexts", "normalizedLabel": "judahite bullae from destruction contexts", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Administrative seal impressions preserved because fires baked the clay during destruction.", "dateLabel": "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-f22fa508111e" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavations", "findContext": "Jerusalem and Judahite sites", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "7653be6f", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=lachish-bullae#artifact-lachish-bullae", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Alachish-bullae", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:isaiah-bulla", "type": "artifact", "id": "isaiah-bulla", "label": "Proposed Isaiah Bulla", "normalizedLabel": "proposed isaiah bulla", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "Damaged seal impression found near the Hezekiah bulla, read by some as “Isaiah the prophet.”", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-85835eee1c35" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Ophel, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "debated" }, "fingerprint": "3118517d", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=isaiah-bulla#artifact-isaiah-bulla", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aisaiah-bulla", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:beni-hasan-aamu-procession", "type": "artifact", "id": "beni-hasan-aamu-procession", "label": "Beni Hasan Aamu Procession", "normalizedLabel": "beni hasan aamu procession", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A Middle Kingdom tomb scene depicts a group labeled Aamu from Shu entering Egypt with families, animals, goods, and distinctive western Asiatic dress.", "dateLabel": "c. 1887–1878 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 1887–1878 BCE", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-e9763794be08" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "in-situ-monument", "label": "In situ monument or feature", "originalDescription": "Monument in primary context; documented facsimile", "findContext": "Tomb of Khnumhotep II, Beni Hasan, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Preserved in, or documented from, its original architectural or archaeological context." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "1a14ec89", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=beni-hasan-aamu-procession#artifact-beni-hasan-aamu-procession", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Abeni-hasan-aamu-procession", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:soleb-shasu-yhw", "type": "artifact", "id": "soleb-shasu-yhw", "label": "Soleb “Shasu-land of Yhw” Name Ring", "normalizedLabel": "soleb shasu land of yhw name ring", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "An Egyptian topographical list includes a place or group conventionally rendered “the Shasu-land of Yhw.”", "dateLabel": "14th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "14th century BCE", "late-bronze-origins" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-ff667597cd02" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egyptian-empire" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "unknown-context", "label": "Unknown or insufficient context", "originalDescription": "Monument in primary architectural context", "findContext": "Temple of Amenhotep III at Soleb, Sudan", "chainOfCustody": "Incomplete or non-archaeological", "contextConfidence": "Low", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The find context or chain of custody is incomplete or uncertain." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "debated" }, "fingerprint": "a06f0e24", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=soleb-shasu-yhw#artifact-soleb-shasu-yhw", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Asoleb-shasu-yhw", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:ekron-royal-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "ekron-royal-inscription", "label": "Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "ekron royal dedicatory inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A five-line royal dedicatory inscription names Ekron, its ruler Akhayus, his father Padi, and a line of earlier rulers.", "dateLabel": "c. 7th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 7th century BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-ba998d7ca435" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Tel Miqne-Ekron, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "be78cef2", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=ekron-royal-inscription#artifact-ekron-royal-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aekron-royal-inscription", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:gath-ostracon", "type": "artifact", "id": "gath-ostracon", "label": "Tell es-Safi/Gath Ostracon", "normalizedLabel": "tell es safi gath ostracon", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "A sherd from Philistine Gath preserves two names, commonly read ʾLWT and WLT, from a linguistic environment compatible with Philistine names.", "dateLabel": "Late 11th–early 10th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 11th–early 10th century BCE", "settlement-early-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-3daa297e57d2" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "debated" }, "fingerprint": "7a9489d5", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=gath-ostracon#artifact-gath-ostracon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Agath-ostracon", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:kuntillet-ajrud-inscriptions", "type": "artifact", "id": "kuntillet-ajrud-inscriptions", "label": "Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions", "normalizedLabel": "kuntillet ajrud inscriptions", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Inscriptions from a desert waystation invoke “YHWH of Samaria” and “YHWH of Teman” in blessing formulas and preserve a complex religious iconographic setting.", "dateLabel": "c. 800 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 800 BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-d8d7d73c7a8e" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Kuntillet Ajrud, northeastern Sinai", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "cc4f9906", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=kuntillet-ajrud-inscriptions#artifact-kuntillet-ajrud-inscriptions", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Akuntillet-ajrud-inscriptions", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:khirbet-el-qom-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "khirbet-el-qom-inscription", "label": "Khirbet el-Qom Tomb Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "khirbet el qom tomb inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A Judahite tomb inscription invokes YHWH in a blessing for Uriyahu and includes the disputed phrase commonly rendered “by his asherah.”", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "divided-monarchy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-3dcb1c00606d" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented archaeological find", "findContext": "Khirbet el-Qom, Judah", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "ad980276", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=khirbet-el-qom-inscription#artifact-khirbet-el-qom-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Akhirbet-el-qom-inscription", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:mesad-hashavyahu-ostracon", "type": "artifact", "id": "mesad-hashavyahu-ostracon", "label": "Meṣad Hashavyahu Legal Complaint", "normalizedLabel": "mesad hashavyahu legal complaint", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A worker petitions an official after a supervisor confiscates his garment, using legal and social language comparable to biblical debt and clothing laws.", "dateLabel": "Late 7th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 7th century BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-90cabb070698" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Meṣad Hashavyahu near Yavneh-Yam, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "4ed26903", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=mesad-hashavyahu-ostracon#artifact-mesad-hashavyahu-ostracon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Amesad-hashavyahu-ostracon", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:shebna-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "shebna-inscription", "label": "Royal Steward Tomb Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "royal steward tomb inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "A damaged Hebrew funerary inscription belonged to a royal steward whose name ended in -yahu and whose title was “over the house.”", "dateLabel": "7th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "7th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-83ccf32b345c" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented nineteenth-century find", "findContext": "Silwan/Siloam necropolis, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "debated" }, "fingerprint": "a5340b2a", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=shebna-inscription#artifact-shebna-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ashebna-inscription", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:gemariah-bulla", "type": "artifact", "id": "gemariah-bulla", "label": "Gemariah son of Shaphan Bulla", "normalizedLabel": "gemariah son of shaphan bulla", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "A seal impression from the Jerusalem administrative quarter reads “Belonging to Gemaryahu son of Shaphan,” matching the name and patronymic of a royal scribe in Jeremiah.", "dateLabel": "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-f8e657f50b63" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "City of David, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "df0c6095", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=gemariah-bulla#artifact-gemariah-bulla", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Agemariah-bulla", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:jehucal-bulla", "type": "artifact", "id": "jehucal-bulla", "label": "Jehucal son of Shelemiah Bulla", "normalizedLabel": "jehucal son of shelemiah bulla", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "An excavated bulla reads “Belonging to Yehukal son of Shelemyahu son of Shobi,” closely matching a Judahite official named in Jeremiah.", "dateLabel": "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-f678b6e19494" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "City of David, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "db376c71", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=jehucal-bulla#artifact-jehucal-bulla", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ajehucal-bulla", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:gedaliah-pashhur-bulla", "type": "artifact", "id": "gedaliah-pashhur-bulla", "label": "Gedaliah son of Pashhur Bulla", "normalizedLabel": "gedaliah son of pashhur bulla", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "A seal impression reads “Belonging to Gedalyahu son of Pashhur,” the same name and patronymic carried by an official in Jeremiah 38.", "dateLabel": "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 7th–early 6th century BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-f678b6e19494" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "City of David, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "eebebe8d", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=gedaliah-pashhur-bulla#artifact-gedaliah-pashhur-bulla", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Agedaliah-pashhur-bulla", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:nathan-melech-bulla", "type": "artifact", "id": "nathan-melech-bulla", "label": "Nathan-Melech, Servant of the King Bulla", "normalizedLabel": "nathan melech servant of the king bulla", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "An excavated bulla reads “Belonging to Nathan-Melech, servant of the king,” combining an uncommon personal name with a royal title.", "dateLabel": "Late 7th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 7th century BCE", "babylonian-conquest-exile" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-a4493889354f" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "david" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Givati Parking Lot excavation, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "c54e7d96", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=nathan-melech-bulla#artifact-nathan-melech-bulla", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Anathan-melech-bulla", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:tiglath-pileser-iii-levant-records", "type": "artifact", "id": "tiglath-pileser-iii-levant-records", "label": "Tiglath-pileser III Levant Records", "normalizedLabel": "tiglath pileser iii levant records", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Royal inscriptions name rulers and polities of Israel and Judah, including Menahem of Samaria, Pekah/Hoshea-era Israel, and Jehoahaz of Judah, generally identified with Ahaz.", "dateLabel": "c. 738–732 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 738–732 BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-d3e1da6df65b" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiglath-pileser" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Excavated and documented inscription corpus", "findContext": "Iran and Nimrud/Nineveh inscriptional contexts", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "e6a74d6d", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=tiglath-pileser-iii-levant-records#artifact-tiglath-pileser-iii-levant-records", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Atiglath-pileser-iii-levant-records", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:sargon-ii-samaria-records", "type": "artifact", "id": "sargon-ii-samaria-records", "label": "Sargon II Samaria Records", "normalizedLabel": "sargon ii samaria records", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Sargon II’s inscriptions name Samaria and claim conquest, deportation, resettlement, and administrative reorganization.", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-e6b780b8b62d", "src-d3e1da6df65b" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "samaria-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "reconstructed-fragments", "label": "Reconstructed fragment corpus", "originalDescription": "Controlled nineteenth-century excavation and corpus joins", "findContext": "Nineveh and Assyrian royal inscription contexts", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The record is assembled from documented fragments, joins, or reconstructed portions." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "a793fb4c", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=sargon-ii-samaria-records#artifact-sargon-ii-samaria-records", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Asargon-ii-samaria-records", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:esarhaddon-prism-manasseh", "type": "artifact", "id": "esarhaddon-prism-manasseh", "label": "Esarhaddon Prism Naming Manasseh", "normalizedLabel": "esarhaddon prism naming manasseh", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Esarhaddon’s prism lists western rulers required to supply materials, including Menasi, king of Judah, generally identified as Manasseh.", "dateLabel": "673–672 BCE", "periodHints": [ "673–672 BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-7a3de6be1c0e", "src-2b8b18efd371" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Kouyunjik/Nineveh, Iraq", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "ab18463b", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=esarhaddon-prism-manasseh#artifact-esarhaddon-prism-manasseh", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aesarhaddon-prism-manasseh", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:ashurbanipal-vassal-list-manasseh", "type": "artifact", "id": "ashurbanipal-vassal-list-manasseh", "label": "Ashurbanipal Vassal List Naming Manasseh", "normalizedLabel": "ashurbanipal vassal list naming manasseh", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Ashurbanipal’s Egypt-campaign accounts repeat a list of western kings that includes Manasseh of Judah among Assyria’s subordinate rulers.", "dateLabel": "Mid-7th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Mid-7th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-d3e1da6df65b" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "reconstructed-fragments", "label": "Reconstructed fragment corpus", "originalDescription": "Excavated and reconstructed inscription corpus", "findContext": "Nineveh royal inscription corpus, Iraq", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The record is assembled from documented fragments, joins, or reconstructed portions." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "5f9366cd", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=ashurbanipal-vassal-list-manasseh#artifact-ashurbanipal-vassal-list-manasseh", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aashurbanipal-vassal-list-manasseh", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:azekah-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "azekah-inscription", "label": "Azekah Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "azekah inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "low", "summary": "A fragmentary Assyrian campaign text describes the conquest of a strongly fortified city usually identified as Azekah in Judah.", "dateLabel": "Late 8th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 8th century BCE", "assyrian-crisis" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-d3e1da6df65b" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "reconstructed-fragments", "label": "Reconstructed fragment corpus", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation; reconstructed joins", "findContext": "Nineveh tablet collection, Iraq", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The record is assembled from documented fragments, joins, or reconstructed portions." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "debated" }, "fingerprint": "8c241e1f", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=azekah-inscription#artifact-azekah-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aazekah-inscription", "connectionCount": 1 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:temple-warning-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "temple-warning-inscription", "label": "Jerusalem Temple Warning Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem temple warning inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A Greek warning from the Second Temple enclosure prohibited foreigners from passing beyond the sanctuary barrier on pain of death.", "dateLabel": "1st century BCE–1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "1st century BCE–1st century CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-13175ef8a198" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "in-situ-monument", "label": "In situ monument or feature", "originalDescription": "Original discovered in documented Temple-area context", "findContext": "Jerusalem Temple Mount precinct", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Preserved in, or documented from, its original architectural or archaeological context." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "e21bb5cf", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=temple-warning-inscription#artifact-temple-warning-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Atemple-warning-inscription", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:theodotus-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "theodotus-inscription", "label": "Theodotus Synagogue Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "theodotus synagogue inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A Greek inscription records that Theodotus, a priest and synagogue leader, built a synagogue for reading the Law, teaching commandments, and lodging visitors.", "dateLabel": "1st century BCE–1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "1st century BCE–1st century CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-96e0bbe42fb5" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented archaeological discovery", "findContext": "Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "5227d770", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=theodotus-inscription#artifact-theodotus-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Atheodotus-inscription", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:trumpeting-place-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "trumpeting-place-inscription", "label": "“Place of Trumpeting” Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "place of trumpeting inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A fallen architectural stone from the Temple complex bears a Hebrew label identifying the place of trumpeting, likely connected with public signals.", "dateLabel": "Late 1st century BCE–70 CE", "periodHints": [ "Late 1st century BCE–70 CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-6a8877bd94c5" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation from Herodian destruction debris", "findContext": "Southwestern corner of the Jerusalem Temple Mount", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "d629dff0", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=trumpeting-place-inscription#artifact-trumpeting-place-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Atrumpeting-place-inscription", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:politarch-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "politarch-inscription", "label": "Thessalonica Politarch Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "thessalonica politarch inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A civic inscription from Thessalonica lists officials called politarchs, the same local title used in Acts 17.", "dateLabel": "2nd century CE", "periodHints": [ "2nd century CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-ca21197b7de6" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented architectural reuse and museum acquisition", "findContext": "Thessaloniki, Greece", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "e6d6411b", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=politarch-inscription#artifact-politarch-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Apolitarch-inscription", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:arch-of-titus-spoils-relief", "type": "artifact", "id": "arch-of-titus-spoils-relief", "label": "Arch of Titus Temple-Spoils Relief", "normalizedLabel": "arch of titus temple spoils relief", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "The triumphal relief depicts Roman soldiers carrying the menorah and other sacred objects taken after the capture of Jerusalem in 70 CE.", "dateLabel": "c. 81 CE", "periodHints": [ "c. 81 CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-6345a096c231" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "unknown-context", "label": "Unknown or insufficient context", "originalDescription": "Monument in primary architectural context", "findContext": "Roman Forum, Rome", "chainOfCustody": "Incomplete or non-archaeological", "contextConfidence": "Low", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The find context or chain of custody is incomplete or uncertain." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "926f516c", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=arch-of-titus-spoils-relief#artifact-arch-of-titus-spoils-relief", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aarch-of-titus-spoils-relief", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:erastus-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "erastus-inscription", "label": "Corinth Erastus Pavement Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "corinth erastus pavement inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "A Corinthian pavement records that an Erastus, in return for an aedileship, laid the pavement at his own expense.", "dateLabel": "Mid-1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "Mid-1st century CE", "herodian-roman" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-a961f8b7953c" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Ancient Corinth, Greece", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "debated" }, "fingerprint": "57523686", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=erastus-inscription#artifact-erastus-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aerastus-inscription", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:megiddo-mosaic", "type": "artifact", "id": "megiddo-mosaic", "label": "Megiddo Christian Mosaic", "normalizedLabel": "megiddo christian mosaic", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A mosaic from an early Christian assembly space includes a dedication to “God Jesus Christ” and named donors.", "dateLabel": "c. 230 CE", "periodHints": [ "c. 230 CE", "early-christianity" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-b42fffc7add0" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Legio/Megiddo area, Israel", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "56527e69", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=megiddo-mosaic#artifact-megiddo-mosaic", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Amegiddo-mosaic", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:dura-europos-christian-building", "type": "artifact", "id": "dura-europos-christian-building", "label": "Dura-Europos Christian Building", "normalizedLabel": "dura europos christian building", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A converted domestic building contained a Christian assembly room and baptistery with some of the earliest surviving Christian narrative wall paintings.", "dateLabel": "c. 232–256 CE", "periodHints": [ "c. 232–256 CE", "early-christianity" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-92ad3e2667ef" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation", "findContext": "Dura-Europos, Syria", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "a7cb82c6", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=dura-europos-christian-building#artifact-dura-europos-christian-building", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Adura-europos-christian-building", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:nahal-hever-minor-prophets", "type": "artifact", "id": "nahal-hever-minor-prophets", "label": "Naḥal Ḥever Greek Minor Prophets Scroll", "normalizedLabel": "nahal hever greek minor prophets scroll", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A Greek scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets preserves a Jewish revision of the Septuagint and writes the divine name in ancient Hebrew script.", "dateLabel": "Late 1st century BCE–1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "Late 1st century BCE–1st century CE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-8815e19a1ae1" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled archaeological recovery", "findContext": "Cave of Horror, Naḥal Ḥever, Judean Desert", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Recovered through a documented archaeological excavation or controlled field project." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "276f04ed", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=nahal-hever-minor-prophets#artifact-nahal-hever-minor-prophets", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Anahal-hever-minor-prophets", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:great-psalms-scroll", "type": "artifact", "id": "great-psalms-scroll", "label": "Great Psalms Scroll", "normalizedLabel": "great psalms scroll", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A large Psalms manuscript preserves canonical psalms in a distinctive order together with additional compositions not present in the Masoretic Psalter.", "dateLabel": "1st century CE", "periodHints": [ "1st century CE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-8815e19a1ae1" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "reconstructed-fragments", "label": "Reconstructed fragment corpus", "originalDescription": "Documented cave discovery and scholarly reconstruction", "findContext": "Qumran Cave 11", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "The record is assembled from documented fragments, joins, or reconstructed portions." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "424cf7b6", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=great-psalms-scroll#artifact-great-psalms-scroll", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Agreat-psalms-scroll", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:codex-sinaiticus", "type": "artifact", "id": "codex-sinaiticus", "label": "Codex Sinaiticus", "normalizedLabel": "codex sinaiticus", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A fourth-century Greek codex preserves most of the Septuagint and the complete New Testament, along with early Christian works.", "dateLabel": "4th century CE", "periodHints": [ "4th century CE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-711a5c572b2a" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-discovery", "label": "Documented historical discovery", "originalDescription": "Documented monastic manuscript with dispersed modern custody", "findContext": "Saint Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai; dispersed collection history", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "Moderate–high", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Discovery and custody are historically documented, though not always to modern excavation standards." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "0f60cac7", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=codex-sinaiticus#artifact-codex-sinaiticus", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Acodex-sinaiticus", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:p52-john-fragment", "type": "artifact", "id": "p52-john-fragment", "label": "Rylands Library Papyrus P52", "normalizedLabel": "rylands library papyrus p52", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "A small two-sided codex fragment preserves portions of John 18 concerning Jesus before Pilate.", "dateLabel": "2nd century CE", "periodHints": [ "2nd century CE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-f45ad9dad295" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "market-acquisition", "label": "Antiquities-market acquisition", "originalDescription": "Antiquities-market acquisition; documented modern collection history", "findContext": "Reportedly Egypt; exact findspot unknown", "chainOfCustody": "Incomplete or non-archaeological", "contextConfidence": "Low", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The object entered scholarship through the antiquities market; archaeological context is limited." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "1c57c9ec", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=p52-john-fragment#artifact-p52-john-fragment", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ap52-john-fragment", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:p46-pauline-epistles", "type": "artifact", "id": "p46-pauline-epistles", "label": "Papyrus 46 Pauline Epistles Codex", "normalizedLabel": "papyrus 46 pauline epistles codex", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "An early papyrus codex preserves substantial portions of the Pauline letter collection, including Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Hebrews.", "dateLabel": "c. 175–250 CE", "periodHints": [ "c. 175–250 CE", "textual-transmission" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-a1b39746ddfd", "src-8fa8956b1e0a" ], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "market-acquisition", "label": "Antiquities-market acquisition", "originalDescription": "Antiquities-market corpus with documented institutional custody", "findContext": "Probably Egypt; exact archaeological context unknown", "chainOfCustody": "Incomplete or non-archaeological", "contextConfidence": "Low", "marketHistory": true, "methodNote": "The object entered scholarship through the antiquities market; archaeological context is limited." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "textual" }, "fingerprint": "8f440679", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=p46-pauline-epistles#artifact-p46-pauline-epistles", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ap46-pauline-epistles", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:jerubbaal-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "jerubbaal-inscription", "label": "Jerubbaal Inscription from Khirbet al-Ra‘i", "normalizedLabel": "jerubbaal inscription from khirbet al ra i", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Five preserved letters on a jug are read Yrb‘l, Jerubbaal, from a context broadly contemporary with the project’s Judges-era placement.", "dateLabel": "Late 12th–early 11th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 12th–early 11th century BCE", "iron-i-epigraphy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jjar-jerubbaal" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "judge-gideon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation context", "findContext": "Khirbet al-Ra‘i, Judean Shephelah", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in cited institutional or excavation publication", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "V17.8.2 explicitly separates secure object context from the strength of any biblical identification." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "79a6e23a", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=jerubbaal-inscription#artifact-jerubbaal-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ajerubbaal-inscription", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:ishbaal-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "ishbaal-inscription", "label": "Eshbaal son of Beda Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "eshbaal son of beda inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "An incised inscription on a storage jar names Eshbaal son of Beda in a radiocarbon-dated early-monarchy context.", "dateLabel": "c. 1020–980 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 1020–980 BCE", "iron-i-epigraphy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "basor-ishbaal" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation context", "findContext": "Khirbet Qeiyafa, Judean Shephelah", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in cited institutional or excavation publication", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "V17.8.2 explicitly separates secure object context from the strength of any biblical identification." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "corroboration" }, "fingerprint": "cbcf5605", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=ishbaal-inscription#artifact-ishbaal-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aishbaal-inscription", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:medinet-habu-sea-peoples", "type": "artifact", "id": "medinet-habu-sea-peoples", "label": "Medinet Habu Sea Peoples Reliefs and Inscriptions", "normalizedLabel": "medinet habu sea peoples reliefs and inscriptions", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Monumental scenes and texts portray Ramesses III defeating named groups in land and naval battles.", "dateLabel": "Ramesses III Year 8, c. 1177 BCE", "periodHints": [ "Ramesses III Year 8, c. 1177 BCE", "late-bronze-collapse" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sea-peoples-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "institutional-manuscript", "label": "In-situ royal monument", "originalDescription": "In-situ royal monument", "findContext": "Medinet Habu, Thebes, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in cited institutional or excavation publication", "contextConfidence": "Moderate", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "V17.8.2 explicitly separates secure object context from the strength of any biblical identification." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "434b97e3", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=medinet-habu-sea-peoples#artifact-medinet-habu-sea-peoples", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Amedinet-habu-sea-peoples", "connectionCount": 7 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:papyrus-harris-i", "type": "artifact", "id": "papyrus-harris-i", "label": "Great Harris Papyrus", "normalizedLabel": "great harris papyrus", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "A long retrospective text compiled under Ramesses IV summarizes and glorifies Ramesses III’s reign, including foreign wars and restoration claims.", "dateLabel": "c. 1150 BCE", "periodHints": [ "c. 1150 BCE", "late-bronze-collapse" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-papyrus-harris-i" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sea-peoples-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "institutional-manuscript", "label": "Institutional manuscript with documented modern collection history", "originalDescription": "Institutional manuscript with documented modern collection history", "findContext": "Thebes, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in cited institutional or excavation publication", "contextConfidence": "Moderate", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "V17.8.2 explicitly separates secure object context from the strength of any biblical identification." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "aeb6548a", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=papyrus-harris-i#artifact-papyrus-harris-i", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Apapyrus-harris-i", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:ugarit-enemy-ships-letter", "type": "artifact", "id": "ugarit-enemy-ships-letter", "label": "Ugaritic Enemy-Ship Correspondence", "normalizedLabel": "ugaritic enemy ship correspondence", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "Letters from Ugarit and Alashiya report enemy ships, burned towns, absent troops, and urgent defensive preparations.", "dateLabel": "Early 12th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Early 12th century BCE", "late-bronze-collapse" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ugarit-enemy-ships" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "bronze-age-collapse" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled archaeological archive", "findContext": "Ugarit / Ras Shamra, Syria", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in cited institutional or excavation publication", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "V17.8.2 explicitly separates secure object context from the strength of any biblical identification." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "direct" }, "fingerprint": "0574f3ae", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=ugarit-enemy-ships-letter#artifact-ugarit-enemy-ships-letter", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Augarit-enemy-ships-letter", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:ophel-pithos-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "ophel-pithos-inscription", "label": "Ophel Pithos Inscription", "normalizedLabel": "ophel pithos inscription", "aliases": [], "status": "moderate", "summary": "An early alphabetic inscription was found on pithos fragments in Jerusalem’s Ophel excavations.", "dateLabel": "10th century BCE excavation context", "periodHints": [ "10th century BCE excavation context", "iron-i-epigraphy" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "peq-ophel-pithos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "solomon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "controlled-excavation", "label": "Controlled excavation", "originalDescription": "Controlled excavation context", "findContext": "Ophel, Jerusalem", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in cited institutional or excavation publication", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "V17.8.2 explicitly separates secure object context from the strength of any biblical identification." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "7822dcb1", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=ophel-pithos-inscription#artifact-ophel-pithos-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aophel-pithos-inscription", "connectionCount": 5 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:ahmose-son-abana-inscription", "type": "artifact", "id": "ahmose-son-abana-inscription", "label": "Tomb Inscription of Ahmose Son of Abana", "normalizedLabel": "tomb inscription of ahmose son of abana", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Military autobiography describing the campaigns against Avaris and captives taken after the city was plundered.", "dateLabel": "Early Eighteenth Dynasty, c. 16th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Early Eighteenth Dynasty, c. 16th century BCE", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-hotfix-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-monument", "label": "Documented monument or archaeological context", "originalDescription": "Documented context", "findContext": "Tomb EK5, Elkab, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Evaluated through the cited primary-text edition or archaeological project record." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "c2620c5b", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=ahmose-son-abana-inscription#artifact-ahmose-son-abana-inscription", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Aahmose-son-abana-inscription", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:deeds-suppiluliuma-zannanza", "type": "artifact", "id": "deeds-suppiluliuma-zannanza", "label": "Deeds of Šuppiluliuma: Zannanza Fragments", "normalizedLabel": "deeds of suppiluliuma zannanza fragments", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Royal historical composition preserving the request of an Egyptian queen for a Hittite prince and the death of Zannanza.", "dateLabel": "Late 14th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Late 14th century BCE", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-hotfix-zannanza" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-monument", "label": "Documented monument or archaeological context", "originalDescription": "Documented context", "findContext": "Hattusa (Boğazköy), Turkey", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Evaluated through the cited primary-text edition or archaeological project record." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "af38017c", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=deeds-suppiluliuma-zannanza#artifact-deeds-suppiluliuma-zannanza", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Adeeds-suppiluliuma-zannanza", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:horemheb-great-edict", "type": "artifact", "id": "horemheb-great-edict", "label": "Great Edict of Horemheb", "normalizedLabel": "great edict of horemheb", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Extensive royal decree addressing corruption, abuse by officials, legal administration, and protection of subjects.", "dateLabel": "Reign of Horemheb, late 14th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Reign of Horemheb, late 14th century BCE", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-hotfix-horemheb-edict" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-monument", "label": "Documented monument or archaeological context", "originalDescription": "Documented context", "findContext": "Tenth Pylon, Karnak Temple, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Evaluated through the cited primary-text edition or archaeological project record." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "ad6b6787", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=horemheb-great-edict#artifact-horemheb-great-edict", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Ahoremheb-great-edict", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "artifact:kv5-amunherkhepeshef", "type": "artifact", "id": "kv5-amunherkhepeshef", "label": "KV5 and Amun-her-khepeshef", "normalizedLabel": "kv5 and amun her khepeshef", "aliases": [], "status": "high", "summary": "Large tomb complex for sons of Ramesses II, with inscriptions and funerary material associated with Amun-her-khepeshef and other princes.", "dateLabel": "Reign of Ramesses II, 13th century BCE", "periodHints": [ "Reign of Ramesses II, 13th century BCE", "patriarchal-exodus-context" ], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "src-hotfix-kv5", "src-hotfix-amun-study" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "type": "", "provenance": { "classId": "documented-monument", "label": "Documented monument or archaeological context", "originalDescription": "Controlled archaeological excavation", "findContext": "Valley of the Kings, Thebes, Egypt", "chainOfCustody": "Documented in current project source", "contextConfidence": "High", "marketHistory": false, "methodNote": "Evaluated through the cited primary-text edition or archaeological project record." }, "location": "", "evidenceClass": "context" }, "fingerprint": "6db2faf1", "nativeUrl": "artifact-gallery.html?artifact=kv5-amunherkhepeshef#artifact-kv5-amunherkhepeshef", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=artifact%3Akv5-amunherkhepeshef", "connectionCount": 3 }, { "canonicalId": "source:urkesh-terru", "type": "source", "id": "urkesh-terru", "label": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "normalizedLabel": "bibliography about urkesh and the hurrians terru correspondence", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Reports letters written by Terru to Zimri-Lim and the inference that Terru exercised royal authority at Urkesh.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "type": "Primary-text discussion", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm", "note": "Reports letters written by Terru to Zimri-Lim and the inference that Terru exercised royal authority at Urkesh.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "5f24e7d7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=urkesh-terru", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Aurkesh-terru", "connectionCount": 58 }, { "canonicalId": "source:met-babylon", "type": "source", "id": "met-babylon", "label": "Babylon", "normalizedLabel": "babylon", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Overview of Old Babylonian and Neo-Babylonian history, including Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "type": "Museum essay", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon", "note": "Overview of Old Babylonian and Neo-Babylonian history, including Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "dde09b96", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=met-babylon", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Amet-babylon", "connectionCount": 112 }, { "canonicalId": "source:arce-hyksos", "type": "source", "id": "arce-hyksos", "label": "The Hyksos", "normalizedLabel": "the hyksos", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Overview of Hyksos rule, Avaris, and the Egyptian campaigns that ended the Fifteenth Dynasty.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "type": "Research overview", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/", "note": "Overview of Hyksos rule, Avaris, and the Egyptian campaigns that ended the Fifteenth Dynasty.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "b9389b8a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=arce-hyksos", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Aarce-hyksos", "connectionCount": 82 }, { "canonicalId": "source:stantis-hyksos", "type": "source", "id": "stantis-hyksos", "label": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "normalizedLabel": "strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient avaris", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Scientific study of human remains from Tell el-Dab'a and population mobility before and during Hyksos rule.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "type": "Peer-reviewed article", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/", "note": "Scientific study of human remains from Tell el-Dab'a and population mobility before and during Hyksos rule.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "8762edd6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=stantis-hyksos", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Astantis-hyksos", "connectionCount": 48 }, { "canonicalId": "source:arce-ramessides", "type": "source", "id": "arce-ramessides", "label": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "normalizedLabel": "the rise of the ramessides", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Discusses Horemheb, Paramessu/Ramesses I, and the eastern Delta background of the Ramesside dynasty.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], 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describes Piramesse as one of Egypt’s greatest royal cities, and explicitly notes that its name reached the Old Testament as “Raamses.”", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "type": "Museum object and historical synthesis", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/549222", "note": "The Met dates the palace material to the reign of Ramesses II, describes Piramesse as one of Egypt’s greatest royal cities, and explicitly notes that its name reached the Old Testament as “Raamses.”", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "501055ac", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=met-piramesse-raamses", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Amet-piramesse-raamses", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:imj-pharaoh-canaan", "type": "source", "id": "imj-pharaoh-canaan", "label": "Pharaoh in 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"source:ucl-amenhotep-ii", "type": "source", "id": "ucl-amenhotep-ii", "label": "Amenhotep II", "normalizedLabel": "amenhotep ii", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Provides the standard Eighteenth-Dynasty placement of Amenhotep II and lists attested western Asiatic and Syrian campaigns during his reign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Digital Egypt for Universities, University College London", "type": "Academic chronology and monument reference", "url": "https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/amenhotepii.html", "note": "Provides the standard Eighteenth-Dynasty placement of Amenhotep II and lists attested western Asiatic and Syrian campaigns during his reign.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "094caf63", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=ucl-amenhotep-ii", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Aucl-amenhotep-ii", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:cambridge-highland-settlement", "type": "source", "id": "cambridge-highland-settlement", "label": "The New Society (c. 1150–1050)", "normalizedLabel": "the new society c 1150 1050", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Summarizes the Iron Age I highland settlement expansion, including more than 250 surveyed sites associated with the emergence of a proto-Israelite society.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "type": "Academic archaeological synthesis", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/israels-history-and-the-history-of-israel/new-society-c-11501050/46B4CA61957F15CB994630FBBC42D13E", "note": "Summarizes the Iron Age I highland settlement expansion, including more than 250 surveyed sites associated with the 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Steinmann surveys literary, numismatic, and inscriptional evidence and argues that first-century readers would not normally have counted Tiberius’s fifteenth year from an earlier co-regency.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Tyndale Bulletin 73", "type": "Peer-reviewed chronology article", "url": "https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.37789", "note": "Andrew E. 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Daise argues that John’s festivals may form one liturgical-year sequence and proposes that John 6:4 refers to the Second Passover of Numbers 9.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Mohr Siebeck", "type": "Academic monograph", "url": "https://www.mohrsiebeck.com/en/book/feasts-in-john-9783161515729/", "note": "Michael A. 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Bond reviews the preference for 7 April 30 CE but argues that Gospel calendar tensions prevent recovery of a certain Julian date.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "New Testament Studies / Cambridge University Press", "type": "Peer-reviewed chronology critique", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688513000218", "note": "Helen K. 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"relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Radiocarbon / Cambridge University Press", "type": "Peer-reviewed archaeological article", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200047147", "note": "Garfinkel and colleagues present Khirbet Qeiyafa as a planned fortified city of the late eleventh to early tenth century BCE relevant to early Judahite state formation.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "cbb26d58", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=cambridge-qeiyafa-state", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Acambridge-qeiyafa-state", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:cambridge-qeiyafa-bayesian", "type": "source", "id": "cambridge-qeiyafa-bayesian", "label": "Radiocarbon Dating Khirbet Qeiyafa and the Iron I–IIA Phases in the Shephelah", "normalizedLabel": "radiocarbon dating khirbet qeiyafa and the iron i iia phases in the shephelah", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Finkelstein and Piasetzky use a regional Bayesian model and place Qeiyafa in the tenth century while disputing aspects of the excavators’ earlier dating and interpretation.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Radiocarbon / Cambridge University Press", "type": "Peer-reviewed archaeological chronology critique", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18336", "note": "Finkelstein and Piasetzky use a regional Bayesian model and place Qeiyafa in the tenth century while disputing aspects of the excavators’ earlier dating and interpretation.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "364cf2b1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=cambridge-qeiyafa-bayesian", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Acambridge-qeiyafa-bayesian", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:cambridge-lachish-fortifications", "type": "source", "id": "cambridge-lachish-fortifications", "label": "Lachish Fortifications and State Formation in Judah", "normalizedLabel": "lachish fortifications and state formation in judah", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Reports radiocarbon evidence for a fortified Lachish in the second half of the tenth century BCE and discusses implications for Judahite state formation.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Radiocarbon / Cambridge University Press", "type": "Peer-reviewed archaeological article", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2019.5", "note": "Reports radiocarbon evidence for a fortified Lachish in the second half of the tenth century BCE and discusses implications for Judahite state formation.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "70d87259", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=cambridge-lachish-fortifications", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Acambridge-lachish-fortifications", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:cambridge-tel-eton", "type": "source", "id": "cambridge-tel-eton", "label": "The Governor’s Residency at Tel ‘Eton and the United Monarchy", "normalizedLabel": "the governor s residency at tel eton and the united monarchy", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Faust and Sapir date the earliest phase of an elite residence to the late eleventh or tenth century BCE and argue for early social complexity in Judah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Radiocarbon / Cambridge University Press", "type": "Peer-reviewed archaeological article", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2018.10", "note": "Faust and Sapir date the earliest phase of an elite residence to the late eleventh or tenth century BCE and argue for early social complexity in 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"connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:iranica-elephantine", "type": "source", "id": "iranica-elephantine", "label": "Elephantine", "normalizedLabel": "elephantine", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Surveys the Aramaic documents, Judean military colony, YHW temple, and Persian administrative context at Elephantine.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "type": "Academic reference article", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/elephantine/", "note": "Surveys the Aramaic documents, Judean military colony, YHW temple, and Persian administrative context at Elephantine.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "c1ca2d04", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=iranica-elephantine", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Airanica-elephantine", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:cambridge-hellenistic-judaism", "type": "source", "id": "cambridge-hellenistic-judaism", "label": "Judaism in Palestine in the Hellenistic-Roman Periods", "normalizedLabel": "judaism in palestine in the hellenistic roman periods", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Emphasizes the limited evidence for fourth- and third-century BCE Judea and surveys the transition from Persian to Ptolemaic and Seleucid rule.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "type": "Academic historical synthesis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139600507.005", "note": "Emphasizes the limited evidence for fourth- and third-century BCE Judea and surveys the transition from Persian to Ptolemaic and Seleucid rule.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "df2efa9e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=cambridge-hellenistic-judaism", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Acambridge-hellenistic-judaism", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:cambridge-ptolemaic-seleucid", "type": "source", "id": "cambridge-ptolemaic-seleucid", "label": "Comparing the Ptolemaic and Seleucid Empires", "normalizedLabel": "comparing the ptolemaic and seleucid empires", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Compares imperial administration, local elites, communication, settlement, collaboration, and resistance in regions including Judea.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "type": "Academic imperial-history synthesis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108782890", "note": "Compares imperial administration, local elites, communication, settlement, collaboration, and resistance in regions including Judea.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "3da9bd59", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=cambridge-ptolemaic-seleucid", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Acambridge-ptolemaic-seleucid", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:cambridge-regional-revolts", "type": "source", "id": "cambridge-regional-revolts", "label": "Regional Revolts in the Seleucid and Ptolemaic Empires", "normalizedLabel": "regional revolts in the seleucid and ptolemaic empires", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Honigman and Veïsse analyze the Maccabean revolt through interacting local, fiscal, political, and imperial pressures rather than a single cultural cause.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "type": "Academic comparative history chapter", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108782890.012", "note": "Honigman and Veïsse analyze the Maccabean revolt through interacting local, fiscal, political, and imperial pressures rather than a single cultural cause.", "verificationProfile": null }, "fingerprint": "cdf8bfed", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?source=cambridge-regional-revolts", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=source%3Acambridge-regional-revolts", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "source:jjar-jerubbaal", "type": "source", "id": "jjar-jerubbaal", "label": "The Jerubba‘al Inscription from Khirbet al-Ra‘i", "normalizedLabel": "the jerubba al inscription from khirbet al ra i", "aliases": [], "status": "", "summary": "Publishes the inked jug inscription Yrb‘l from a controlled late twelfth- or early eleventh-century BCE context and explicitly limits the comparison with Gideon to the name and broad period.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { 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"documented", "summary": "The Merneptah Stela identifies a people called Israel in Canaan by approximately 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "note": "This is a firm upper boundary, not proof of the Exodus date." }, "fingerprint": "389cdcb8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=merneptah-boundary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Amerneptah-boundary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:herod-eclipse", "type": "claim", "id": "herod-eclipse", "label": "Josephus places a lunar eclipse before Herod’s final illness and death, with Passover later in the narrative.", "normalizedLabel": "josephus places a lunar eclipse before herod s final illness and death with passover later in the narrative", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Josephus places a lunar eclipse before Herod’s final illness and death, with Passover later in the narrative.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "josephus-eclipse-passage" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "note": "Josephus supplies the sequence, not a numbered BCE date." }, "fingerprint": "82c58542", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-eclipse#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aherod-eclipse", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:herod-1bce", "type": "claim", "id": "herod-1bce", "label": "This project adopts a 1 BCE death for Herod to preserve the September 3 BCE birth chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "this project adopts a 1 bce death for herod to preserve the september 3 bce birth chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "minority", "summary": "This project adopts a 1 BCE death for Herod to preserve the September 3 BCE birth chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "josephus-ant17" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "project-conclusion", "note": "Most modern historical chronologies continue to use 4 BCE." }, "fingerprint": "39020089", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-1bce#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aherod-1bce", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:rev12-astronomy", "type": "claim", "id": "rev12-astronomy", "label": "Revelation 12 is interpreted as containing a celestial layer corresponding to the Sun, Moon, and Virgo in September 3 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "revelation 12 is interpreted as containing a celestial layer corresponding to the sun moon and virgo in september 3 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "interpretive", "summary": "Revelation 12 is interpreted as containing a celestial layer corresponding to the Sun, Moon, and Virgo in September 3 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "project-inference", "note": "The passage’s messianic symbolism is clear; its use as a calendrical sky map is disputed." }, "fingerprint": "73a1ec4c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rev12-astronomy#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Arev12-astronomy", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:rev12-recurrence", "type": "claim", "id": "rev12-recurrence", "label": "Sun–Virgo–Moon configurations recur, so astronomical correspondence alone cannot uniquely identify Jesus’ birthday.", "normalizedLabel": "sun virgo moon configurations recur so astronomical correspondence alone cannot uniquely identify jesus birthday", "aliases": [], "status": "major", "summary": "Sun–Virgo–Moon configurations recur, so astronomical correspondence alone cannot uniquely identify Jesus’ birthday.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "objection", "note": "The project therefore relies on the combined chronological and symbolic sequence, not the Virgo configuration alone." }, "fingerprint": "1a82769e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rev12-recurrence#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Arev12-recurrence", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:omri-samaria-capital", "type": "claim", "id": "omri-samaria-capital", "label": "Samaria became the capital of the northern kingdom during the Omride period.", "normalizedLabel": "samaria became the capital of the northern kingdom during the omride period", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Samaria became the capital of the northern kingdom during the Omride period.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "omri-samaria" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-synthesis", "note": "Material remains and later written sources establish Samaria’s capital role; assigning every building phase directly to Omri remains debated." }, "fingerprint": "bfaeb1cb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=omri-samaria-capital#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aomri-samaria-capital", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:manasseh-assyrian-vassal", "type": "claim", "id": "manasseh-assyrian-vassal", "label": "Assyrian royal lists name Manasseh of Judah among western vassal kings.", "normalizedLabel": "assyrian royal lists name manasseh of judah among western vassal kings", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Assyrian royal lists name Manasseh of Judah among western vassal kings.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "manasseh-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "note": "This independently anchors Manasseh within the Assyrian imperial order." }, "fingerprint": "07a29d06", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=manasseh-assyrian-vassal#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Amanasseh-assyrian-vassal", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:gallio-paul-anchor", "type": "claim", "id": "gallio-paul-anchor", "label": "Gallio’s proconsulship fixes Paul’s Corinthian activity near 51–52 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "gallio s proconsulship fixes paul s corinthian activity near 51 52 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Gallio’s proconsulship fixes Paul’s Corinthian activity near 51–52 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gallio-corinth" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "note": "The inscription fixes Gallio’s office; the exact day of Paul’s hearing remains reconstructed from Acts." }, "fingerprint": "f7c7a492", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gallio-paul-anchor#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Agallio-paul-anchor", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:agrippa-death-44", "type": "claim", "id": "agrippa-death-44", "label": "Herod Agrippa I died in 44 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "herod agrippa i died in 44 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Herod Agrippa I died in 44 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "agrippa-i-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "note": "Josephus independently anchors the reign and death used by Acts chronology." }, "fingerprint": "10d74397", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=agrippa-death-44#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aagrippa-death-44", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:james-death-62", "type": "claim", "id": "james-death-62", "label": "Josephus places the execution of James, brother of Jesus, in the interregnum of 62 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "josephus places the execution of james brother of jesus in the interregnum of 62 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Josephus places the execution of James, brother of Jesus, in the interregnum of 62 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "james-brother-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "note": "This is one of the strongest non-Christian chronological anchors for the Jerusalem church." }, "fingerprint": "d64b7111", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=james-death-62#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Ajames-death-62", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:jerusalem-destruction-70", "type": "claim", "id": "jerusalem-destruction-70", "label": "Roman forces captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple in 70 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "roman forces captured jerusalem and destroyed the temple in 70 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Roman forces captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple in 70 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "note": "Literary, archaeological, numismatic, and monumental evidence converge on the event and date." }, "fingerprint": "f97da6ba", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jerusalem-destruction-70#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Ajerusalem-destruction-70", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:masada-date", "type": "claim", "id": "masada-date", "label": "Masada fell to Roman forces in 73/74 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "masada fell to roman forces in 73 74 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Masada fell to Roman forces in 73/74 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "masada-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-synthesis", "note": "The event is securely placed at the end of the revolt, while conversion between ancient chronological systems leaves a one-year variation." }, "fingerprint": "f6f6063e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=masada-date#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Amasada-date", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:bar-kokhba-dates", "type": "claim", "id": "bar-kokhba-dates", "label": "The Bar Kokhba revolt occurred from 132 to 135 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "the bar kokhba revolt occurred from 132 to 135 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Bar Kokhba revolt occurred from 132 to 135 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires-gallery" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "bar-kokhba-revolt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "note": "Coins, letters, caves, and Roman evidence establish the revolt and its short-lived administration." }, "fingerprint": "c9a703ca", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=bar-kokhba-dates#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Abar-kokhba-dates", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:esther-xerxes-caution", "type": "claim", "id": "esther-xerxes-caution", "label": "Ahasuerus is commonly identified with Xerxes I, but Esther and Mordecai are not independently attested.", "normalizedLabel": "ahasuerus is commonly identified with xerxes i but esther and mordecai are not independently attested", "aliases": [], "status": "disputed", "summary": "Ahasuerus is commonly identified with Xerxes I, but Esther and Mordecai are not independently attested.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "esther-persian-court" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "interpretive-caution", "note": "The identification provides a plausible court horizon without proving the narrative." }, "fingerprint": "ff8a3f99", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=esther-xerxes-caution#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aesther-xerxes-caution", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:acts-chronology-method", "type": "claim", "id": "acts-chronology-method", "label": "Pauline chronology must be reconstructed from both Acts and the letters, with the Gallio date as the strongest fixed point.", "normalizedLabel": "pauline chronology must be reconstructed from both acts and the letters with the gallio date as the strongest fixed point", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Pauline chronology must be reconstructed from both Acts and the letters, with the Gallio date as the strongest fixed point.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "paul-second-journey" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "methodological-caution", "note": "The journey labels are useful summaries but should not imply that every route and date is independently secure." }, "fingerprint": "d0df3dac", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=acts-chronology-method#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aacts-chronology-method", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:ahmose-avaris-captives", "type": "claim", "id": "ahmose-avaris-captives", "label": "Ahmose son of Abana records Avaris being plundered and four people from the city being assigned to him as slaves.", "normalizedLabel": "ahmose son of abana records avaris being plundered and four people from the city being assigned to him as slaves", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ahmose son of Abana records Avaris being plundered and four people from the city being assigned to him as slaves.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "note": "This supports captivity after the conquest but does not identify Israelites or mass enslavement." }, "fingerprint": "baa5cf59", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ahmose-avaris-captives#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aahmose-avaris-captives", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:ahmose-israel-model", "type": "claim", "id": "ahmose-israel-model", "label": "The project places the beginning of Israelite servitude within the dynastic reversal after Ahmose I captured Avaris.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places the beginning of israelite servitude within the dynastic reversal after ahmose i captured avaris", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places the beginning of Israelite servitude within the dynastic reversal after Ahmose I captured Avaris.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "note": "The Israelite identification is inferred, not stated by the Egyptian source." }, "fingerprint": "29453e80", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ahmose-israel-model#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aahmose-israel-model", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:zannanza-core", "type": "claim", "id": "zannanza-core", "label": "Hittite sources preserve an Egyptian queen’s request for a Hittite prince, Zannanza’s mission and death, and the resulting hostile crisis.", "normalizedLabel": "hittite sources preserve an egyptian queen s request for a hittite prince zannanza s mission and death and the resulting hostile crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Hittite sources preserve an Egyptian queen’s request for a Hittite prince, Zannanza’s mission and death, and the resulting hostile crisis.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "note": "The exact queen and responsibility for the prince’s death remain debated." }, "fingerprint": "b86819f9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Azannanza-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:zannanza-exodus-fear", "type": "claim", "id": "zannanza-exodus-fear", "label": "The project treats the Zannanza crisis as the political trigger behind the fear that Hebrews might join Egypt’s enemies in Exodus 1:10.", "normalizedLabel": "the project treats the zannanza crisis as the political trigger behind the fear that hebrews might join egypt s enemies in exodus 1 10", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project treats the Zannanza crisis as the political trigger behind the fear that Hebrews might join Egypt’s enemies in Exodus 1:10.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "note": "No surviving source links the crisis to Hebrews or an infant decree." }, "fingerprint": "f15f5209", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-exodus-fear#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Azannanza-exodus-fear", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:ay-infant-decree", "type": "claim", "id": "ay-infant-decree", "label": "The project places the decree against Hebrew male infants and Moses’s birth under Ay around 1322–1320 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places the decree against hebrew male infants and moses s birth under ay around 1322 1320 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "speculative", "summary": "The project places the decree against Hebrew male infants and Moses’s birth under Ay around 1322–1320 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "note": "This is a proposed synchronism, not an externally attested policy." }, "fingerprint": "38118e2e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ay-infant-decree#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aay-infant-decree", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:moses-age-noncontrolling", "type": "claim", "id": "moses-age-noncontrolling", "label": "The model treats Moses’s age totals in Exodus, Deuteronomy, and Acts as schematic, traditional, or non-controlling for absolute chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "the model treats moses s age totals in exodus deuteronomy and acts as schematic traditional or non controlling for absolute chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "The model treats Moses’s age totals in Exodus, Deuteronomy, and Acts as schematic, traditional, or non-controlling for absolute chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "methodological-assumption", "note": "This assumption is required to place birth under Ay and the Exodus in 1254 BCE." }, "fingerprint": "be2120ac", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-age-noncontrolling#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Amoses-age-noncontrolling", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:horemheb-edict-core", "type": "claim", "id": "horemheb-edict-core", "label": "Horemheb’s Great Edict documents a royal program addressing administrative abuse and corruption.", "normalizedLabel": "horemheb s great edict documents a royal program addressing administrative abuse and corruption", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Horemheb’s Great Edict documents a royal program addressing administrative abuse and corruption.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "note": "It does not mention Moses or Israelites." }, "fingerprint": "b9ac358e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-edict-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Ahoremheb-edict-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:horemheb-moses-flight", "type": "claim", "id": "horemheb-moses-flight", "label": "The project places Moses’s adulthood and flight during Horemheb’s reign.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places moses s adulthood and flight during horemheb s reign", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places Moses’s adulthood and flight during Horemheb’s reign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "horemheb-edict-mma", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "note": "Chronologically possible inside the model but historically unattested." }, "fingerprint": "5c561441", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-moses-flight#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Ahoremheb-moses-flight", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:midian-duration", "type": "claim", "id": "midian-duration", "label": "Exodus 4:19 refers to multiple men seeking Moses’s life, so the model does not require one pharaoh to reign for a literal forty-year Midian interval.", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 4 19 refers to multiple men seeking moses s life so the model does not require one pharaoh to reign for a literal forty year midian interval", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Exodus 4:19 refers to multiple men seeking Moses’s life, so the model does not require one pharaoh to reign for a literal forty-year Midian interval.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "textual-interpretation", "note": "Acts 7’s forty-year blocks are not used as exact elapsed chronology." }, "fingerprint": "14068d3b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=midian-duration#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Amidian-duration", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:piramesse-final-labor", "type": "claim", "id": "piramesse-final-labor", "label": "Pi-Ramesses supplies a strong Ramesside setting for the final construction-labor phase and the Raamses toponym.", "normalizedLabel": "pi ramesses supplies a strong ramesside setting for the final construction labor phase and the raamses toponym", "aliases": [], "status": "major", "summary": "Pi-Ramesses supplies a strong Ramesside setting for the final construction-labor phase and the Raamses toponym.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "note": "The site does not identify Israelite workers." }, "fingerprint": "e75e5d59", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=piramesse-final-labor#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apiramesse-final-labor", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:amun-firstborn-core", "type": "claim", "id": "amun-firstborn-core", "label": "Amun-her-khepeshef was Ramesses II’s firstborn son and initial crown prince and disappears from the succession around regnal Year 25–26.", "normalizedLabel": "amun her khepeshef was ramesses ii s firstborn son and initial crown prince and disappears from the succession around regnal year 25 26", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Amun-her-khepeshef was Ramesses II’s firstborn son and initial crown prince and disappears from the succession around regnal Year 25–26.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "note": "The exact year and cause of death are uncertain." }, "fingerprint": "448136b1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amun-firstborn-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aamun-firstborn-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:amun-tenth-plague", "type": "claim", "id": "amun-tenth-plague", "label": "The project identifies Amun-her-khepeshef with Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12 and adopts 1254 BCE for the first Passover.", "normalizedLabel": "the project identifies amun her khepeshef with pharaoh s firstborn in exodus 12 and adopts 1254 bce for the first passover", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project identifies Amun-her-khepeshef with Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12 and adopts 1254 BCE for the first Passover.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "note": "No Egyptian source records the tenth plague or the prince’s cause of death." }, "fingerprint": "f884d476", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amun-tenth-plague#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aamun-tenth-plague", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:exodus-1254", "type": "claim", "id": "exodus-1254", "label": "The project places the Exodus in 1254 BCE under Ramesses II, in the same year as the adopted Amun-her-khepeshef synchronism.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places the exodus in 1254 bce under ramesses ii in the same year as the adopted amun her khepeshef synchronism", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places the Exodus in 1254 BCE under Ramesses II, in the same year as the adopted Amun-her-khepeshef synchronism.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "note": "The exact date falls if the prince synchronism is rejected; a broader Ramesside model may survive." }, "fingerprint": "e2689071", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-1254#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aexodus-1254", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:ramesses-survives", "type": "claim", "id": "ramesses-survives", "label": "The model allows Ramesses II to survive the sea crossing because Exodus does not explicitly state that Pharaoh himself died.", "normalizedLabel": "the model allows ramesses ii to survive the sea crossing because exodus does not explicitly state that pharaoh himself died", "aliases": [], "status": "plausible", "summary": "The model allows Ramesses II to survive the sea crossing because Exodus does not explicitly state that Pharaoh himself died.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "textual-interpretation", "note": "The destruction of Pharaoh’s pursuing forces is retained without identifying the king among the dead." }, "fingerprint": "e0a79d51", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-survives#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aramesses-survives", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:wilderness-1254-1214", "type": "claim", "id": "wilderness-1254-1214", "label": "A forty-year project interval from 1254 BCE ends around 1214 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "a forty year project interval from 1254 bce ends around 1214 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "A forty-year project interval from 1254 BCE ends around 1214 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "chronological-model", "note": "The forty years may be schematic, but the interval must end before Israel’s c. 1208 BCE external attestation." }, "fingerprint": "40cdd08e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=wilderness-1254-1214#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Awilderness-1254-1214", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:israel-1208-boundary", "type": "claim", "id": "israel-1208-boundary", "label": "The Merneptah Stela requires a people called Israel to be present in Canaan by about 1208 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the merneptah stela requires a people called israel to be present in canaan by about 1208 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Merneptah Stela requires a people called Israel to be present in Canaan by about 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "note": "It does not explain Israel’s origin or prove the Exodus." }, "fingerprint": "b13d75e0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-1208-boundary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Aisrael-1208-boundary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-p46-pauline-codex-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-p46-pauline-codex-core", "label": "An early papyrus codex demonstrates that a substantial collection of Pauline letters circulated together by the late second or early third century.", "normalizedLabel": "an early papyrus codex demonstrates that a substantial collection of pauline letters circulated together by the late second or early third century", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "An early papyrus codex demonstrates that a substantial collection of Pauline letters circulated together by the late second or early third century.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "p46-pauline-codex" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "852daf26", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-p46-pauline-codex-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-p46-pauline-codex-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-mishnah-redaction-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-mishnah-redaction-core", "label": "Rabbinic legal traditions are organized into the six orders of the Mishnah, conventionally associated with Judah ha-Nasi and the early third century.", "normalizedLabel": "rabbinic legal traditions are organized into the six orders of the mishnah conventionally associated with judah ha nasi and the early third century", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Rabbinic legal traditions are organized into the six orders of the Mishnah, conventionally associated with Judah ha-Nasi and the early third century.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mishnah-redaction" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "448a771e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-mishnah-redaction-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-mishnah-redaction-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-rabbinic-academies-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-rabbinic-academies-core", "label": "Networks of teachers, courts, and academies in Roman Palestine and Sasanian Babylonia shape the institutions and literature of classical rabbinic Judaism.", "normalizedLabel": "networks of teachers courts and academies in roman palestine and sasanian babylonia shape the institutions and literature of classical rabbinic judaism", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Networks of teachers, courts, and academies in Roman Palestine and Sasanian Babylonia shape the institutions and literature of classical rabbinic Judaism.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rabbinic-academies" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "71936bfe", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-rabbinic-academies-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-rabbinic-academies-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-armenia-christian-kingdom-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-armenia-christian-kingdom-core", "label": "Armenian tradition places the royal adoption of Christianity under Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminator near the beginning of the fourth century.", "normalizedLabel": "armenian tradition places the royal adoption of christianity under tiridates iii and gregory the illuminator near the beginning of the fourth century", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Armenian tradition places the royal adoption of Christianity under Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminator near the beginning of the fourth century.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "armenia-christian-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "0a4513f4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-armenia-christian-kingdom-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-armenia-christian-kingdom-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-great-persecution-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-great-persecution-core", "label": "Imperial edicts under Diocletian and his colleagues target churches, scriptures, clergy, and Christian participation in public life.", "normalizedLabel": "imperial edicts under diocletian and his colleagues target churches scriptures clergy and christian participation in public life", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Imperial edicts under Diocletian and his colleagues target churches, scriptures, clergy, and Christian participation in public life.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "great-persecution" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "797eb272", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-great-persecution-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-great-persecution-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-edict-milan-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-edict-milan-core", "label": "The agreement conventionally called the Edict of Milan establishes broad toleration and restitution for Christians after imperial persecution.", "normalizedLabel": "the agreement conventionally called the edict of milan establishes broad toleration and restitution for christians after imperial persecution", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The agreement conventionally called the Edict of Milan establishes broad toleration and restitution for Christians after imperial persecution.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "edict-milan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "037df264", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-edict-milan-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-edict-milan-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-council-nicaea-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-council-nicaea-core", "label": "Bishops convened by Constantine address the controversy associated with Arius, formulate a creed, and establish disciplinary canons.", "normalizedLabel": "bishops convened by constantine address the controversy associated with arius formulate a creed and establish disciplinary canons", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Bishops convened by Constantine address the controversy associated with Arius, formulate a creed, and establish disciplinary canons.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "council-nicaea" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "0cb7dec6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-council-nicaea-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-council-nicaea-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-aksum-christianity-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-aksum-christianity-core", "label": "Royal patronage under Ezana marks the public establishment of Christianity in the Aksumite kingdom.", "normalizedLabel": "royal patronage under ezana marks the public establishment of christianity in the aksumite kingdom", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Royal patronage under Ezana marks the public establishment of Christianity in the Aksumite kingdom.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "aksum-christianity" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "8b13c0bc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-aksum-christianity-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-aksum-christianity-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-codex-sinaiticus-era-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-codex-sinaiticus-era-core", "label": "A fourth-century Greek codex preserves most of the Septuagint and the complete New Testament together with other early Christian works.", "normalizedLabel": "a fourth century greek codex preserves most of the septuagint and the complete new testament together with other early christian works", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A fourth-century Greek codex preserves most of the Septuagint and the complete New Testament together with other early Christian works.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus-era" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "88f83589", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-codex-sinaiticus-era-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-codex-sinaiticus-era-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-imperial-christianity-constantinople-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-imperial-christianity-constantinople-core", "label": "Theodosius I promotes Nicene Christianity as the empire’s normative faith, and the council of 381 develops the creed and ecclesiastical settlement.", "normalizedLabel": "theodosius i promotes nicene christianity as the empire s normative faith and the council of 381 develops the creed and ecclesiastical settlement", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Theodosius I promotes Nicene Christianity as the empire’s normative faith, and the council of 381 develops the creed and ecclesiastical settlement.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "imperial-christianity-constantinople" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "19dc7a4f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-imperial-christianity-constantinople-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-imperial-christianity-constantinople-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-jerusalem-talmud-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-jerusalem-talmud-core", "label": "Palestinian rabbinic discussions on the Mishnah are assembled in the work commonly called the Jerusalem or Palestinian Talmud.", "normalizedLabel": "palestinian rabbinic discussions on the mishnah are assembled in the work commonly called the jerusalem or palestinian talmud", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Palestinian rabbinic discussions on the Mishnah are assembled in the work commonly called the Jerusalem or Palestinian Talmud.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-talmud" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "9b0b68cd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-jerusalem-talmud-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-jerusalem-talmud-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-council-ephesus-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-council-ephesus-core", "label": "The council condemns Nestorius and affirms the title Theotokos for Mary within debates about the unity of Christ.", "normalizedLabel": "the council condemns nestorius and affirms the title theotokos for mary within debates about the unity of christ", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The council condemns Nestorius and affirms the title Theotokos for Mary within debates about the unity of Christ.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "council-ephesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "fc6540ae", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-council-ephesus-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-council-ephesus-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-council-chalcedon-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-council-chalcedon-core", "label": "Chalcedon defines Christ as one person in two natures and reorganizes aspects of imperial church authority.", "normalizedLabel": "chalcedon defines christ as one person in two natures and reorganizes aspects of imperial church authority", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Chalcedon defines Christ as one person in two natures and reorganizes aspects of imperial church authority.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "council-chalcedon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "00de7f86", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-council-chalcedon-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-council-chalcedon-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-babylonian-talmud-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-babylonian-talmud-core", "label": "Generations of Babylonian rabbinic discussion are compiled around the Mishnah into the work that becomes the most influential Talmud in later Jewish law and learning.", "normalizedLabel": "generations of babylonian rabbinic discussion are compiled around the mishnah into the work that becomes the most influential talmud in later jewish law and learning", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Generations of Babylonian rabbinic discussion are compiled around the Mishnah into the work that becomes the most influential Talmud in later Jewish law and learning.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "babylonian-talmud" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "06d130cc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-babylonian-talmud-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-babylonian-talmud-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-rule-benedict-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-rule-benedict-core", "label": "The Rule associated with Benedict of Nursia offers a disciplined pattern of prayer, labor, authority, and community.", "normalizedLabel": "the rule associated with benedict of nursia offers a disciplined pattern of prayer labor authority and community", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Rule associated with Benedict of Nursia offers a disciplined pattern of prayer, labor, authority, and community.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rule-benedict" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "e7f41e34", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-rule-benedict-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-rule-benedict-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-persian-capture-jerusalem-614-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-persian-capture-jerusalem-614-core", "label": "Sasanian forces capture Jerusalem during the last great Roman–Persian war, accompanied by severe violence and shifting local alliances.", "normalizedLabel": "sasanian forces capture jerusalem during the last great roman persian war accompanied by severe violence and shifting local alliances", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Sasanian forces capture Jerusalem during the last great Roman–Persian war, accompanied by severe violence and shifting local alliances.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "persian-capture-jerusalem-614" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "9c68773a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-persian-capture-jerusalem-614-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-persian-capture-jerusalem-614-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-core", "label": "Jerusalem passes from Byzantine to early Islamic rule during the conquests of the caliphate.", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem passes from byzantine to early islamic rule during the conquests of the caliphate", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Jerusalem passes from Byzantine to early Islamic rule during the conquests of the caliphate.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "b58e5ee2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-gaonic-era-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-gaonic-era-core", "label": "The heads of Babylonian academies answer legal questions from dispersed communities and extend the influence of the Babylonian Talmud.", "normalizedLabel": "the heads of babylonian academies answer legal questions from dispersed communities and extend the influence of the babylonian talmud", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The heads of Babylonian academies answer legal questions from dispersed communities and extend the influence of the Babylonian Talmud.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gaonic-era" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "8461d389", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-gaonic-era-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-gaonic-era-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-byzantine-iconoclasm-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-byzantine-iconoclasm-core", "label": "Imperial campaigns against religious images provoke prolonged theological, political, and monastic conflict in Byzantium.", "normalizedLabel": "imperial campaigns against religious images provoke prolonged theological political and monastic conflict in byzantium", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Imperial campaigns against religious images provoke prolonged theological, political, and monastic conflict in Byzantium.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "byzantine-iconoclasm" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "c8e8cf4f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-byzantine-iconoclasm-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-byzantine-iconoclasm-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-charlemagne-coronation-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-charlemagne-coronation-core", "label": "Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne in Rome, creating a new Western imperial claim alongside Byzantium.", "normalizedLabel": "pope leo iii crowns charlemagne in rome creating a new western imperial claim alongside byzantium", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne in Rome, creating a new Western imperial claim alongside Byzantium.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "charlemagne-coronation" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "a454115c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-charlemagne-coronation-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-charlemagne-coronation-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-masoretic-tradition-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-masoretic-tradition-core", "label": "Masoretic scholars preserve, vocalize, accent, and annotate the Hebrew biblical text in major manuscript traditions.", "normalizedLabel": "masoretic scholars preserve vocalize accent and annotate the hebrew biblical text in major manuscript traditions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Masoretic scholars preserve, vocalize, accent, and annotate the Hebrew biblical text in major manuscript traditions.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "masoretic-tradition" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "7dac104b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-masoretic-tradition-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-masoretic-tradition-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-andalus-jewish-flourishing-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-andalus-jewish-flourishing-core", "label": "Jewish poets, grammarians, physicians, philosophers, and communal leaders participate in the Arabic-speaking culture of Iberia.", "normalizedLabel": "jewish poets grammarians physicians philosophers and communal leaders participate in the arabic speaking culture of iberia", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Jewish poets, grammarians, physicians, philosophers, and communal leaders participate in the Arabic-speaking culture of Iberia.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "andalus-jewish-flourishing" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "d8cb9074", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-andalus-jewish-flourishing-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-andalus-jewish-flourishing-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-kievan-rus-christianization-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-kievan-rus-christianization-core", "label": "The baptism associated with Vladimir of Kyiv links the Rus’ polity to Byzantine Christianity.", "normalizedLabel": "the baptism associated with vladimir of kyiv links the rus polity to byzantine christianity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The baptism associated with Vladimir of Kyiv links the Rus’ polity to Byzantine Christianity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kievan-rus-christianization" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "fe43329c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-kievan-rus-christianization-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-kievan-rus-christianization-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-east-west-schism-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-east-west-schism-core", "label": "Mutual excommunications in 1054 become a symbolic date for the widening estrangement between Latin West and Greek East.", "normalizedLabel": "mutual excommunications in 1054 become a symbolic date for the widening estrangement between latin west and greek east", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Mutual excommunications in 1054 become a symbolic date for the widening estrangement between Latin West and Greek East.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "east-west-schism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "0ab08b2a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-east-west-schism-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-east-west-schism-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-rashi-life-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-rashi-life-core", "label": "Rashi’s commentaries on the Hebrew Bible and Babylonian Talmud become central tools of Jewish study.", "normalizedLabel": "rashi s commentaries on the hebrew bible and babylonian talmud become central tools of jewish study", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Rashi’s commentaries on the Hebrew Bible and Babylonian Talmud become central tools of Jewish study.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rashi-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "b58527df", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-rashi-life-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-rashi-life-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-first-crusade-rhineland-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-first-crusade-rhineland-core", "label": "Crusading armies and local mobs attack Jewish communities in the Rhineland while armies move toward the eastern Mediterranean.", "normalizedLabel": "crusading armies and local mobs attack jewish communities in the rhineland while armies move toward the eastern mediterranean", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Crusading armies and local mobs attack Jewish communities in the Rhineland while armies move toward the eastern Mediterranean.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-crusade-rhineland" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "8e6435f2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-first-crusade-rhineland-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-first-crusade-rhineland-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-crusader-capture-jerusalem-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-crusader-capture-jerusalem-core", "label": "Crusader forces seize Jerusalem and kill many Muslim and Jewish inhabitants before establishing a Latin Christian kingdom.", "normalizedLabel": "crusader forces seize jerusalem and kill many muslim and jewish inhabitants before establishing a latin christian kingdom", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Crusader forces seize Jerusalem and kill many Muslim and Jewish inhabitants before establishing a Latin Christian kingdom.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crusader-capture-jerusalem" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "89042c6f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-crusader-capture-jerusalem-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-crusader-capture-jerusalem-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-maimonides-life-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-maimonides-life-core", "label": "Moses Maimonides writes the Mishneh Torah, Guide of the Perplexed, medical works, and communal letters across the western Islamic and Egyptian worlds.", "normalizedLabel": "moses maimonides writes the mishneh torah guide of the perplexed medical works and communal letters across the western islamic and egyptian worlds", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Moses Maimonides writes the Mishneh Torah, Guide of the Perplexed, medical works, and communal letters across the western Islamic and Egyptian worlds.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "maimonides-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "0943afb8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-maimonides-life-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-maimonides-life-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-fourth-crusade-1204-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-fourth-crusade-1204-core", "label": "Latin crusaders capture and plunder Constantinople, displacing Byzantine rule and deepening Eastern–Western hostility.", "normalizedLabel": "latin crusaders capture and plunder constantinople displacing byzantine rule and deepening eastern western hostility", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Latin crusaders capture and plunder Constantinople, displacing Byzantine rule and deepening Eastern–Western hostility.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-crusade-1204" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "3d8bef16", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-fourth-crusade-1204-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-fourth-crusade-1204-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-fourth-lateran-council-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-fourth-lateran-council-core", "label": "The council defines reforms and doctrines for Latin Christianity while also imposing distinctive dress and other restrictions on Jews and Muslims.", "normalizedLabel": "the council defines reforms and doctrines for latin christianity while also imposing distinctive dress and other restrictions on jews and muslims", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The council defines reforms and doctrines for Latin Christianity while also imposing distinctive dress and other restrictions on Jews and Muslims.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-lateran-council" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "ff540b09", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-fourth-lateran-council-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-fourth-lateran-council-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-england-expulsion-jews-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-england-expulsion-jews-core", "label": "Edward I orders the expulsion of Jews from England after decades of taxation, legal restriction, debt politics, and persecution.", "normalizedLabel": "edward i orders the expulsion of jews from england after decades of taxation legal restriction debt politics and persecution", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Edward I orders the expulsion of Jews from England after decades of taxation, legal restriction, debt politics, and persecution.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "england-expulsion-jews" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "ac1f0f83", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-england-expulsion-jews-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-england-expulsion-jews-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-black-death-jewish-persecution-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-black-death-jewish-persecution-core", "label": "During the plague, false accusations of well poisoning and other conspiracies contribute to expulsions and massacres across parts of Europe.", "normalizedLabel": "during the plague false accusations of well poisoning and other conspiracies contribute to expulsions and massacres across parts of europe", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "During the plague, false accusations of well poisoning and other conspiracies contribute to expulsions and massacres across parts of Europe.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "black-death-jewish-persecution" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "55b98e90", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-black-death-jewish-persecution-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-black-death-jewish-persecution-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-western-schism-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-western-schism-core", "label": "Competing papal obediences divide Latin Christianity until the Council of Constance restores a single recognized papal line.", "normalizedLabel": "competing papal obediences divide latin christianity until the council of constance restores a single recognized papal line", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Competing papal obediences divide Latin Christianity until the Council of Constance restores a single recognized papal line.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "western-schism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "8cb179f1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-western-schism-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-western-schism-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-fall-constantinople-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-fall-constantinople-core", "label": "Ottoman forces capture Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and transforming the political setting of Eastern Christianity.", "normalizedLabel": "ottoman forces capture constantinople ending the byzantine empire and transforming the political setting of eastern christianity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ottoman forces capture Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and transforming the political setting of Eastern Christianity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fall-constantinople" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "95310cee", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-fall-constantinople-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-fall-constantinople-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-gutenberg-bible-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-gutenberg-bible-core", "label": "The Latin Vulgate is produced with movable metal type in Mainz, demonstrating the transformative capacity of European print.", "normalizedLabel": "the latin vulgate is produced with movable metal type in mainz demonstrating the transformative capacity of european print", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Latin Vulgate is produced with movable metal type in Mainz, demonstrating the transformative capacity of European print.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "loc-gutenberg-bible" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gutenberg-bible" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "8f940a59", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-gutenberg-bible-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-gutenberg-bible-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-spanish-inquisition-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-spanish-inquisition-core", "label": "The monarchy establishes an inquisition chiefly concerned with the orthodoxy of baptized Christians, including converts from Judaism and Islam.", "normalizedLabel": "the monarchy establishes an inquisition chiefly concerned with the orthodoxy of baptized christians including converts from judaism and islam", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The monarchy establishes an inquisition chiefly concerned with the orthodoxy of baptized Christians, including converts from Judaism and Islam.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "spanish-inquisition" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "b8387dd2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-spanish-inquisition-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-spanish-inquisition-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-expulsion-spain-1492-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-expulsion-spain-1492-core", "label": "The Alhambra Decree orders practicing Jews to convert or leave the Spanish kingdoms.", "normalizedLabel": "the alhambra decree orders practicing jews to convert or leave the spanish kingdoms", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Alhambra Decree orders practicing Jews to convert or leave the Spanish kingdoms.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "expulsion-spain-1492" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "0ffe0e00", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-expulsion-spain-1492-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-expulsion-spain-1492-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-ottoman-sephardic-resettlement-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-ottoman-sephardic-resettlement-core", "label": "Sephardic exiles establish or enlarge communities in cities including Salonica, Constantinople, Safed, and Sarajevo.", "normalizedLabel": "sephardic exiles establish or enlarge communities in cities including salonica constantinople safed and sarajevo", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Sephardic exiles establish or enlarge communities in cities including Salonica, Constantinople, Safed, and Sarajevo.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic", "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ottoman-sephardic-resettlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "62070124", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-ottoman-sephardic-resettlement-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-ottoman-sephardic-resettlement-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-portugal-forced-conversion-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-portugal-forced-conversion-core", "label": "Portuguese royal policy prevents many Jews from leaving and imposes mass baptism, creating a large New Christian population.", "normalizedLabel": "portuguese royal policy prevents many jews from leaving and imposes mass baptism creating a large new christian population", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Portuguese royal policy prevents many Jews from leaving and imposes mass baptism, creating a large New Christian population.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "portugal-forced-conversion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "ed4a3a59", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-portugal-forced-conversion-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-portugal-forced-conversion-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-reformation-1517-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-reformation-1517-core", "label": "Martin Luther’s challenge to indulgence preaching becomes a wider dispute over authority, justification, sacraments, scripture, and reform.", "normalizedLabel": "martin luther s challenge to indulgence preaching becomes a wider dispute over authority justification sacraments scripture and reform", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Martin Luther’s challenge to indulgence preaching becomes a wider dispute over authority, justification, sacraments, scripture, and reform.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "reformation-1517" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "0f129bd3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-reformation-1517-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-reformation-1517-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-diet-worms-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-diet-worms-core", "label": "Luther refuses to recant writings unless persuaded by scripture or reason and is placed under imperial ban.", "normalizedLabel": "luther refuses to recant writings unless persuaded by scripture or reason and is placed under imperial ban", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Luther refuses to recant writings unless persuaded by scripture or reason and is placed under imperial ban.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "diet-worms" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "2bf0bec8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-diet-worms-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-diet-worms-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-english-reformation-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-english-reformation-core", "label": "The Act of Supremacy recognizes Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England.", "normalizedLabel": "the act of supremacy recognizes henry viii as supreme head of the church of england", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Act of Supremacy recognizes Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "english-reformation" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "07d1816e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-english-reformation-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-english-reformation-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-council-trent-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-council-trent-core", "label": "Catholic bishops define doctrine and enact reforms concerning scripture, sacraments, clergy, worship, and church discipline.", "normalizedLabel": "catholic bishops define doctrine and enact reforms concerning scripture sacraments clergy worship and church discipline", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Catholic bishops define doctrine and enact reforms concerning scripture, sacraments, clergy, worship, and church discipline.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "council-trent" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "87f5b4aa", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-council-trent-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-council-trent-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-safed-kabbalah-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-safed-kabbalah-core", "label": "Scholars in Ottoman Safed develop influential mystical systems, liturgy, poetry, legal writing, and communal institutions.", "normalizedLabel": "scholars in ottoman safed develop influential mystical systems liturgy poetry legal writing and communal institutions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Scholars in Ottoman Safed develop influential mystical systems, liturgy, poetry, legal writing, and communal institutions.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "safed-kabbalah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "14319132", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-safed-kabbalah-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-safed-kabbalah-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-peace-augsburg-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-peace-augsburg-core", "label": "The settlement grants legal recognition to Lutheranism within the Holy Roman Empire under a territorial framework.", "normalizedLabel": "the settlement grants legal recognition to lutheranism within the holy roman empire under a territorial framework", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The settlement grants legal recognition to Lutheranism within the Holy Roman Empire under a territorial framework.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "peace-augsburg" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "37c72fdc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-peace-augsburg-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-peace-augsburg-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-shulchan-aruch-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-shulchan-aruch-core", "label": "Joseph Karo publishes a concise legal code later accompanied by Moses Isserles’s Ashkenazi glosses.", "normalizedLabel": "joseph karo publishes a concise legal code later accompanied by moses isserles s ashkenazi glosses", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Joseph Karo publishes a concise legal code later accompanied by Moses Isserles’s Ashkenazi glosses.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shulchan-aruch" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "831050a1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-shulchan-aruch-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-shulchan-aruch-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-gregorian-calendar-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-gregorian-calendar-core", "label": "Pope Gregory XIII promulgates a calendar reform correcting accumulated drift and refining the calculation of Easter.", "normalizedLabel": "pope gregory xiii promulgates a calendar reform correcting accumulated drift and refining the calculation of easter", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Pope Gregory XIII promulgates a calendar reform correcting accumulated drift and refining the calculation of Easter.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gregorian-calendar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "5dab8a58", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-gregorian-calendar-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-gregorian-calendar-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-thirty-years-war-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-thirty-years-war-core", "label": "A conflict beginning within the Holy Roman Empire expands into a devastating European war involving confessional, dynastic, and geopolitical interests.", "normalizedLabel": "a conflict beginning within the holy roman empire expands into a devastating european war involving confessional dynastic and geopolitical interests", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A conflict beginning within the Holy Roman Empire expands into a devastating European war involving confessional, dynastic, and geopolitical interests.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "thirty-years-war" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "519d881d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-thirty-years-war-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-thirty-years-war-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-khmelnytsky-uprising-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-khmelnytsky-uprising-core", "label": "Cossack rebellion and regional warfare bring mass violence against Jewish communities in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "normalizedLabel": "cossack rebellion and regional warfare bring mass violence against jewish communities in the polish lithuanian commonwealth", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Cossack rebellion and regional warfare bring mass violence against Jewish communities in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "khmelnytsky-uprising" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "ff74c880", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-khmelnytsky-uprising-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-khmelnytsky-uprising-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-sabbatai-zevi-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-sabbatai-zevi-core", "label": "Claims that Sabbatai Zevi is the messiah spread rapidly through Jewish communities before his conversion to Islam under Ottoman pressure.", "normalizedLabel": "claims that sabbatai zevi is the messiah spread rapidly through jewish communities before his conversion to islam under ottoman pressure", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Claims that Sabbatai Zevi is the messiah spread rapidly through Jewish communities before his conversion to Islam under Ottoman pressure.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sabbatai-zevi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "ac410c20", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-sabbatai-zevi-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-sabbatai-zevi-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-first-great-awakening-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-first-great-awakening-core", "label": "Revival preaching and new networks reshape Protestant life in Britain and the North American colonies.", "normalizedLabel": "revival preaching and new networks reshape protestant life in britain and the north american colonies", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Revival preaching and new networks reshape Protestant life in Britain and the North American colonies.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-great-awakening" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "b4ac293b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-first-great-awakening-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-first-great-awakening-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-rise-hasidism-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-rise-hasidism-core", "label": "Movements associated with the Baal Shem Tov and later leaders spread new forms of devotional community, storytelling, prayer, and charismatic authority.", "normalizedLabel": "movements associated with the baal shem tov and later leaders spread new forms of devotional community storytelling prayer and charismatic authority", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Movements associated with the Baal Shem Tov and later leaders spread new forms of devotional community, storytelling, prayer, and charismatic authority.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rise-hasidism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "68c12412", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-rise-hasidism-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-rise-hasidism-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-haskalah-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-haskalah-core", "label": "Jewish intellectuals promote new approaches to education, language, civic participation, and engagement with European culture.", "normalizedLabel": "jewish intellectuals promote new approaches to education language civic participation and engagement with european culture", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Jewish intellectuals promote new approaches to education, language, civic participation, and engagement with European culture.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "haskalah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "e60d9621", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-haskalah-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-haskalah-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-french-jewish-emancipation-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-french-jewish-emancipation-core", "label": "The National Assembly grants equal citizenship to Jews in France.", "normalizedLabel": "the national assembly grants equal citizenship to jews in france", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The National Assembly grants equal citizenship to Jews in France.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "french-jewish-emancipation" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "546724e2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-french-jewish-emancipation-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-french-jewish-emancipation-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-modern-protestant-missions-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-modern-protestant-missions-core", "label": "The Baptist Missionary Society and related voluntary organizations signal a new phase of organized Protestant global mission.", "normalizedLabel": "the baptist missionary society and related voluntary organizations signal a new phase of organized protestant global mission", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Baptist Missionary Society and related voluntary organizations signal a new phase of organized Protestant global mission.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-reformation", "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "modern-protestant-missions" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "9ffa6d82", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-modern-protestant-missions-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-modern-protestant-missions-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-napoleon-grand-sanhedrin-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-napoleon-grand-sanhedrin-core", "label": "Napoleon convenes Jewish representatives to answer questions about citizenship, law, marriage, and political loyalty.", "normalizedLabel": "napoleon convenes jewish representatives to answer questions about citizenship law marriage and political loyalty", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Napoleon convenes Jewish representatives to answer questions about citizenship, law, marriage, and political loyalty.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-early-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "napoleon-grand-sanhedrin" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "1a0ddcac", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-napoleon-grand-sanhedrin-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-napoleon-grand-sanhedrin-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-hamburg-temple-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-hamburg-temple-core", "label": "A new congregation adopts liturgical and theological reforms, becoming a landmark in the history of Reform Judaism.", "normalizedLabel": "a new congregation adopts liturgical and theological reforms becoming a landmark in the history of reform judaism", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A new congregation adopts liturgical and theological reforms, becoming a landmark in the history of Reform Judaism.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hamburg-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "cb40fb6c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-hamburg-temple-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-hamburg-temple-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-wissenschaft-judentums-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-wissenschaft-judentums-core", "label": "Jewish scholars apply historical, philological, and critical methods to Jewish texts and history.", "normalizedLabel": "jewish scholars apply historical philological and critical methods to jewish texts and history", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Jewish scholars apply historical, philological, and critical methods to Jewish texts and history.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "wissenschaft-judentums" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "753c523a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-wissenschaft-judentums-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-wissenschaft-judentums-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-damascus-affair-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-damascus-affair-core", "label": "A blood-libel accusation leads to arrests and torture of Jews in Damascus and prompts international Jewish intervention.", "normalizedLabel": "a blood libel accusation leads to arrests and torture of jews in damascus and prompts international jewish intervention", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A blood-libel accusation leads to arrests and torture of Jews in Damascus and prompts international Jewish intervention.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "damascus-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "f34b6bca", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-damascus-affair-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-damascus-affair-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-first-vatican-council-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-first-vatican-council-core", "label": "The council defines papal primacy and infallibility under specified conditions before war interrupts the assembly.", "normalizedLabel": "the council defines papal primacy and infallibility under specified conditions before war interrupts the assembly", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The council defines papal primacy and infallibility under specified conditions before war interrupts the assembly.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-vatican-council" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "2b8c6b80", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-first-vatican-council-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-first-vatican-council-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-russian-pogroms-first-aliyah-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-russian-pogroms-first-aliyah-core", "label": "Violence and restrictive policy in the Russian Empire coincide with new migration movements, including early Zionist settlement in Ottoman Palestine.", "normalizedLabel": "violence and restrictive policy in the russian empire coincide with new migration movements including early zionist settlement in ottoman palestine", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Violence and restrictive policy in the Russian Empire coincide with new migration movements, including early Zionist settlement in Ottoman Palestine.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "russian-pogroms-first-aliyah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "0f89f0fb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-russian-pogroms-first-aliyah-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-russian-pogroms-first-aliyah-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-hebrew-language-revival-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-hebrew-language-revival-core", "label": "Writers, educators, families, institutions, and language committees expand Hebrew from liturgical and literary use into modern public speech.", "normalizedLabel": "writers educators families institutions and language committees expand hebrew from liturgical and literary use into modern public speech", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Writers, educators, families, institutions, and language committees expand Hebrew from liturgical and literary use into modern public speech.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hebrew-language-revival" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "821497cc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-hebrew-language-revival-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-hebrew-language-revival-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-dreyfus-affair-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-dreyfus-affair-core", "label": "French Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus is wrongfully convicted of treason amid an intense antisemitic political campaign before eventual exoneration.", "normalizedLabel": "french jewish officer alfred dreyfus is wrongfully convicted of treason amid an intense antisemitic political campaign before eventual exoneration", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "French Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus is wrongfully convicted of treason amid an intense antisemitic political campaign before eventual exoneration.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-dreyfus", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dreyfus-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "990d21db", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-dreyfus-affair-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-dreyfus-affair-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-first-zionist-congress-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-first-zionist-congress-core", "label": "Delegates meeting in Basel establish a political program and institutions for the Zionist movement.", "normalizedLabel": "delegates meeting in basel establish a political program and institutions for the zionist movement", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Delegates meeting in Basel establish a political program and institutions for the Zionist movement.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-zionist-congress" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "359fa000", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-first-zionist-congress-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-first-zionist-congress-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-azusa-street-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-azusa-street-core", "label": "A multiracial revival in Los Angeles becomes a major node in the rapid spread of Pentecostal Christianity.", "normalizedLabel": "a multiracial revival in los angeles becomes a major node in the rapid spread of pentecostal christianity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A multiracial revival in Los Angeles becomes a major node in the rapid spread of Pentecostal Christianity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "azusa-street" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "1ba0de5b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-azusa-street-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-azusa-street-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-edinburgh-missionary-conference-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-edinburgh-missionary-conference-core", "label": "Protestant missionary leaders meet in Edinburgh to coordinate strategy and discuss global Christian cooperation.", "normalizedLabel": "protestant missionary leaders meet in edinburgh to coordinate strategy and discuss global christian cooperation", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Protestant missionary leaders meet in Edinburgh to coordinate strategy and discuss global Christian cooperation.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "edinburgh-missionary-conference" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "3de2ee6b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-edinburgh-missionary-conference-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-edinburgh-missionary-conference-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-armenian-genocide-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-armenian-genocide-core", "label": "Ottoman authorities deport and kill Armenians on a mass scale during the First World War, alongside violence against Assyrian and Greek Christians.", "normalizedLabel": "ottoman authorities deport and kill armenians on a mass scale during the first world war alongside violence against assyrian and greek christians", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ottoman authorities deport and kill Armenians on a mass scale during the First World War, alongside violence against Assyrian and Greek Christians.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-armenian-genocide", "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "armenian-genocide" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "7edad512", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-armenian-genocide-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-armenian-genocide-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-balfour-declaration-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-balfour-declaration-core", "label": "The British government declares support for a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine while referring to the rights of existing non-Jewish communities.", "normalizedLabel": "the british government declares support for a national home for the jewish people in palestine while referring to the rights of existing non jewish communities", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The British government declares support for a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine while referring to the rights of existing non-Jewish communities.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-balfour-aftermath", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "balfour-declaration" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "bfb46def", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-balfour-declaration-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-balfour-declaration-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-russian-revolution-religion-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-russian-revolution-religion-core", "label": "The Bolshevik Revolution inaugurates an officially atheist state that restricts Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, and other religious institutions.", "normalizedLabel": "the bolshevik revolution inaugurates an officially atheist state that restricts jewish orthodox catholic protestant muslim and other religious institutions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Bolshevik Revolution inaugurates an officially atheist state that restricts Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, and other religious institutions.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "russian-revolution-religion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "66f1713a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-russian-revolution-religion-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-russian-revolution-religion-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-british-mandate-palestine-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-british-mandate-palestine-core", "label": "British rule implements an international mandate amid growing Jewish immigration, Zionist institution-building, Palestinian Arab opposition, and intercommunal conflict.", "normalizedLabel": "british rule implements an international mandate amid growing jewish immigration zionist institution building palestinian arab opposition and intercommunal conflict", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "British rule implements an international mandate amid growing Jewish immigration, Zionist institution-building, Palestinian Arab opposition, and intercommunal conflict.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-balfour-aftermath", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "british-mandate-palestine" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "5c265fce", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-british-mandate-palestine-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-british-mandate-palestine-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-holocaust-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-holocaust-core", "label": "Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators systematically persecute and murder six million Jews across Europe.", "normalizedLabel": "nazi germany and its allies and collaborators systematically persecute and murder six million jews across europe", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators systematically persecute and murder six million Jews across Europe.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-holocaust-timeline" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "holocaust" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "4865573d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-holocaust-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-holocaust-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-global-christianity-south-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-global-christianity-south-core", "label": "Christian populations and institutions grow rapidly in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific while many European societies secularize.", "normalizedLabel": "christian populations and institutions grow rapidly in africa asia latin america and the pacific while many european societies secularize", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Christian populations and institutions grow rapidly in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific while many European societies secularize.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "global-christianity-south" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "ddf0e7cc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-global-christianity-south-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-global-christianity-south-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-dead-sea-scrolls-discovery-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-dead-sea-scrolls-discovery-core", "label": "Manuscripts found in the Judean Desert transform the study of the Hebrew Bible, Second Temple Judaism, Jewish sectarianism, and the background of early Christianity.", "normalizedLabel": "manuscripts found in the judean desert transform the study of the hebrew bible second temple judaism jewish sectarianism and the background of early christianity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Manuscripts found in the Judean Desert transform the study of the Hebrew Bible, Second Temple Judaism, Jewish sectarianism, and the background of early Christianity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "iaa-dead-sea-scrolls-intro", "cambridge-judaism-modern", "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-discovery" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "70f274f5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-dead-sea-scrolls-discovery-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-dead-sea-scrolls-discovery-core", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-un-partition-1947-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-un-partition-1947-core", "label": "The United Nations General Assembly recommends partition of Mandatory Palestine into Jewish and Arab states with an international regime for Jerusalem.", "normalizedLabel": "the united nations general assembly recommends partition of mandatory palestine into jewish and arab states with an international regime for jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The United Nations General Assembly recommends partition of Mandatory Palestine into Jewish and Arab states with an international regime for Jerusalem.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "un-resolution-181" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "un-partition-1947" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "7adcdb93", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-un-partition-1947-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-un-partition-1947-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-state-israel-1948-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-state-israel-1948-core", "label": "Jewish leaders declare the State of Israel as the British Mandate ends; regional war follows and large numbers of Palestinian Arabs are displaced or become refugees.", "normalizedLabel": "jewish leaders declare the state of israel as the british mandate ends regional war follows and large numbers of palestinian arabs are displaced or become refugees", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Jewish leaders declare the State of Israel as the British Mandate ends; regional war follows and large numbers of Palestinian Arabs are displaced or become refugees.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "knesset-israel-declaration", "un-resolution-181", "ushmm-balfour-aftermath" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "state-israel-1948" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "ca9110fd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-state-israel-1948-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-state-israel-1948-core", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-world-council-churches-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-world-council-churches-core", "label": "Representatives of 147 churches constitute the World Council of Churches at Amsterdam.", "normalizedLabel": "representatives of 147 churches constitute the world council of churches at amsterdam", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Representatives of 147 churches constitute the World Council of Churches at Amsterdam.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "wcc-history" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "world-council-churches" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "ba084be4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-world-council-churches-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-world-council-churches-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-postwar-jewish-demography-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-postwar-jewish-demography-core", "label": "Holocaust survivors, refugees, migration from Europe and the Middle East, and the growth of Israel and North American communities reshape world Jewry.", "normalizedLabel": "holocaust survivors refugees migration from europe and the middle east and the growth of israel and north american communities reshape world jewry", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Holocaust survivors, refugees, migration from Europe and the Middle East, and the growth of Israel and North American communities reshape world Jewry.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern", "ushmm-balfour-aftermath" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "postwar-jewish-demography" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "741bce2d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-postwar-jewish-demography-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-postwar-jewish-demography-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-vatican-ii-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-vatican-ii-core", "label": "Catholic bishops from around the world address liturgy, revelation, ecclesiology, religious liberty, ecumenism, and the church’s relationship to the modern world.", "normalizedLabel": "catholic bishops from around the world address liturgy revelation ecclesiology religious liberty ecumenism and the church s relationship to the modern world", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Catholic bishops from around the world address liturgy, revelation, ecclesiology, religious liberty, ecumenism, and the church’s relationship to the modern world.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-vatican-ii-close" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "vatican-ii" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "a3027061", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-vatican-ii-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-vatican-ii-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-nostra-aetate-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-nostra-aetate-core", "label": "Vatican II repudiates collective Jewish guilt for the death of Jesus, deplores antisemitism, and calls for mutual understanding and biblical study.", "normalizedLabel": "vatican ii repudiates collective jewish guilt for the death of jesus deplores antisemitism and calls for mutual understanding and biblical study", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Vatican II repudiates collective Jewish guilt for the death of Jesus, deplores antisemitism, and calls for mutual understanding and biblical study.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-nostra-aetate" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "nostra-aetate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "574deb71", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-nostra-aetate-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-nostra-aetate-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-six-day-war-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-six-day-war-core", "label": "Israel defeats neighboring Arab armies and takes control of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, and the Golan Heights.", "normalizedLabel": "israel defeats neighboring arab armies and takes control of east jerusalem the west bank gaza sinai and the golan heights", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Israel defeats neighboring Arab armies and takes control of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, and the Golan Heights.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "six-day-war" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "8653f3a0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-six-day-war-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-six-day-war-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-lausanne-congress-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-lausanne-congress-core", "label": "Evangelical leaders from more than 150 nations meet to discuss world evangelization and adopt the Lausanne Covenant.", "normalizedLabel": "evangelical leaders from more than 150 nations meet to discuss world evangelization and adopt the lausanne covenant", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Evangelical leaders from more than 150 nations meet to discuss world evangelization and adopt the Lausanne Covenant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "lausanne-1974" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "lausanne-congress" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "e34df777", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-lausanne-congress-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-lausanne-congress-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-soviet-collapse-jewish-emigration-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-soviet-collapse-jewish-emigration-core", "label": "The weakening and collapse of communist regimes permits renewed public religious life and large-scale Jewish emigration from the former Soviet Union.", "normalizedLabel": "the weakening and collapse of communist regimes permits renewed public religious life and large scale jewish emigration from the former soviet union", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The weakening and collapse of communist regimes permits renewed public religious life and large-scale Jewish emigration from the former Soviet Union.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern", "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "soviet-collapse-jewish-emigration" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "fc227673", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-soviet-collapse-jewish-emigration-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-soviet-collapse-jewish-emigration-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-john-paul-western-wall-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-john-paul-western-wall-core", "label": "John Paul II places a written prayer for forgiveness at Jerusalem’s Western Wall during a pilgrimage to Israel.", "normalizedLabel": "john paul ii places a written prayer for forgiveness at jerusalem s western wall during a pilgrimage to israel", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "John Paul II places a written prayer for forgiveness at Jerusalem’s Western Wall during a pilgrimage to Israel.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-jp2-western-wall", "vatican-nostra-aetate" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-paul-western-wall" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "cdaf69ab", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-john-paul-western-wall-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-john-paul-western-wall-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-pope-francis-election-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-pope-francis-election-core", "label": "Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina is elected bishop of Rome, becoming the first pope from Latin America and the first Jesuit pope.", "normalizedLabel": "cardinal jorge mario bergoglio of argentina is elected bishop of rome becoming the first pope from latin america and the first jesuit pope", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina is elected bishop of Rome, becoming the first pope from Latin America and the first Jesuit pope.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-francis-biography", "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "pope-francis-election" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "28d7640b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-pope-francis-election-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-pope-francis-election-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-october-7-gaza-war-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-october-7-gaza-war-core", "label": "Hamas-led armed groups attack southern Israel, killing civilians and soldiers and taking hostages; Israel launches a large-scale war in Gaza with extensive Palestinian casualties, destruction, and displacement.", "normalizedLabel": "hamas led armed groups attack southern israel killing civilians and soldiers and taking hostages israel launches a large scale war in gaza with extensive palestinian casualties destruction and displacement", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Hamas-led armed groups attack southern Israel, killing civilians and soldiers and taking hostages; Israel launches a large-scale war in Gaza with extensive Palestinian casualties, destruction, and displacement.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "un-october-7-commission", "ohchr-opt-2026" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "october-7-gaza-war" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "f9915655", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-october-7-gaza-war-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-october-7-gaza-war-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-pope-francis-death-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-pope-francis-death-core", "label": "Pope Francis dies in Vatican City after a twelve-year pontificate.", "normalizedLabel": "pope francis dies in vatican city after a twelve year pontificate", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Pope Francis dies in Vatican City after a twelve-year pontificate.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-francis-death" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "pope-francis-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "a154316b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-pope-francis-death-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-pope-francis-death-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-nicaea-1700-anniversary-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-nicaea-1700-anniversary-core", "label": "Churches and theologians commemorate seventeen centuries since the opening of the Council of Nicaea.", "normalizedLabel": "churches and theologians commemorate seventeen centuries since the opening of the council of nicaea", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Churches and theologians commemorate seventeen centuries since the opening of the Council of Nicaea.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-nicaea-1700" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "nicaea-1700-anniversary" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "6d343a5e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-nicaea-1700-anniversary-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-nicaea-1700-anniversary-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "claim:postbiblical-pope-leo-xiv-election-core", "type": "claim", "id": "postbiblical-pope-leo-xiv-election-core", "label": "Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost is elected bishop of Rome and takes the name Leo XIV.", "normalizedLabel": "cardinal robert francis prevost is elected bishop of rome and takes the name leo xiv", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost is elected bishop of Rome and takes the name Leo XIV.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-leo-xiv-biography" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "pope-leo-xiv-election" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "project-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "note": "Post-biblical timeline claim; the event remains independent of the project’s biblical chronology models." }, "fingerprint": "e1348e28", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=postbiblical-pope-leo-xiv-election-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=claim%3Apostbiblical-pope-leo-xiv-election-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:primeval-history-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "primeval-history-summary", "label": "Creation, humanity’s rebellion, the Flood, and Babel establish the theological background of the biblical story.", "normalizedLabel": "creation humanity s rebellion the flood and babel establish the theological background of the biblical story", "aliases": [], "status": "theological-text", "summary": "Creation, humanity’s rebellion, the Flood, and Babel establish the theological background of the biblical story.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 1–11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "primeval-history" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "debaedaa", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=primeval-history-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aprimeval-history-summary", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:primeval-history-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "primeval-history-biblical-track", "label": "Genesis 1–11", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 1 11", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Genesis 1–11", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 1–11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "primeval-history" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "694ef93c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=primeval-history-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aprimeval-history-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:primeval-history-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "primeval-history-world-track", "label": "No precise historical synchronization is assigned in this reconstruction.", "normalizedLabel": "no precise historical synchronization is assigned in this reconstruction", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "No precise historical synchronization is assigned in this reconstruction.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "primeval-history" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "9d85e955", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=primeval-history-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aprimeval-history-world-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:primeval-history-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "primeval-history-evidence-1", "label": "The text functions as the universal prologue to the story of Abraham and Israel.", "normalizedLabel": "the text functions as the universal prologue to the story of abraham and israel", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The text functions as the universal prologue to the story of Abraham and Israel.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "primeval-history" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "9c063033", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=primeval-history-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aprimeval-history-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:primeval-history-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "primeval-history-objection-1", "label": "Exact calendar dates cannot be responsibly derived from the text alone.", "normalizedLabel": "exact calendar dates cannot be responsibly derived from the text alone", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Exact calendar dates cannot be responsibly derived from the text alone.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "primeval-history" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "73bb6f9b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=primeval-history-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aprimeval-history-objection-1", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:primeval-history-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "primeval-history-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the patriarchal age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "primeval-history" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "c7a65405", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=primeval-history-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aprimeval-history-objection-2", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-summary", "label": "This project provisionally identifies Terru of Urkesh with Terah, Abraham’s father.", "normalizedLabel": "this project provisionally identifies terru of urkesh with terah abraham s father", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "This project provisionally identifies Terru of Urkesh with Terah, Abraham’s father.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 11:26–32" ], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "f192dc48", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-biblical-track", "label": "Genesis 11:26–32", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 11 26 32", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Genesis 11:26–32", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 11:26–32" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "5d1156ba", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-world-track", "label": "Mari, Urkesh, Babylon, Larsa, Elam, and other kingdoms compete across Mesopotamia and Syria.", "normalizedLabel": "mari urkesh babylon larsa elam and other kingdoms compete across mesopotamia and syria", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Mari, Urkesh, Babylon, Larsa, Elam, and other kingdoms compete across Mesopotamia and Syria.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "48b20c90", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-evidence-1", "label": "Similar personal names: Terru / Terah.", "normalizedLabel": "similar personal names terru terah", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Similar personal names: Terru / Terah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "2db20015", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-evidence-2", "label": "Terru belongs to the same broad northern Mesopotamian corridor associated with Harran.", "normalizedLabel": "terru belongs to the same broad northern mesopotamian corridor associated with harran", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Terru belongs to the same broad northern Mesopotamian corridor associated with Harran.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "ffad90c4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-evidence-3", "label": "The chronology can be aligned with the proposed age of Abraham.", "normalizedLabel": "the chronology can be aligned with the proposed age of abraham", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The chronology can be aligned with the proposed age of Abraham.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "bc5aaca2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-objection-1", "label": "No surviving text identifies Terru as Abraham’s father.", "normalizedLabel": "no surviving text identifies terru as abraham s father", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No surviving text identifies Terru as Abraham’s father.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "1d4da7d5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-objection-2", "label": "The names are not linguistically identical.", "normalizedLabel": "the names are not linguistically identical", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The names are not linguistically identical.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "c920b320", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-objection-3", "label": "Urkesh is not automatically identical with Ur of the Chaldeans.", "normalizedLabel": "urkesh is not automatically identical with ur of the chaldeans", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Urkesh is not automatically identical with Ur of the Chaldeans.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2f100294", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:terru-terah-objection-4", "type": "event-claim", "id": "terru-terah-objection-4", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the patriarchal age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "3e9ceaa0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=terru-terah-objection-4#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aterru-terah-objection-4", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-terru-exists", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-terru-exists", "label": "A person named Terru corresponded with Zimri-Lim and was associated with Urkesh.", "normalizedLabel": "a person named terru corresponded with zimri lim and was associated with urkesh", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A person named Terru corresponded with Zimri-Lim and was associated with Urkesh.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This establishes Terru as a historical person; it does not identify him as Terah." }, "fingerprint": "4fef0406", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-terru-exists#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-terru-exists", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-terru-terah-name", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-terru-terah-name", "label": "The partial resemblance between Terru and Terah supports investigating a possible identification.", "normalizedLabel": "the partial resemblance between terru and terah supports investigating a possible identification", "aliases": [], "status": "suggestive", "summary": "The partial resemblance between Terru and Terah supports investigating a possible identification.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-inference", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Name resemblance is only one line of evidence and requires philological testing." }, "fingerprint": "9446d2e3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-terru-terah-name#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-terru-terah-name", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-terru-terah-conclusion", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-terru-terah-conclusion", "label": "This project provisionally identifies Terru with Abraham’s father Terah.", "normalizedLabel": "this project provisionally identifies terru with abraham s father terah", "aliases": [], "status": "speculative", "summary": "This project provisionally identifies Terru with Abraham’s father Terah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "terru-terah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-conclusion", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "No surviving inscription supplies the family relationship required by Genesis." }, "fingerprint": "2a81fb1b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-terru-terah-conclusion#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-terru-terah-conclusion", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:abraham-call-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "abraham-call-summary", "label": "God calls Abraham from the Mesopotamian world toward Canaan and promises land, descendants, and blessing to the nations.", "normalizedLabel": "god calls abraham from the mesopotamian world toward canaan and promises land descendants and blessing to the nations", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "God calls Abraham from the Mesopotamian world toward Canaan and promises land, descendants, and blessing to the nations.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 12:1–9" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "abraham-call" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "506cc747", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=abraham-call-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aabraham-call-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:abraham-call-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "abraham-call-biblical-track", "label": "Genesis 12:1–9", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 12 1 9", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Genesis 12:1–9", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 12:1–9" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "abraham-call" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "1541b498", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=abraham-call-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aabraham-call-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:abraham-call-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "abraham-call-world-track", "label": "Long-distance trade and diplomacy connect Mesopotamia, northern Syria, Harran, and Canaan.", "normalizedLabel": "long distance trade and diplomacy connect mesopotamia northern syria harran and canaan", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Long-distance trade and diplomacy connect Mesopotamia, northern Syria, Harran, and Canaan.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "abraham-call" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "4e265dd8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=abraham-call-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aabraham-call-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:abraham-call-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "abraham-call-evidence-1", "label": "The patriarchal narratives fit a world of mobile households, treaties, pastoralism, and city-state politics.", "normalizedLabel": "the patriarchal narratives fit a world of mobile households treaties pastoralism and city state politics", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The patriarchal narratives fit a world of mobile households, treaties, pastoralism, and city-state politics.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "abraham-call" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "16928cea", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=abraham-call-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aabraham-call-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:abraham-call-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "abraham-call-objection-1", "label": "The absolute date is reconstructed rather than directly supplied by Genesis.", "normalizedLabel": "the absolute date is reconstructed rather than directly supplied by genesis", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The absolute date is reconstructed rather than directly supplied by Genesis.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "abraham-call" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "840e7733", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=abraham-call-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aabraham-call-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:abraham-call-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "abraham-call-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the patriarchal age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "abraham-call" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "5c2b8dc9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=abraham-call-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aabraham-call-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mari-zimrilim-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mari-zimrilim-summary", "label": "The Mari archive reveals the political, linguistic, legal, and pastoral world in which the project places Abraham and Terru.", "normalizedLabel": "the mari archive reveals the political linguistic legal and pastoral world in which the project places abraham and terru", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The Mari archive reveals the political, linguistic, legal, and pastoral world in which the project places Abraham and Terru.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 11–14 (comparative context)" ], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mari-zimrilim" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "a84369de", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mari-zimrilim-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amari-zimrilim-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mari-zimrilim-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mari-zimrilim-biblical-track", "label": "Genesis 11–14 provides the biblical comparison; Mari does not name Abraham.", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 11 14 provides the biblical comparison mari does not name abraham", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Genesis 11–14 provides the biblical comparison; Mari does not name Abraham.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 11–14 (comparative context)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "mari-zimrilim" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "a08c9346", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mari-zimrilim-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amari-zimrilim-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mari-zimrilim-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mari-zimrilim-world-track", "label": "Zimri-Lim rules Mari while Hammurabi, Larsa, Eshnunna, Qatna, Aleppo, and mobile tribal groups compete across Syria and Mesopotamia.", "normalizedLabel": "zimri lim rules mari while hammurabi larsa eshnunna qatna aleppo and mobile tribal groups compete across syria and mesopotamia", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Zimri-Lim rules Mari while Hammurabi, Larsa, Eshnunna, Qatna, Aleppo, and mobile tribal groups compete across Syria and Mesopotamia.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mari-zimrilim" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "e5d94c6b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mari-zimrilim-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amari-zimrilim-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mari-zimrilim-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mari-zimrilim-evidence-1", "label": "Thousands of cuneiform letters document diplomacy, migration, tribal organization, treaties, warfare, and household administration.", "normalizedLabel": "thousands of cuneiform letters document diplomacy migration tribal organization treaties warfare and household administration", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Thousands of cuneiform letters document diplomacy, migration, tribal organization, treaties, warfare, and household administration.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mari-zimrilim" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "a950c336", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mari-zimrilim-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amari-zimrilim-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mari-zimrilim-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mari-zimrilim-evidence-2", "label": "ARM 28 contains the Terru correspondence used by this project.", "normalizedLabel": "arm 28 contains the terru correspondence used by this project", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "ARM 28 contains the Terru correspondence used by this project.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mari-zimrilim" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "b6ac518c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mari-zimrilim-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amari-zimrilim-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mari-zimrilim-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mari-zimrilim-objection-1", "label": "Mari supplies historical context, not direct proof of a patriarchal identification.", "normalizedLabel": "mari supplies historical context not direct proof of a patriarchal identification", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Mari supplies historical context, not direct proof of a patriarchal identification.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mari-zimrilim" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "5b97f5ac", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mari-zimrilim-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amari-zimrilim-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mari-zimrilim-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mari-zimrilim-objection-2", "label": "Social parallels cannot by themselves date Genesis.", "normalizedLabel": "social parallels cannot by themselves date genesis", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Social parallels cannot by themselves date Genesis.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mari-zimrilim" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "579ee280", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mari-zimrilim-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amari-zimrilim-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mari-zimrilim-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mari-zimrilim-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Middle Bronze Age / Old Babylonian world context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the middle bronze age old babylonian world context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Middle Bronze Age / Old Babylonian world context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mari-zimrilim" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "82748f2b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mari-zimrilim-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amari-zimrilim-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-summary", "label": "This project provisionally identifies Amraphel king of Shinar with Hammurabi of Babylon.", "normalizedLabel": "this project provisionally identifies amraphel king of shinar with hammurabi of babylon", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "This project provisionally identifies Amraphel king of Shinar with Hammurabi of Babylon.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 14" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "794581fc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-biblical-track", "label": "Genesis 14", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 14", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Genesis 14", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 14" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "ee630384", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-world-track", "label": "Hammurabi rules Babylon during an age of shifting coalitions, vassalage, rebellion, and interstate war.", "normalizedLabel": "hammurabi rules babylon during an age of shifting coalitions vassalage rebellion and interstate war", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Hammurabi rules Babylon during an age of shifting coalitions, vassalage, rebellion, and interstate war.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "70a60308", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-1", "label": "Shinar corresponds broadly to Babylonia.", "normalizedLabel": "shinar corresponds broadly to babylonia", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Shinar corresponds broadly to Babylonia.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "344e8ea0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-2", "label": "Hammurabi/Ammurapi and Amraphel have a partial phonetic resemblance.", "normalizedLabel": "hammurabi ammurapi and amraphel have a partial phonetic resemblance", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Hammurabi/Ammurapi and Amraphel have a partial phonetic resemblance.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "8da4f1a1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-3", "label": "The coalition politics resemble the Old Babylonian world.", "normalizedLabel": "the coalition politics resemble the old babylonian world", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The coalition politics resemble the Old Babylonian world.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "5012c9be", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-objection-1", "label": "The final portion of the name Amraphel is difficult to derive from Hammurabi.", "normalizedLabel": "the final portion of the name amraphel is difficult to derive from hammurabi", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The final portion of the name Amraphel is difficult to derive from Hammurabi.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2bd2d016", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-objection-2", "label": "No Babylonian source places Hammurabi in the exact Genesis 14 coalition.", "normalizedLabel": "no babylonian source places hammurabi in the exact genesis 14 coalition", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No Babylonian source places Hammurabi in the exact Genesis 14 coalition.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "379f9ca0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-objection-3", "label": "Most modern specialists do not accept the identification.", "normalizedLabel": "most modern specialists do not accept the identification", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Most modern specialists do not accept the identification.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "63125a5a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amraphel-hammurabi-objection-4", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi-objection-4", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the patriarchal age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "8bebdc74", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amraphel-hammurabi-objection-4#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamraphel-hammurabi-objection-4", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-hammurabi-babylon", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-hammurabi-babylon", "label": "Hammurabi ruled Babylon during the Old Babylonian age of competing kingdoms and military coalitions.", "normalizedLabel": "hammurabi ruled babylon during the old babylonian age of competing kingdoms and military coalitions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Hammurabi ruled Babylon during the Old Babylonian age of competing kingdoms and military coalitions.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "primary-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This establishes the political setting, not the biblical identification." }, "fingerprint": "f19d823c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-hammurabi-babylon#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-hammurabi-babylon", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-amraphel-equation", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-amraphel-equation", "label": "This project provisionally equates Amraphel king of Shinar with Hammurabi.", "normalizedLabel": "this project provisionally equates amraphel king of shinar with hammurabi", "aliases": [], "status": "speculative", "summary": "This project provisionally equates Amraphel king of Shinar with Hammurabi.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amraphel-hammurabi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-conclusion", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The philological equation remains the weakest part of the argument." }, "fingerprint": "ee8aee44", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-amraphel-equation#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-amraphel-equation", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:isaac-jacob-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "isaac-jacob-summary", "label": "The covenant family expands from Abraham to Isaac, Jacob—renamed Israel—and the ancestors of the tribes.", "normalizedLabel": "the covenant family expands from abraham to isaac jacob renamed israel and the ancestors of the tribes", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "The covenant family expands from Abraham to Isaac, Jacob—renamed Israel—and the ancestors of the tribes.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 21–36" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "isaac-jacob" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "72209a06", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=isaac-jacob-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisaac-jacob-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:isaac-jacob-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "isaac-jacob-biblical-track", "label": "Genesis 21–36", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 21 36", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Genesis 21–36", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 21–36" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "isaac-jacob" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "d8864267", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=isaac-jacob-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisaac-jacob-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:isaac-jacob-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "isaac-jacob-world-track", "label": "The political order created by Hammurabi weakens while West Semitic populations remain widespread across Syria and Mesopotamia.", "normalizedLabel": "the political order created by hammurabi weakens while west semitic populations remain widespread across syria and mesopotamia", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The political order created by Hammurabi weakens while West Semitic populations remain widespread across Syria and Mesopotamia.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "isaac-jacob" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "5ecc3e17", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=isaac-jacob-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisaac-jacob-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:isaac-jacob-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "isaac-jacob-evidence-1", "label": "The sequence is internally anchored by the Genesis genealogical narrative.", "normalizedLabel": "the sequence is internally anchored by the genesis genealogical narrative", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The sequence is internally anchored by the Genesis genealogical narrative.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "isaac-jacob" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "31c80a63", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=isaac-jacob-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisaac-jacob-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:isaac-jacob-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "isaac-jacob-objection-1", "label": "The absolute dating depends on the adopted patriarchal chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "the absolute dating depends on the adopted patriarchal chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The absolute dating depends on the adopted patriarchal chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "isaac-jacob" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "345cddd5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=isaac-jacob-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisaac-jacob-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:isaac-jacob-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "isaac-jacob-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the patriarchal age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Patriarchal Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "isaac-jacob" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "88f675f7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=isaac-jacob-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisaac-jacob-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-summary", "label": "Joseph rises from slavery and imprisonment to become the chief administrator under a Hyksos ruler.", "normalizedLabel": "joseph rises from slavery and imprisonment to become the chief administrator under a hyksos ruler", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Joseph rises from slavery and imprisonment to become the chief administrator under a Hyksos ruler.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 37–50" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "bf8c2018", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-biblical-track", "label": "Genesis 37–50", "normalizedLabel": "genesis 37 50", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Genesis 37–50", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 37–50" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "d1253324", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-world-track", "label": "Avaris is a royal center in a Delta region containing substantial western Asiatic populations.", "normalizedLabel": "avaris is a royal center in a delta region containing substantial western asiatic populations", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Avaris is a royal center in a Delta region containing substantial western Asiatic populations.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "bc5af758", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-evidence-1", "label": "A West Semitic official could plausibly rise under a western Asiatic dynasty.", "normalizedLabel": "a west semitic official could plausibly rise under a western asiatic dynasty", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "A West Semitic official could plausibly rise under a western Asiatic dynasty.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "eb0e708c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-evidence-2", "label": "Avaris lies near the traditional region of Goshen.", "normalizedLabel": "avaris lies near the traditional region of goshen", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Avaris lies near the traditional region of Goshen.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "cc11133c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-evidence-3", "label": "The setting helps explain the favorable reception of Jacob’s family.", "normalizedLabel": "the setting helps explain the favorable reception of jacob s family", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The setting helps explain the favorable reception of Jacob’s family.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "05f40d73", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-objection-1", "label": "No Egyptian record identifies Joseph.", "normalizedLabel": "no egyptian record identifies joseph", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No Egyptian record identifies Joseph.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "89a9bd6a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-objection-2", "label": "Genesis does not name the pharaoh.", "normalizedLabel": "genesis does not name the pharaoh", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Genesis does not name the pharaoh.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "37e0c1a2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-objection-3", "label": "The narrative can also be placed in other Egyptian periods.", "normalizedLabel": "the narrative can also be placed in other egyptian periods", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The narrative can also be placed in other Egyptian periods.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "847a732e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-objection-4", "type": "event-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-objection-4", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "97d511ab", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=joseph-hyksos-objection-4#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajoseph-hyksos-objection-4", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-joseph-hyksos-fit", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-joseph-hyksos-fit", "label": "A western Asiatic dynasty centered in the eastern Delta offers a plausible setting for Joseph’s promotion and Jacob’s settlement.", "normalizedLabel": "a western asiatic dynasty centered in the eastern delta offers a plausible setting for joseph s promotion and jacob s settlement", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "A western Asiatic dynasty centered in the eastern Delta offers a plausible setting for Joseph’s promotion and Jacob’s settlement.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "joseph-hyksos" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-inference", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The fit is circumstantial; Joseph is not named in Egyptian evidence." }, "fingerprint": "aa4a067a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-joseph-hyksos-fit#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-joseph-hyksos-fit", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-egypt-summary", "label": "A dynasty of western Asiatic origin rules northern Egypt from Avaris in the eastern Nile Delta.", "normalizedLabel": "a dynasty of western asiatic origin rules northern egypt from avaris in the eastern nile delta", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A dynasty of western Asiatic origin rules northern Egypt from Avaris in the eastern Nile Delta.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 37–50 (contextual comparison)" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "3abf3416", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-egypt-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-egypt-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-egypt-biblical-track", "label": "Historical setting proposed for Genesis 39–50", "normalizedLabel": "historical setting proposed for genesis 39 50", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Historical setting proposed for Genesis 39–50", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Genesis 37–50 (contextual comparison)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "93c49eeb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-egypt-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-egypt-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-egypt-world-track", "label": "Egypt is divided; the Hyksos dominate the north while native dynasties survive in the south.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt is divided the hyksos dominate the north while native dynasties survive in the south", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Egypt is divided; the Hyksos dominate the north while native dynasties survive in the south.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "ff8a5c39", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-egypt-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-egypt-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-egypt-evidence-1", "label": "Archaeology at Avaris shows extensive Near Eastern cultural connections.", "normalizedLabel": "archaeology at avaris shows extensive near eastern cultural connections", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Archaeology at Avaris shows extensive Near Eastern cultural connections.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "58a9971a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-egypt-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-egypt-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-egypt-evidence-2", "label": "Egyptian tradition remembers foreign rulers in the Delta.", "normalizedLabel": "egyptian tradition remembers foreign rulers in the delta", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Egyptian tradition remembers foreign rulers in the Delta.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "256bc022", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-egypt-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-egypt-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-egypt-objection-1", "label": "The Hyksos cannot be equated with the Israelites as a people.", "normalizedLabel": "the hyksos cannot be equated with the israelites as a people", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Hyksos cannot be equated with the Israelites as a people.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "b96cbff6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-egypt-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-egypt-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-egypt-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "e31f0fd7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-egypt-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-egypt-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-avaris-migration", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-avaris-migration", "label": "Avaris contained substantial populations with Near Eastern connections before and during Hyksos rule.", "normalizedLabel": "avaris contained substantial populations with near eastern connections before and during hyksos rule", "aliases": [], "status": "strong", "summary": "Avaris contained substantial populations with Near Eastern connections before and during Hyksos rule.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The evidence concerns population origin and mobility, not Israelite identity." }, "fingerprint": "e3259798", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-avaris-migration#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-avaris-migration", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-hyksos-western-asiatic", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-hyksos-western-asiatic", "label": "The Hyksos ruling establishment had western Asiatic cultural and demographic connections.", "normalizedLabel": "the hyksos ruling establishment had western asiatic cultural and demographic connections", "aliases": [], "status": "strong", "summary": "The Hyksos ruling establishment had western Asiatic cultural and demographic connections.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-egypt" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-interpretation", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The category Hyksos must not be treated as synonymous with Israelites." }, "fingerprint": "858f8a1f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-hyksos-western-asiatic#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-hyksos-western-asiatic", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hittite-sack-babylon-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hittite-sack-babylon-summary", "label": "The fall of Old Babylonian Babylon closes the world of Hammurabi and illustrates the political instability surrounding the later patriarchal period.", "normalizedLabel": "the fall of old babylonian babylon closes the world of hammurabi and illustrates the political instability surrounding the later patriarchal period", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The fall of Old Babylonian Babylon closes the world of Hammurabi and illustrates the political instability surrounding the later patriarchal period.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "No biblical text directly describes the Hittite sack of Babylon." ], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hittite-sack-babylon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "f39b9ff7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hittite-sack-babylon-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahittite-sack-babylon-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hittite-sack-babylon-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hittite-sack-babylon-biblical-track", "label": "No biblical text directly describes the Hittite sack of Babylon.", "normalizedLabel": "no biblical text directly describes the hittite sack of babylon", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "No biblical text directly describes the Hittite sack of Babylon.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "No biblical text directly describes the Hittite sack of Babylon." ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "hittite-sack-babylon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "9d7e4e00", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hittite-sack-babylon-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahittite-sack-babylon-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hittite-sack-babylon-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hittite-sack-babylon-world-track", "label": "A Hittite army raids Babylon; Kassite rule later dominates southern Mesopotamia while Hyksos and Theban powers struggle in Egypt.", "normalizedLabel": "a hittite army raids babylon kassite rule later dominates southern mesopotamia while hyksos and theban powers struggle in egypt", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "A Hittite army raids Babylon; Kassite rule later dominates southern Mesopotamia while Hyksos and Theban powers struggle in Egypt.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hittite-sack-babylon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "60be1df1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hittite-sack-babylon-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahittite-sack-babylon-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hittite-sack-babylon-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hittite-sack-babylon-evidence-1", "label": "The event belongs to established Near Eastern chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "the event belongs to established near eastern chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The event belongs to established Near Eastern chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hittite-sack-babylon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "0b46757a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hittite-sack-babylon-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahittite-sack-babylon-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hittite-sack-babylon-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hittite-sack-babylon-objection-1", "label": "Its exact relation to biblical family chronology is contextual rather than direct.", "normalizedLabel": "its exact relation to biblical family chronology is contextual rather than direct", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Its exact relation to biblical family chronology is contextual rather than direct.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hittite-sack-babylon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "841e212e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hittite-sack-babylon-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahittite-sack-babylon-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hittite-sack-babylon-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hittite-sack-babylon-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Intermediate Period and early New Kingdom context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the second intermediate period and early new kingdom context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Intermediate Period and early New Kingdom context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hittite-sack-babylon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "78a64478", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hittite-sack-babylon-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahittite-sack-babylon-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:thutmose-megiddo-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "thutmose-megiddo-summary", "label": "Egypt’s victory at Megiddo helps explain why fifteenth-century Canaan was an Egyptian imperial zone rather than an independent political vacuum.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt s victory at megiddo helps explain why fifteenth century canaan was an egyptian imperial zone rather than an independent political vacuum", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Egypt’s victory at Megiddo helps explain why fifteenth-century Canaan was an Egyptian imperial zone rather than an independent political vacuum.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Joshua chronology debate" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "thutmose-megiddo" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "0e5f56c3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=thutmose-megiddo-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Athutmose-megiddo-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:thutmose-megiddo-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "thutmose-megiddo-biblical-track", "label": "The battle is not narrated in the Bible; it matters to early-Exodus conquest proposals.", "normalizedLabel": "the battle is not narrated in the bible it matters to early exodus conquest proposals", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "The battle is not narrated in the Bible; it matters to early-Exodus conquest proposals.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Joshua chronology debate" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "thutmose-megiddo" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "e17f1a9c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=thutmose-megiddo-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Athutmose-megiddo-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:thutmose-megiddo-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "thutmose-megiddo-world-track", "label": "Thutmose III defeats a Canaanite coalition and strengthens Egyptian control over the Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "thutmose iii defeats a canaanite coalition and strengthens egyptian control over the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Thutmose III defeats a Canaanite coalition and strengthens Egyptian control over the Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "thutmose-megiddo" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "5be5fb23", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=thutmose-megiddo-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Athutmose-megiddo-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:thutmose-megiddo-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "thutmose-megiddo-evidence-1", "label": "Egyptian royal annals describe the campaign and siege.", "normalizedLabel": "egyptian royal annals describe the campaign and siege", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Egyptian royal annals describe the campaign and siege.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "thutmose-megiddo" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "ad02294f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=thutmose-megiddo-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Athutmose-megiddo-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:thutmose-megiddo-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "thutmose-megiddo-evidence-2", "label": "The broader archaeological record shows Egyptian hegemony in Late Bronze Age Canaan.", "normalizedLabel": "the broader archaeological record shows egyptian hegemony in late bronze age canaan", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The broader archaeological record shows Egyptian hegemony in Late Bronze Age Canaan.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "thutmose-megiddo" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "27a51345", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=thutmose-megiddo-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Athutmose-megiddo-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:thutmose-megiddo-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "thutmose-megiddo-objection-1", "label": "Royal annals are ideological and victory-focused.", "normalizedLabel": "royal annals are ideological and victory focused", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Royal annals are ideological and victory-focused.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "thutmose-megiddo" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "e63befee", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=thutmose-megiddo-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Athutmose-megiddo-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:thutmose-megiddo-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "thutmose-megiddo-objection-2", "label": "The battle does not directly prove or disprove a biblical Exodus.", "normalizedLabel": "the battle does not directly prove or disprove a biblical exodus", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The battle does not directly prove or disprove a biblical Exodus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "thutmose-megiddo" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "a2c5ec8f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=thutmose-megiddo-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Athutmose-megiddo-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:thutmose-megiddo-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "thutmose-megiddo-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "thutmose-megiddo" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "7792c31c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=thutmose-megiddo-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Athutmose-megiddo-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egyptian-empire-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egyptian-empire-summary", "label": "Egypt’s eastern Delta becomes the gateway to campaigns, tribute, diplomacy, and military logistics in Asia.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt s eastern delta becomes the gateway to campaigns tribute diplomacy and military logistics in asia", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Egypt’s eastern Delta becomes the gateway to campaigns, tribute, diplomacy, and military logistics in Asia.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Joshua and Judges (chronological context)" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egyptian-empire" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "dcbb5758", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egyptian-empire-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegyptian-empire-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egyptian-empire-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egyptian-empire-biblical-track", "label": "Exodus 1:7–10 as later interpreted within this setting", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 1 7 10 as later interpreted within this setting", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Exodus 1:7–10 as later interpreted within this setting", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Joshua and Judges (chronological context)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "egyptian-empire" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "41e66964", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egyptian-empire-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegyptian-empire-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egyptian-empire-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egyptian-empire-world-track", "label": "Pharaohs including Thutmose III extend Egyptian power deep into Canaan and Syria.", "normalizedLabel": "pharaohs including thutmose iii extend egyptian power deep into canaan and syria", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Pharaohs including Thutmose III extend Egyptian power deep into Canaan and Syria.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egyptian-empire" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "ab620117", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egyptian-empire-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegyptian-empire-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egyptian-empire-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egyptian-empire-evidence-1", "label": "Campaign records and diplomatic archives document Egyptian involvement throughout the Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "campaign records and diplomatic archives document egyptian involvement throughout the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Campaign records and diplomatic archives document Egyptian involvement throughout the Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egyptian-empire" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "0744a10d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egyptian-empire-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegyptian-empire-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egyptian-empire-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egyptian-empire-objection-1", "label": "The biblical text does not identify a specific imperial campaign as the cause of oppression.", "normalizedLabel": "the biblical text does not identify a specific imperial campaign as the cause of oppression", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The biblical text does not identify a specific imperial campaign as the cause of oppression.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egyptian-empire" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "74ab7373", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egyptian-empire-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegyptian-empire-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egyptian-empire-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egyptian-empire-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egyptian-empire" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "c1b2be18", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egyptian-empire-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegyptian-empire-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-crisis-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-crisis-summary", "label": "Akhenaten’s religious and administrative revolution destabilizes the Egyptian court and its traditional institutions.", "normalizedLabel": "akhenaten s religious and administrative revolution destabilizes the egyptian court and its traditional institutions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Akhenaten’s religious and administrative revolution destabilizes the Egyptian court and its traditional institutions.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 14:25–28 (later comparison)" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "91d745f0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-crisis-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-crisis-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-crisis-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-crisis-biblical-track", "label": "Historical background only", "normalizedLabel": "historical background only", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Historical background only", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 14:25–28 (later comparison)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "03478d7e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-crisis-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-crisis-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-crisis-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-crisis-world-track", "label": "Canaanite vassals correspond with Egypt while Hittite power expands in Syria.", "normalizedLabel": "canaanite vassals correspond with egypt while hittite power expands in syria", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Canaanite vassals correspond with Egypt while Hittite power expands in Syria.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "3d80957a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-crisis-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-crisis-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-crisis-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-crisis-evidence-1", "label": "The Amarna archive documents royal diplomacy, vassal anxiety, and instability in the Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "the amarna archive documents royal diplomacy vassal anxiety and instability in the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Amarna archive documents royal diplomacy, vassal anxiety, and instability in the Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "347ca8d4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-crisis-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-crisis-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-crisis-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-crisis-objection-1", "label": "No direct biblical connection is stated.", "normalizedLabel": "no direct biblical connection is stated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No direct biblical connection is stated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "d5d04e0a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-crisis-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-crisis-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-crisis-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-crisis-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "db7bafed", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-crisis-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-crisis-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-letters-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-letters-summary", "label": "The Amarna correspondence exposes the fragmented city-state system of Canaan under Egyptian overlordship shortly before the project’s oppression chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "the amarna correspondence exposes the fragmented city state system of canaan under egyptian overlordship shortly before the project s oppression chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Amarna correspondence exposes the fragmented city-state system of Canaan under Egyptian overlordship shortly before the project’s oppression chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Late Bronze Canaan context" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "ec7fd176", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-letters-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-letters-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-letters-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-letters-biblical-track", "label": "Possible comparisons include Habiru language and the political world behind later conquest traditions, but no letter identifies biblical Israel.", "normalizedLabel": "possible comparisons include habiru language and the political world behind later conquest traditions but no letter identifies biblical israel", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Possible comparisons include Habiru language and the political world behind later conquest traditions, but no letter identifies biblical Israel.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Late Bronze Canaan context" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "d358c1ed", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-letters-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-letters-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-letters-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-letters-world-track", "label": "Canaanite rulers write in Canaano-Akkadian to the Egyptian court about rivalries, rebellion, tribute, fugitives, and requests for troops.", "normalizedLabel": "canaanite rulers write in canaano akkadian to the egyptian court about rivalries rebellion tribute fugitives and requests for troops", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Canaanite rulers write in Canaano-Akkadian to the Egyptian court about rivalries, rebellion, tribute, fugitives, and requests for troops.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "86917273", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-letters-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-letters-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-letters-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-letters-evidence-1", "label": "Hundreds of diplomatic tablets survive from Akhetaten and other sites.", "normalizedLabel": "hundreds of diplomatic tablets survive from akhetaten and other sites", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Hundreds of diplomatic tablets survive from Akhetaten and other sites.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "105c5c7e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-letters-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-letters-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-letters-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-letters-evidence-2", "label": "The letters directly attest Egyptian administration and local instability.", "normalizedLabel": "the letters directly attest egyptian administration and local instability", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The letters directly attest Egyptian administration and local instability.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "7f34d638", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-letters-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-letters-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-letters-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-letters-objection-1", "label": "Habiru is a social designation and should not be automatically equated with Hebrews.", "normalizedLabel": "habiru is a social designation and should not be automatically equated with hebrews", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Habiru is a social designation and should not be automatically equated with Hebrews.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "8149de58", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-letters-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-letters-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-letters-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-letters-objection-2", "label": "The letters do not narrate Joshua’s conquest.", "normalizedLabel": "the letters do not narrate joshua s conquest", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The letters do not narrate Joshua’s conquest.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "0dc2dbe5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-letters-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-letters-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amarna-letters-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amarna-letters-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "amarna-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "c81dd83f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amarna-letters-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamarna-letters-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tutankhamun-death-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tutankhamun-death-summary", "label": "The young pharaoh’s death creates a dangerous succession crisis.", "normalizedLabel": "the young pharaoh s death creates a dangerous succession crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The young pharaoh’s death creates a dangerous succession crisis.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1:8–10 (project comparison)" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tutankhamun-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "c820c6fd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tutankhamun-death-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atutankhamun-death-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tutankhamun-death-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tutankhamun-death-biblical-track", "label": "Historical background proposed for Exodus 1:10", "normalizedLabel": "historical background proposed for exodus 1 10", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Historical background proposed for Exodus 1:10", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1:8–10 (project comparison)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "tutankhamun-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "4974e90d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tutankhamun-death-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atutankhamun-death-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tutankhamun-death-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tutankhamun-death-world-track", "label": "Egypt faces internal uncertainty while the Hittite Empire dominates much of Syria.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt faces internal uncertainty while the hittite empire dominates much of syria", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Egypt faces internal uncertainty while the Hittite Empire dominates much of Syria.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tutankhamun-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "faebd8dd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tutankhamun-death-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atutankhamun-death-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tutankhamun-death-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tutankhamun-death-evidence-1", "label": "Tutankhamun’s death and lack of a surviving royal heir are historically established.", "normalizedLabel": "tutankhamun s death and lack of a surviving royal heir are historically established", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Tutankhamun’s death and lack of a surviving royal heir are historically established.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tutankhamun-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "0e6e25cc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tutankhamun-death-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atutankhamun-death-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tutankhamun-death-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tutankhamun-death-objection-1", "label": "The crisis is not mentioned in Exodus.", "normalizedLabel": "the crisis is not mentioned in exodus", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The crisis is not mentioned in Exodus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tutankhamun-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "bc1f8699", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tutankhamun-death-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atutankhamun-death-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tutankhamun-death-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tutankhamun-death-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tutankhamun-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f7acfe3a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tutankhamun-death-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atutankhamun-death-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:seti-campaigns-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "seti-campaigns-summary", "label": "Seti I attempts to restore Egyptian control and temporarily recaptures Kadesh.", "normalizedLabel": "seti i attempts to restore egyptian control and temporarily recaptures kadesh", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Seti I attempts to restore Egyptian control and temporarily recaptures Kadesh.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1–2 (context)" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "seti-campaigns" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "851b6092", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=seti-campaigns-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseti-campaigns-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:seti-campaigns-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "seti-campaigns-biblical-track", "label": "Background for the militarization of the eastern Delta", "normalizedLabel": "background for the militarization of the eastern delta", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Background for the militarization of the eastern Delta", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1–2 (context)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "seti-campaigns" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "b69d5271", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=seti-campaigns-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseti-campaigns-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:seti-campaigns-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "seti-campaigns-world-track", "label": "Egypt and the Hittite Empire compete for control of Canaan and Syria.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt and the hittite empire compete for control of canaan and syria", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Egypt and the Hittite Empire compete for control of Canaan and Syria.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "seti-campaigns" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "2f5c8ecf", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=seti-campaigns-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseti-campaigns-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:seti-campaigns-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "seti-campaigns-evidence-1", "label": "Seti’s reliefs and inscriptions record campaigns in the Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "seti s reliefs and inscriptions record campaigns in the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Seti’s reliefs and inscriptions record campaigns in the Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "seti-campaigns" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "e539fbee", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=seti-campaigns-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseti-campaigns-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:seti-campaigns-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "seti-campaigns-objection-1", "label": "No source identifies Israelite workers in these campaigns.", "normalizedLabel": "no source identifies israelite workers in these campaigns", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No source identifies Israelite workers in these campaigns.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "seti-campaigns" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "cb67cd15", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=seti-campaigns-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseti-campaigns-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:seti-campaigns-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "seti-campaigns-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "seti-campaigns" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "5fd860a4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=seti-campaigns-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseti-campaigns-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kadesh-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kadesh-summary", "label": "Ramesses II confronts the Hittite Empire in one of the best-documented battles of the ancient world.", "normalizedLabel": "ramesses ii confronts the hittite empire in one of the best documented battles of the ancient world", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ramesses II confronts the Hittite Empire in one of the best-documented battles of the ancient world.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1:10 (contextual comparison)" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "641c479c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kadesh-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akadesh-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kadesh-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kadesh-biblical-track", "label": "Provides the geopolitical setting behind the fear expressed in Exodus 1:10", "normalizedLabel": "provides the geopolitical setting behind the fear expressed in exodus 1 10", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Provides the geopolitical setting behind the fear expressed in Exodus 1:10", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1:10 (contextual comparison)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "4d2281cd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kadesh-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akadesh-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kadesh-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kadesh-world-track", "label": "Egypt avoids disaster but fails to secure lasting control of Kadesh.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt avoids disaster but fails to secure lasting control of kadesh", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Egypt avoids disaster but fails to secure lasting control of Kadesh.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "a45c0ab7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kadesh-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akadesh-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kadesh-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kadesh-evidence-1", "label": "Egyptian monumental accounts and Hittite evidence establish the battle and its political context.", "normalizedLabel": "egyptian monumental accounts and hittite evidence establish the battle and its political context", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Egyptian monumental accounts and Hittite evidence establish the battle and its political context.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "ddc1f889", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kadesh-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akadesh-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kadesh-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kadesh-objection-1", "label": "The battle itself is not mentioned in Exodus.", "normalizedLabel": "the battle itself is not mentioned in exodus", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The battle itself is not mentioned in Exodus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2708bfd1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kadesh-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akadesh-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kadesh-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kadesh-objection-2", "label": "The project treats Kadesh as the climax of the threat environment, not necessarily the first moment of enslavement.", "normalizedLabel": "the project treats kadesh as the climax of the threat environment not necessarily the first moment of enslavement", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The project treats Kadesh as the climax of the threat environment, not necessarily the first moment of enslavement.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "1cfb11d7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kadesh-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akadesh-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kadesh-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kadesh-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "59a6e4cc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kadesh-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akadesh-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-kadesh-battle", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-kadesh-battle", "label": "Ramesses II fought the Hittite coalition at Kadesh in his fifth regnal year.", "normalizedLabel": "ramesses ii fought the hittite coalition at kadesh in his fifth regnal year", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ramesses II fought the Hittite coalition at Kadesh in his fifth regnal year.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The battle is independently established and supplies geopolitical context." }, "fingerprint": "8352f520", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-kadesh-battle#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-kadesh-battle", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-kadesh-oppression-link", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-kadesh-oppression-link", "label": "Kadesh demonstrates the reality of the Asiatic military threat described conceptually in Exodus 1:10.", "normalizedLabel": "kadesh demonstrates the reality of the asiatic military threat described conceptually in exodus 1 10", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Kadesh demonstrates the reality of the Asiatic military threat described conceptually in Exodus 1:10.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kadesh" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-inference", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The battle does not directly prove that the Israelites were enslaved because of that threat." }, "fingerprint": "be7a5894", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-kadesh-oppression-link#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-kadesh-oppression-link", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egypt-hatti-treaty-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty-summary", "label": "The peace treaty following decades of conflict clarifies the geopolitical environment in which the project places the Exodus.", "normalizedLabel": "the peace treaty following decades of conflict clarifies the geopolitical environment in which the project places the exodus", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The peace treaty following decades of conflict clarifies the geopolitical environment in which the project places the Exodus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "No direct biblical parallel" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "6598dccd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egypt-hatti-treaty-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egypt-hatti-treaty-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty-biblical-track", "label": "No biblical text mentions the treaty.", "normalizedLabel": "no biblical text mentions the treaty", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "No biblical text mentions the treaty.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "No direct biblical parallel" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "d401d517", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egypt-hatti-treaty-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egypt-hatti-treaty-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty-world-track", "label": "Ramesses II and Hattusili III formalize peace, mutual defense, extradition, and dynastic relations.", "normalizedLabel": "ramesses ii and hattusili iii formalize peace mutual defense extradition and dynastic relations", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Ramesses II and Hattusili III formalize peace, mutual defense, extradition, and dynastic relations.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "4b640583", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egypt-hatti-treaty-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egypt-hatti-treaty-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty-evidence-1", "label": "Egyptian and Hittite copies preserve parallel treaty traditions.", "normalizedLabel": "egyptian and hittite copies preserve parallel treaty traditions", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Egyptian and Hittite copies preserve parallel treaty traditions.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "1d945b93", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egypt-hatti-treaty-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egypt-hatti-treaty-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty-evidence-2", "label": "The treaty shows that the Kadesh conflict did not end in a simple Egyptian conquest.", "normalizedLabel": "the treaty shows that the kadesh conflict did not end in a simple egyptian conquest", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The treaty shows that the Kadesh conflict did not end in a simple Egyptian conquest.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "c35c15e9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egypt-hatti-treaty-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-1", "label": "The treaty does not mention Israel or an Exodus.", "normalizedLabel": "the treaty does not mention israel or an exodus", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The treaty does not mention Israel or an Exodus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2e94d6b5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-2", "label": "Its relation to the project’s date depends on the chosen chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "its relation to the project s date depends on the chosen chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Its relation to the project’s date depends on the chosen chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "110dc378", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the new kingdom late bronze age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the New Kingdom / Late Bronze Age context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "4fc5d876", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=egypt-hatti-treaty-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aegypt-hatti-treaty-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:merneptah-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "merneptah-summary", "label": "An Egyptian royal inscription identifies Israel as a people already present in Canaan.", "normalizedLabel": "an egyptian royal inscription identifies israel as a people already present in canaan", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "An Egyptian royal inscription identifies Israel as a people already present in Canaan.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "External reference to Israel" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "41100a26", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=merneptah-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amerneptah-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:merneptah-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "merneptah-biblical-track", "label": "Historical anchor following Joshua and before the monarchy", "normalizedLabel": "historical anchor following joshua and before the monarchy", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Historical anchor following Joshua and before the monarchy", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "External reference to Israel" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "3cd67e9d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=merneptah-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amerneptah-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:merneptah-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "merneptah-world-track", "label": "Merneptah campaigns in Canaan during the weakening of the Late Bronze Age order.", "normalizedLabel": "merneptah campaigns in canaan during the weakening of the late bronze age order", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Merneptah campaigns in Canaan during the weakening of the Late Bronze Age order.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "4762d1ac", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=merneptah-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amerneptah-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:merneptah-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "merneptah-evidence-1", "label": "The inscription’s determinative presents Israel as a people rather than a city-state.", "normalizedLabel": "the inscription s determinative presents israel as a people rather than a city state", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The inscription’s determinative presents Israel as a people rather than a city-state.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "036a9186", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=merneptah-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amerneptah-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:merneptah-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "merneptah-objection-1", "label": "The inscription does not explain Israel’s origins or mention the Exodus.", "normalizedLabel": "the inscription does not explain israel s origins or mention the exodus", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The inscription does not explain Israel’s origins or mention the Exodus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "daa1fd5f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=merneptah-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amerneptah-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:merneptah-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "merneptah-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "134822b4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=merneptah-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amerneptah-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-merneptah-boundary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-merneptah-boundary", "label": "The Merneptah Stela identifies a people called Israel in Canaan by approximately 1208 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the merneptah stela identifies a people called israel in canaan by approximately 1208 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Merneptah Stela identifies a people called Israel in Canaan by approximately 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "merneptah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This is a firm upper boundary, not proof of the Exodus date." }, "fingerprint": "bbaf85f3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-merneptah-boundary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-merneptah-boundary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:bronze-age-collapse-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "bronze-age-collapse-summary", "label": "Palatial systems collapse across the eastern Mediterranean as Israel, Philistines, and new Iron Age polities emerge.", "normalizedLabel": "palatial systems collapse across the eastern mediterranean as israel philistines and new iron age polities emerge", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Palatial systems collapse across the eastern Mediterranean as Israel, Philistines, and new Iron Age polities emerge.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Judges 1–5 (broad context)" ], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "bronze-age-collapse" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "26d4d96c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=bronze-age-collapse-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abronze-age-collapse-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:bronze-age-collapse-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "bronze-age-collapse-biblical-track", "label": "Judges depicts decentralized conflict and social fragmentation; it is not a direct chronicle of the entire regional collapse.", "normalizedLabel": "judges depicts decentralized conflict and social fragmentation it is not a direct chronicle of the entire regional collapse", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Judges depicts decentralized conflict and social fragmentation; it is not a direct chronicle of the entire regional collapse.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Judges 1–5 (broad context)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "bronze-age-collapse" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "61aefc34", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=bronze-age-collapse-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abronze-age-collapse-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:bronze-age-collapse-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "bronze-age-collapse-world-track", "label": "Hittite imperial authority disappears, Ugarit is destroyed, trade contracts, and Egyptian power in Canaan weakens.", "normalizedLabel": "hittite imperial authority disappears ugarit is destroyed trade contracts and egyptian power in canaan weakens", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Hittite imperial authority disappears, Ugarit is destroyed, trade contracts, and Egyptian power in Canaan weakens.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "bronze-age-collapse" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "a942b628", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=bronze-age-collapse-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abronze-age-collapse-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:bronze-age-collapse-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "bronze-age-collapse-evidence-1", "label": "Destruction layers, abandoned centers, changing pottery, and contemporary inscriptions document a regional transformation.", "normalizedLabel": "destruction layers abandoned centers changing pottery and contemporary inscriptions document a regional transformation", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Destruction layers, abandoned centers, changing pottery, and contemporary inscriptions document a regional transformation.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "bronze-age-collapse" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "2ef1c066", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=bronze-age-collapse-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abronze-age-collapse-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:bronze-age-collapse-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "bronze-age-collapse-objection-1", "label": "No single cause explains the collapse.", "normalizedLabel": "no single cause explains the collapse", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No single cause explains the collapse.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "bronze-age-collapse" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "5366c212", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=bronze-age-collapse-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abronze-age-collapse-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:bronze-age-collapse-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "bronze-age-collapse-objection-2", "label": "Climate, war, migration, internal rebellion, earthquakes, and systems failure remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "climate war migration internal rebellion earthquakes and systems failure remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Climate, war, migration, internal rebellion, earthquakes, and systems failure remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "bronze-age-collapse" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "61de9abc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=bronze-age-collapse-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abronze-age-collapse-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:bronze-age-collapse-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "bronze-age-collapse-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Late Bronze–Iron I transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the late bronze iron i transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Late Bronze–Iron I transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "bronze-age-collapse" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "3590946d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=bronze-age-collapse-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abronze-age-collapse-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:philistine-settlement-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "philistine-settlement-summary", "label": "Philistine cities become a major political and military force in the setting of Judges and Samuel.", "normalizedLabel": "philistine cities become a major political and military force in the setting of judges and samuel", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Philistine cities become a major political and military force in the setting of Judges and Samuel.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Judges 13–16; 1 Samuel 4–31" ], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "philistine-settlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "f7ca2bb0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=philistine-settlement-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aphilistine-settlement-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:philistine-settlement-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "philistine-settlement-biblical-track", "label": "Judges 13–16; 1 Samuel 4–31.", "normalizedLabel": "judges 13 16 1 samuel 4 31", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Judges 13–16; 1 Samuel 4–31.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Judges 13–16; 1 Samuel 4–31" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "philistine-settlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "8e02e6e0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=philistine-settlement-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aphilistine-settlement-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:philistine-settlement-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "philistine-settlement-world-track", "label": "Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza develop distinctive material culture within a rapidly changing Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "ashkelon ashdod ekron gath and gaza develop distinctive material culture within a rapidly changing levant", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza develop distinctive material culture within a rapidly changing Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "philistine-settlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "d0860de7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=philistine-settlement-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aphilistine-settlement-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:philistine-settlement-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "philistine-settlement-evidence-1", "label": "Aegean-linked pottery and foodways appear alongside strong local continuity.", "normalizedLabel": "aegean linked pottery and foodways appear alongside strong local continuity", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Aegean-linked pottery and foodways appear alongside strong local continuity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "philistine-settlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "3d6f7234", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=philistine-settlement-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aphilistine-settlement-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:philistine-settlement-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "philistine-settlement-evidence-2", "label": "Egyptian texts describe groups traditionally associated with the Sea Peoples.", "normalizedLabel": "egyptian texts describe groups traditionally associated with the sea peoples", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Egyptian texts describe groups traditionally associated with the Sea Peoples.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "philistine-settlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "3af8d9a7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=philistine-settlement-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aphilistine-settlement-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:philistine-settlement-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "philistine-settlement-objection-1", "label": "Philistine identity changed over time and cannot be reduced to a single migration event.", "normalizedLabel": "philistine identity changed over time and cannot be reduced to a single migration event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Philistine identity changed over time and cannot be reduced to a single migration event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "philistine-settlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "1f7a4db5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=philistine-settlement-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aphilistine-settlement-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:philistine-settlement-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "philistine-settlement-objection-2", "label": "Archaeological culture does not map perfectly onto biblical ethnicity.", "normalizedLabel": "archaeological culture does not map perfectly onto biblical ethnicity", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Archaeological culture does not map perfectly onto biblical ethnicity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "philistine-settlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f02fccc1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=philistine-settlement-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aphilistine-settlement-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:philistine-settlement-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "philistine-settlement-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Late Bronze–Iron I transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the late bronze iron i transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Late Bronze–Iron I transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "philistine-settlement" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "a2331bdc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=philistine-settlement-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aphilistine-settlement-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:judges-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "judges-summary", "label": "Israel exists as a loose tribal confederation amid recurring oppression, deliverance, and internal disorder.", "normalizedLabel": "israel exists as a loose tribal confederation amid recurring oppression deliverance and internal disorder", "aliases": [], "status": "broad-historical-fit", "summary": "Israel exists as a loose tribal confederation amid recurring oppression, deliverance, and internal disorder.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Judges; Ruth" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "73edfb42", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=judges-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajudges-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:judges-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "judges-biblical-track", "label": "Judges; Ruth", "normalizedLabel": "judges ruth", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Judges; Ruth", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Judges; Ruth" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "7208552d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=judges-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajudges-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:judges-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "judges-world-track", "label": "The Hittite Empire disappears, Philistine culture emerges on the coast, and regional trade networks contract.", "normalizedLabel": "the hittite empire disappears philistine culture emerges on the coast and regional trade networks contract", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The Hittite Empire disappears, Philistine culture emerges on the coast, and regional trade networks contract.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "165c3510", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=judges-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajudges-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:judges-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "judges-evidence-1", "label": "The fragmented political environment fits the decentralized world described in Judges.", "normalizedLabel": "the fragmented political environment fits the decentralized world described in judges", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The fragmented political environment fits the decentralized world described in Judges.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "441c502e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=judges-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajudges-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:judges-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "judges-objection-1", "label": "Individual judges are difficult to date precisely.", "normalizedLabel": "individual judges are difficult to date precisely", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Individual judges are difficult to date precisely.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "e2195d54", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=judges-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajudges-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:judges-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "judges-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "judges" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "a42db702", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=judges-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajudges-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shiloh-samuel-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shiloh-samuel-summary", "label": "The Shiloh traditions connect the decentralized judges period to the rise of monarchy and the Philistine crisis.", "normalizedLabel": "the shiloh traditions connect the decentralized judges period to the rise of monarchy and the philistine crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "The Shiloh traditions connect the decentralized judges period to the rise of monarchy and the Philistine crisis.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1–7" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shiloh-samuel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "9d364174", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shiloh-samuel-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashiloh-samuel-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shiloh-samuel-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shiloh-samuel-biblical-track", "label": "1 Samuel 1–7; Jeremiah 7:12–14.", "normalizedLabel": "1 samuel 1 7 jeremiah 7 12 14", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "1 Samuel 1–7; Jeremiah 7:12–14.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 1–7" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "shiloh-samuel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "cc1080b1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shiloh-samuel-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashiloh-samuel-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shiloh-samuel-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shiloh-samuel-world-track", "label": "Highland communities consolidate while Philistine power pressures the central hill country.", "normalizedLabel": "highland communities consolidate while philistine power pressures the central hill country", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Highland communities consolidate while Philistine power pressures the central hill country.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shiloh-samuel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "b4f2851f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shiloh-samuel-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashiloh-samuel-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shiloh-samuel-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shiloh-samuel-evidence-1", "label": "Shiloh was an important Iron Age site and cultic center.", "normalizedLabel": "shiloh was an important iron age site and cultic center", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Shiloh was an important Iron Age site and cultic center.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shiloh-samuel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "a26d7037", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shiloh-samuel-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashiloh-samuel-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shiloh-samuel-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shiloh-samuel-objection-1", "label": "The archaeological destruction chronology and its relationship to 1 Samuel remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the archaeological destruction chronology and its relationship to 1 samuel remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The archaeological destruction chronology and its relationship to 1 Samuel remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shiloh-samuel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "e7d85031", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shiloh-samuel-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashiloh-samuel-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shiloh-samuel-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shiloh-samuel-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Late Bronze–Iron I transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the late bronze iron i transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Late Bronze–Iron I transition context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shiloh-samuel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "ef6d90c6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shiloh-samuel-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashiloh-samuel-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:saul-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "saul-summary", "label": "Israel centralizes under Saul as Philistine pressure intensifies.", "normalizedLabel": "israel centralizes under saul as philistine pressure intensifies", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Israel centralizes under Saul as Philistine pressure intensifies.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 8–31" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "d0efc14e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=saul-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asaul-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:saul-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "saul-biblical-track", "label": "1 Samuel 8–31", "normalizedLabel": "1 samuel 8 31", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "1 Samuel 8–31", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Samuel 8–31" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "683b5783", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=saul-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asaul-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:saul-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "saul-world-track", "label": "Small Iron Age kingdoms compete in the power vacuum left by weakened empires.", "normalizedLabel": "small iron age kingdoms compete in the power vacuum left by weakened empires", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Small Iron Age kingdoms compete in the power vacuum left by weakened empires.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "26c57253", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=saul-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asaul-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:saul-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "saul-evidence-1", "label": "The political need for coordinated military leadership fits the Philistine conflict.", "normalizedLabel": "the political need for coordinated military leadership fits the philistine conflict", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The political need for coordinated military leadership fits the Philistine conflict.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "dd8176ed", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=saul-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asaul-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:saul-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "saul-objection-1", "label": "Precise regnal dates remain reconstructed.", "normalizedLabel": "precise regnal dates remain reconstructed", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Precise regnal dates remain reconstructed.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "440d1b21", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=saul-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asaul-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:saul-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "saul-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "saul" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "3e48bf2f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=saul-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asaul-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:david-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "david-summary", "label": "David unites the tribes, captures Jerusalem, and receives the promise of an enduring dynasty.", "normalizedLabel": "david unites the tribes captures jerusalem and receives the promise of an enduring dynasty", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "David unites the tribes, captures Jerusalem, and receives the promise of an enduring dynasty.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1–2 Samuel; 1 Chronicles" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "david" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "66bec5be", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=david-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adavid-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:david-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "david-biblical-track", "label": "2 Samuel; 1 Chronicles 11–29", "normalizedLabel": "2 samuel 1 chronicles 11 29", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Samuel; 1 Chronicles 11–29", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1–2 Samuel; 1 Chronicles" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "david" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "8e4e0f79", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=david-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adavid-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:david-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "david-world-track", "label": "Phoenician cities expand trade while Israel develops as a regional kingdom.", "normalizedLabel": "phoenician cities expand trade while israel develops as a regional kingdom", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Phoenician cities expand trade while Israel develops as a regional kingdom.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "david" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "4074392c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=david-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adavid-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:david-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "david-evidence-1", "label": "Later inscriptions attest a dynastic entity called the House of David.", "normalizedLabel": "later inscriptions attest a dynastic entity called the house of david", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Later inscriptions attest a dynastic entity called the House of David.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "david" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "3e8baf7c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=david-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adavid-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:david-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "david-objection-1", "label": "The scale and wealth of David’s kingdom remain debated archaeologically.", "normalizedLabel": "the scale and wealth of david s kingdom remain debated archaeologically", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The scale and wealth of David’s kingdom remain debated archaeologically.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "david" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f3e75431", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=david-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adavid-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:david-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "david-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "david" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "a5285396", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=david-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adavid-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:solomon-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "solomon-summary", "label": "Solomon builds the Jerusalem Temple and presides over a prosperous but heavily administered kingdom.", "normalizedLabel": "solomon builds the jerusalem temple and presides over a prosperous but heavily administered kingdom", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "Solomon builds the Jerusalem Temple and presides over a prosperous but heavily administered kingdom.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 1–11; 2 Chronicles 1–9" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "solomon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "397e20dc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=solomon-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asolomon-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:solomon-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "solomon-biblical-track", "label": "1 Kings 1–11", "normalizedLabel": "1 kings 1 11", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "1 Kings 1–11", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 1–11; 2 Chronicles 1–9" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "solomon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "23fadcdf", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=solomon-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asolomon-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:solomon-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "solomon-world-track", "label": "Trade links Egypt, Phoenicia, Arabia, and the Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "trade links egypt phoenicia arabia and the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Trade links Egypt, Phoenicia, Arabia, and the Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "solomon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "ad985201", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=solomon-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asolomon-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:solomon-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "solomon-evidence-1", "label": "The biblical narrative anchors the Temple within the early monarchy.", "normalizedLabel": "the biblical narrative anchors the temple within the early monarchy", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The biblical narrative anchors the Temple within the early monarchy.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "solomon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "876c87cb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=solomon-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asolomon-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:solomon-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "solomon-objection-1", "label": "The precise scale of Solomon’s state and building program remains debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the precise scale of solomon s state and building program remains debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The precise scale of Solomon’s state and building program remains debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "solomon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "4577973a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=solomon-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asolomon-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:solomon-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "solomon-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "solomon" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "c98856e5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=solomon-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asolomon-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:divided-kingdom-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "divided-kingdom-summary", "label": "Israel divides into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah.", "normalizedLabel": "israel divides into the northern kingdom of israel and the southern kingdom of judah", "aliases": [], "status": "standard-chronology", "summary": "Israel divides into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 12; 2 Chronicles 10" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "divided-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "8bc3810d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=divided-kingdom-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adivided-kingdom-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:divided-kingdom-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "divided-kingdom-biblical-track", "label": "1 Kings 12", "normalizedLabel": "1 kings 12", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "1 Kings 12", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 12; 2 Chronicles 10" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "divided-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "1a7410ab", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=divided-kingdom-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adivided-kingdom-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:divided-kingdom-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "divided-kingdom-world-track", "label": "The Neo-Assyrian state begins the expansion that will eventually dominate the Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "the neo assyrian state begins the expansion that will eventually dominate the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The Neo-Assyrian state begins the expansion that will eventually dominate the Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "divided-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "b3342aa9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=divided-kingdom-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adivided-kingdom-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:divided-kingdom-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "divided-kingdom-evidence-1", "label": "Later Assyrian records independently name rulers and territories of Israel and Judah.", "normalizedLabel": "later assyrian records independently name rulers and territories of israel and judah", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Later Assyrian records independently name rulers and territories of Israel and Judah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "divided-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "bd5e2026", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=divided-kingdom-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adivided-kingdom-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:divided-kingdom-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "divided-kingdom-objection-1", "label": "The exact year varies slightly by chronological system.", "normalizedLabel": "the exact year varies slightly by chronological system", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The exact year varies slightly by chronological system.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "divided-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "4f509026", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=divided-kingdom-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adivided-kingdom-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:divided-kingdom-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "divided-kingdom-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "divided-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "ca0585f0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=divided-kingdom-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adivided-kingdom-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shoshenq-campaign-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shoshenq-campaign-summary", "label": "The campaign of Shoshenq I is one of the earliest major external synchronisms for the divided monarchy.", "normalizedLabel": "the campaign of shoshenq i is one of the earliest major external synchronisms for the divided monarchy", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The campaign of Shoshenq I is one of the earliest major external synchronisms for the divided monarchy.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 14:25–28; 2 Chronicles 12" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shoshenq-campaign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "1ca42622", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shoshenq-campaign-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashoshenq-campaign-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shoshenq-campaign-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shoshenq-campaign-biblical-track", "label": "1 Kings 14:25–28; 2 Chronicles 12.", "normalizedLabel": "1 kings 14 25 28 2 chronicles 12", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "1 Kings 14:25–28; 2 Chronicles 12.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 14:25–28; 2 Chronicles 12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "shoshenq-campaign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "afec16e0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shoshenq-campaign-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashoshenq-campaign-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shoshenq-campaign-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shoshenq-campaign-world-track", "label": "Egypt reasserts influence in the Levant after the division of the kingdom.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt reasserts influence in the levant after the division of the kingdom", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Egypt reasserts influence in the Levant after the division of the kingdom.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shoshenq-campaign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "89822c97", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shoshenq-campaign-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashoshenq-campaign-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shoshenq-campaign-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shoshenq-campaign-evidence-1", "label": "The Bubastite Portal at Karnak preserves a campaign list associated with Shoshenq I.", "normalizedLabel": "the bubastite portal at karnak preserves a campaign list associated with shoshenq i", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Bubastite Portal at Karnak preserves a campaign list associated with Shoshenq I.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shoshenq-campaign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "227851b9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shoshenq-campaign-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashoshenq-campaign-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shoshenq-campaign-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shoshenq-campaign-objection-1", "label": "The inscription does not narrate the biblical temple-plunder story in detail.", "normalizedLabel": "the inscription does not narrate the biblical temple plunder story in detail", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The inscription does not narrate the biblical temple-plunder story in detail.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shoshenq-campaign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "5adb28ce", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shoshenq-campaign-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashoshenq-campaign-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shoshenq-campaign-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shoshenq-campaign-objection-2", "label": "The identification with biblical Shishak is strong but interpretive.", "normalizedLabel": "the identification with biblical shishak is strong but interpretive", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The identification with biblical Shishak is strong but interpretive.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shoshenq-campaign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "ad9eb07d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shoshenq-campaign-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashoshenq-campaign-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:shoshenq-campaign-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "shoshenq-campaign-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "shoshenq-campaign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "af2a336f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=shoshenq-campaign-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ashoshenq-campaign-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:qarqar-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "qarqar-summary", "label": "Ahab joins a Levantine coalition resisting Assyrian expansion.", "normalizedLabel": "ahab joins a levantine coalition resisting assyrian expansion", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ahab joins a Levantine coalition resisting Assyrian expansion.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 16–22 (Ahab context)" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "qarqar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "41f0f0fb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=qarqar-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aqarqar-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:qarqar-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "qarqar-biblical-track", "label": "Historical setting of 1 Kings 16–22", "normalizedLabel": "historical setting of 1 kings 16 22", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Historical setting of 1 Kings 16–22", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Kings 16–22 (Ahab context)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "qarqar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "0afdcf2c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=qarqar-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aqarqar-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:qarqar-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "qarqar-world-track", "label": "Shalmaneser III records the coalition and Ahab’s military contribution.", "normalizedLabel": "shalmaneser iii records the coalition and ahab s military contribution", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Shalmaneser III records the coalition and Ahab’s military contribution.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "qarqar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "1b095106", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=qarqar-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aqarqar-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:qarqar-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "qarqar-evidence-1", "label": "The Kurkh Monolith names Ahab and the opposing coalition.", "normalizedLabel": "the kurkh monolith names ahab and the opposing coalition", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Kurkh Monolith names Ahab and the opposing coalition.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "qarqar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "eb27d889", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=qarqar-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aqarqar-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:qarqar-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "qarqar-objection-1", "label": "The battle is not narrated directly in Kings.", "normalizedLabel": "the battle is not narrated directly in kings", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The battle is not narrated directly in Kings.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "qarqar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "0d9fb045", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=qarqar-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aqarqar-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:qarqar-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "qarqar-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "qarqar" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "19ae0919", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=qarqar-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aqarqar-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jehu-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jehu-summary", "label": "The northern kingdom submits tribute to the expanding Assyrian Empire.", "normalizedLabel": "the northern kingdom submits tribute to the expanding assyrian empire", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The northern kingdom submits tribute to the expanding Assyrian Empire.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 9–10" ], "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jehu" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "7d7d5a2c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jehu-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajehu-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jehu-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jehu-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 9–10", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 9 10", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 9–10", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 9–10" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "jehu" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "78dd11c4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jehu-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajehu-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jehu-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jehu-world-track", "label": "Shalmaneser III’s Black Obelisk depicts or identifies Jehu’s tribute.", "normalizedLabel": "shalmaneser iii s black obelisk depicts or identifies jehu s tribute", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Shalmaneser III’s Black Obelisk depicts or identifies Jehu’s tribute.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jehu" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "84c34a4a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jehu-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajehu-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jehu-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jehu-evidence-1", "label": "The Black Obelisk is a direct extra-biblical synchronization.", "normalizedLabel": "the black obelisk is a direct extra biblical synchronization", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Black Obelisk is a direct extra-biblical synchronization.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jehu" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "aed012e3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jehu-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajehu-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jehu-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jehu-objection-1", "label": "Assyrian terminology may describe Jehu through the earlier dynasty of Omri.", "normalizedLabel": "assyrian terminology may describe jehu through the earlier dynasty of omri", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Assyrian terminology may describe Jehu through the earlier dynasty of Omri.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jehu" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "4b12d14a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jehu-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajehu-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jehu-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jehu-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jehu" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2b916cc6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jehu-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajehu-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mesha-stele-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mesha-stele-summary", "label": "Mesha’s inscription provides a Moabite royal account of conflict with Israel and an invaluable non-biblical perspective on the Omride world.", "normalizedLabel": "mesha s inscription provides a moabite royal account of conflict with israel and an invaluable non biblical perspective on the omride world", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Mesha’s inscription provides a Moabite royal account of conflict with Israel and an invaluable non-biblical perspective on the Omride world.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 3" ], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "03e71d4f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mesha-stele-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amesha-stele-summary", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mesha-stele-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mesha-stele-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 3.", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 3", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 3.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "ec610c97", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mesha-stele-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amesha-stele-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mesha-stele-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mesha-stele-world-track", "label": "King Mesha credits Chemosh with restoring Moabite territory after Israelite domination.", "normalizedLabel": "king mesha credits chemosh with restoring moabite territory after israelite domination", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "King Mesha credits Chemosh with restoring Moabite territory after Israelite domination.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "c91ef417", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mesha-stele-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amesha-stele-world-track", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mesha-stele-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mesha-stele-evidence-1", "label": "The Louvre record describes a Moabite historical inscription containing thirty-four lines.", "normalizedLabel": "the louvre record describes a moabite historical inscription containing thirty four lines", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Louvre record describes a Moabite historical inscription containing thirty-four lines.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "62d5b2c8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mesha-stele-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amesha-stele-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mesha-stele-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mesha-stele-evidence-2", "label": "The text names Omri and Israel.", "normalizedLabel": "the text names omri and israel", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The text names Omri and Israel.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "5321715f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mesha-stele-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amesha-stele-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mesha-stele-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mesha-stele-objection-1", "label": "The inscription and 2 Kings present competing theological and political narratives.", "normalizedLabel": "the inscription and 2 kings present competing theological and political narratives", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The inscription and 2 Kings present competing theological and political narratives.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "cdcfaa61", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mesha-stele-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amesha-stele-objection-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mesha-stele-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mesha-stele-objection-2", "label": "Damaged lines generate disputed restorations, including possible dynastic names.", "normalizedLabel": "damaged lines generate disputed restorations including possible dynastic names", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Damaged lines generate disputed restorations, including possible dynastic names.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "5c315511", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mesha-stele-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amesha-stele-objection-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mesha-stele-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mesha-stele-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mesha-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "60f3c1d3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mesha-stele-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amesha-stele-objection-3", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tel-dan-stele-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tel-dan-stele-summary", "label": "An Aramaic victory inscription refers to the king of Israel and the House of David, externally attesting a Davidic dynastic designation.", "normalizedLabel": "an aramaic victory inscription refers to the king of israel and the house of david externally attesting a davidic dynastic designation", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "An Aramaic victory inscription refers to the king of Israel and the House of David, externally attesting a Davidic dynastic designation.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 8–10" ], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tel-dan-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "449b105c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tel-dan-stele-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atel-dan-stele-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tel-dan-stele-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tel-dan-stele-biblical-track", "label": "Often compared with 2 Kings 8–10.", "normalizedLabel": "often compared with 2 kings 8 10", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Often compared with 2 Kings 8–10.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 8–10" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "tel-dan-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "34d11a84", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tel-dan-stele-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atel-dan-stele-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tel-dan-stele-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tel-dan-stele-world-track", "label": "Aram-Damascus competes violently with Israel and Judah.", "normalizedLabel": "aram damascus competes violently with israel and judah", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Aram-Damascus competes violently with Israel and Judah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tel-dan-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "29d0ac9a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tel-dan-stele-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atel-dan-stele-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tel-dan-stele-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tel-dan-stele-evidence-1", "label": "The inscription contains the expression commonly read as House of David.", "normalizedLabel": "the inscription contains the expression commonly read as house of david", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The inscription contains the expression commonly read as House of David.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tel-dan-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "70bdb553", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tel-dan-stele-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atel-dan-stele-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tel-dan-stele-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tel-dan-stele-objection-1", "label": "The author, exact reconstruction, and relationship to the biblical battle narrative are debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the author exact reconstruction and relationship to the biblical battle narrative are debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The author, exact reconstruction, and relationship to the biblical battle narrative are debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tel-dan-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "d12d20dd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tel-dan-stele-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atel-dan-stele-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tel-dan-stele-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tel-dan-stele-objection-2", "label": "A dynastic reference does not verify every detail of David’s biblical biography.", "normalizedLabel": "a dynastic reference does not verify every detail of david s biblical biography", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "A dynastic reference does not verify every detail of David’s biblical biography.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tel-dan-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2c57b504", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tel-dan-stele-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atel-dan-stele-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tel-dan-stele-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tel-dan-stele-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tel-dan-stele" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "96d2090d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tel-dan-stele-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atel-dan-stele-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jeroboam-uzziah-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah-summary", "label": "Israel and Judah experience expansion and wealth while prophets condemn exploitation, corruption, and false security.", "normalizedLabel": "israel and judah experience expansion and wealth while prophets condemn exploitation corruption and false security", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Israel and Judah experience expansion and wealth while prophets condemn exploitation, corruption, and false security.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 14–15; Amos; Hosea; Isaiah" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "af1b2a3d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jeroboam-uzziah-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajeroboam-uzziah-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jeroboam-uzziah-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 14–15; Amos; Hosea; Isaiah 1–6.", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 14 15 amos hosea isaiah 1 6", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 14–15; Amos; Hosea; Isaiah 1–6.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 14–15; Amos; Hosea; Isaiah" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "91c4ee08", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jeroboam-uzziah-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajeroboam-uzziah-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jeroboam-uzziah-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah-world-track", "label": "Assyrian pressure temporarily recedes before the western campaigns of Tiglath-pileser III.", "normalizedLabel": "assyrian pressure temporarily recedes before the western campaigns of tiglath pileser iii", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Assyrian pressure temporarily recedes before the western campaigns of Tiglath-pileser III.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "340733b1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jeroboam-uzziah-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajeroboam-uzziah-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jeroboam-uzziah-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah-evidence-1", "label": "Settlement growth, administrative systems, and luxury goods fit a period of state expansion.", "normalizedLabel": "settlement growth administrative systems and luxury goods fit a period of state expansion", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Settlement growth, administrative systems, and luxury goods fit a period of state expansion.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "5488a0d6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jeroboam-uzziah-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajeroboam-uzziah-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jeroboam-uzziah-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah-objection-1", "label": "The scale and centralization of the kingdoms remain disputed.", "normalizedLabel": "the scale and centralization of the kingdoms remain disputed", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The scale and centralization of the kingdoms remain disputed.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "54e3098c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jeroboam-uzziah-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajeroboam-uzziah-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jeroboam-uzziah-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah-objection-2", "label": "Prosperity was uneven and prophetic texts emphasize social inequality.", "normalizedLabel": "prosperity was uneven and prophetic texts emphasize social inequality", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Prosperity was uneven and prophetic texts emphasize social inequality.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "43f3524a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jeroboam-uzziah-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajeroboam-uzziah-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jeroboam-uzziah-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jeroboam-uzziah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "39bafefa", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jeroboam-uzziah-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajeroboam-uzziah-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiglath-pileser-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiglath-pileser-summary", "label": "Assyria shifts from episodic campaigning to annexation, deportation, tribute, and provincial government.", "normalizedLabel": "assyria shifts from episodic campaigning to annexation deportation tribute and provincial government", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Assyria shifts from episodic campaigning to annexation, deportation, tribute, and provincial government.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 15–16" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiglath-pileser" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "0b29a3d1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiglath-pileser-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiglath-pileser-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiglath-pileser-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiglath-pileser-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 15–16; Isaiah 7–8.", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 15 16 isaiah 7 8", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 15–16; Isaiah 7–8.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 15–16" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiglath-pileser" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "36b03f9b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiglath-pileser-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiglath-pileser-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiglath-pileser-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiglath-pileser-world-track", "label": "The Neo-Assyrian Empire restructures Syria-Palestine and reduces regional kingdoms to clients or provinces.", "normalizedLabel": "the neo assyrian empire restructures syria palestine and reduces regional kingdoms to clients or provinces", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The Neo-Assyrian Empire restructures Syria-Palestine and reduces regional kingdoms to clients or provinces.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiglath-pileser" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "625bbb4e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiglath-pileser-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiglath-pileser-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiglath-pileser-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiglath-pileser-evidence-1", "label": "Assyrian royal inscriptions document campaigns and tribute.", "normalizedLabel": "assyrian royal inscriptions document campaigns and tribute", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Assyrian royal inscriptions document campaigns and tribute.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiglath-pileser" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "648d1b42", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiglath-pileser-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiglath-pileser-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiglath-pileser-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiglath-pileser-objection-1", "label": "Imperial records magnify royal success and often omit setbacks.", "normalizedLabel": "imperial records magnify royal success and often omit setbacks", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Imperial records magnify royal success and often omit setbacks.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiglath-pileser" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "bc74960e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiglath-pileser-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiglath-pileser-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiglath-pileser-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiglath-pileser-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiglath-pileser" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "67c5e7e8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiglath-pileser-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiglath-pileser-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:syro-ephraimite-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "syro-ephraimite-summary", "label": "The crisis explains the political setting of Isaiah’s Immanuel prophecy and Judah’s turn toward Assyrian protection.", "normalizedLabel": "the crisis explains the political setting of isaiah s immanuel prophecy and judah s turn toward assyrian protection", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "The crisis explains the political setting of Isaiah’s Immanuel prophecy and Judah’s turn toward Assyrian protection.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 16; Isaiah 7–9" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "syro-ephraimite" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "062f4c20", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=syro-ephraimite-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asyro-ephraimite-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:syro-ephraimite-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "syro-ephraimite-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 16; Isaiah 7–9; 2 Chronicles 28.", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 16 isaiah 7 9 2 chronicles 28", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 16; Isaiah 7–9; 2 Chronicles 28.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 16; Isaiah 7–9" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "syro-ephraimite" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "d86d8113", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=syro-ephraimite-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asyro-ephraimite-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:syro-ephraimite-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "syro-ephraimite-world-track", "label": "Aram and Israel pressure Judah while Tiglath-pileser III advances westward.", "normalizedLabel": "aram and israel pressure judah while tiglath pileser iii advances westward", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Aram and Israel pressure Judah while Tiglath-pileser III advances westward.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "syro-ephraimite" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "5084a418", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=syro-ephraimite-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asyro-ephraimite-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:syro-ephraimite-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "syro-ephraimite-evidence-1", "label": "Assyrian chronology and biblical narrative intersect closely.", "normalizedLabel": "assyrian chronology and biblical narrative intersect closely", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Assyrian chronology and biblical narrative intersect closely.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "syro-ephraimite" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "46a4e747", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=syro-ephraimite-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asyro-ephraimite-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:syro-ephraimite-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "syro-ephraimite-objection-1", "label": "The historical referent and later messianic interpretation of Isaiah 7:14 must be distinguished.", "normalizedLabel": "the historical referent and later messianic interpretation of isaiah 7 14 must be distinguished", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The historical referent and later messianic interpretation of Isaiah 7:14 must be distinguished.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "syro-ephraimite" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "9fc3dbbf", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=syro-ephraimite-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asyro-ephraimite-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:syro-ephraimite-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "syro-ephraimite-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "syro-ephraimite" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "c495ec43", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=syro-ephraimite-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asyro-ephraimite-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:samaria-falls-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "samaria-falls-summary", "label": "The northern kingdom is conquered and significant populations are deported.", "normalizedLabel": "the northern kingdom is conquered and significant populations are deported", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The northern kingdom is conquered and significant populations are deported.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 17" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "samaria-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "87d09c58", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=samaria-falls-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asamaria-falls-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:samaria-falls-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "samaria-falls-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 17", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 17", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 17", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "samaria-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "6c850acb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=samaria-falls-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asamaria-falls-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:samaria-falls-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "samaria-falls-world-track", "label": "The Neo-Assyrian Empire dominates the Near East through conquest, tribute, resettlement, and provincial administration.", "normalizedLabel": "the neo assyrian empire dominates the near east through conquest tribute resettlement and provincial administration", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The Neo-Assyrian Empire dominates the Near East through conquest, tribute, resettlement, and provincial administration.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "samaria-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "d6226134", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=samaria-falls-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asamaria-falls-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:samaria-falls-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "samaria-falls-evidence-1", "label": "Biblical and Assyrian sources agree on the destruction of the northern kingdom.", "normalizedLabel": "biblical and assyrian sources agree on the destruction of the northern kingdom", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Biblical and Assyrian sources agree on the destruction of the northern kingdom.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "samaria-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "f5f003ab", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=samaria-falls-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asamaria-falls-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:samaria-falls-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "samaria-falls-objection-1", "label": "The deportation was extensive but not necessarily total.", "normalizedLabel": "the deportation was extensive but not necessarily total", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The deportation was extensive but not necessarily total.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "samaria-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2b58aa53", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=samaria-falls-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asamaria-falls-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:samaria-falls-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "samaria-falls-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "samaria-falls" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "db9396b3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=samaria-falls-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asamaria-falls-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hezekiah-tunnel-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel-summary", "label": "Jerusalem’s water systems and inscriptions illuminate preparations for Assyrian invasion and the administrative world of Hezekiah.", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem s water systems and inscriptions illuminate preparations for assyrian invasion and the administrative world of hezekiah", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Jerusalem’s water systems and inscriptions illuminate preparations for Assyrian invasion and the administrative world of Hezekiah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 20:20; 2 Chronicles 32:30" ], "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "7002c244", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hezekiah-tunnel-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahezekiah-tunnel-summary", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hezekiah-tunnel-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 18–20; 2 Chronicles 32; Isaiah 22 and 36–39.", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 18 20 2 chronicles 32 isaiah 22 and 36 39", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 18–20; 2 Chronicles 32; Isaiah 22 and 36–39.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 20:20; 2 Chronicles 32:30" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "fa754cc5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hezekiah-tunnel-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahezekiah-tunnel-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hezekiah-tunnel-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel-world-track", "label": "Judah fortifies Jerusalem and controls water access as Sennacherib campaigns in the region.", "normalizedLabel": "judah fortifies jerusalem and controls water access as sennacherib campaigns in the region", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Judah fortifies Jerusalem and controls water access as Sennacherib campaigns in the region.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "2ca2319d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hezekiah-tunnel-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahezekiah-tunnel-world-track", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hezekiah-tunnel-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel-evidence-1", "label": "The Siloam Tunnel and associated inscription document engineering activity.", "normalizedLabel": "the siloam tunnel and associated inscription document engineering activity", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Siloam Tunnel and associated inscription document engineering activity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "037649ab", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hezekiah-tunnel-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahezekiah-tunnel-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hezekiah-tunnel-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel-evidence-2", "label": "The Shebna inscription provides elite administrative context.", "normalizedLabel": "the shebna inscription provides elite administrative context", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Shebna inscription provides elite administrative context.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "c41b2185", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hezekiah-tunnel-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahezekiah-tunnel-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hezekiah-tunnel-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel-objection-1", "label": "The precise dating of every construction phase is debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the precise dating of every construction phase is debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The precise dating of every construction phase is debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "9e4fa2df", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hezekiah-tunnel-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahezekiah-tunnel-objection-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hezekiah-tunnel-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel-objection-2", "label": "The Shebna identification is plausible rather than certain.", "normalizedLabel": "the shebna identification is plausible rather than certain", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Shebna identification is plausible rather than certain.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "c6894229", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hezekiah-tunnel-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahezekiah-tunnel-objection-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hezekiah-tunnel-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hezekiah-tunnel" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "bec7bee7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hezekiah-tunnel-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahezekiah-tunnel-objection-3", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sennacherib-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sennacherib-summary", "label": "Assyria devastates Judah, captures Lachish, and threatens Jerusalem during Hezekiah’s reign.", "normalizedLabel": "assyria devastates judah captures lachish and threatens jerusalem during hezekiah s reign", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Assyria devastates Judah, captures Lachish, and threatens Jerusalem during Hezekiah’s reign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 18–19; Isaiah 36–37" ], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "16e5157d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sennacherib-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asennacherib-summary", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sennacherib-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sennacherib-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 18–19; Isaiah 36–37", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 18 19 isaiah 36 37", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 18–19; Isaiah 36–37", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 18–19; Isaiah 36–37" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "bc41683b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sennacherib-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asennacherib-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sennacherib-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sennacherib-world-track", "label": "Sennacherib’s inscriptions boast of trapping Hezekiah but do not claim the capture of Jerusalem.", "normalizedLabel": "sennacherib s inscriptions boast of trapping hezekiah but do not claim the capture of jerusalem", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Sennacherib’s inscriptions boast of trapping Hezekiah but do not claim the capture of Jerusalem.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "abbbb210", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sennacherib-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asennacherib-world-track", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sennacherib-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sennacherib-evidence-1", "label": "Assyrian annals, the Lachish reliefs, and the biblical account describe the same campaign.", "normalizedLabel": "assyrian annals the lachish reliefs and the biblical account describe the same campaign", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Assyrian annals, the Lachish reliefs, and the biblical account describe the same campaign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "72847e8b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sennacherib-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asennacherib-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sennacherib-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sennacherib-objection-1", "label": "The sources interpret the outcome from different ideological perspectives.", "normalizedLabel": "the sources interpret the outcome from different ideological perspectives", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The sources interpret the outcome from different ideological perspectives.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "cb02d82b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sennacherib-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asennacherib-objection-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sennacherib-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sennacherib-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sennacherib" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "896e3e19", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sennacherib-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asennacherib-objection-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:josiah-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "josiah-summary", "label": "Josiah renews covenant worship as Assyrian control weakens.", "normalizedLabel": "josiah renews covenant worship as assyrian control weakens", "aliases": [], "status": "standard-chronology", "summary": "Josiah renews covenant worship as Assyrian control weakens.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 22–23" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "josiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "a245b23d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=josiah-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajosiah-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:josiah-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "josiah-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 22–23", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 22 23", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 22–23", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 22–23" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "josiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "e57b2a7f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=josiah-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajosiah-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:josiah-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "josiah-world-track", "label": "Nineveh falls in 612 BCE; Babylon and Egypt compete for control of the Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "nineveh falls in 612 bce babylon and egypt compete for control of the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Nineveh falls in 612 BCE; Babylon and Egypt compete for control of the Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "josiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "064d16b3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=josiah-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajosiah-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:josiah-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "josiah-evidence-1", "label": "The regional power transition supplies the political background of Josiah’s final years.", "normalizedLabel": "the regional power transition supplies the political background of josiah s final years", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The regional power transition supplies the political background of Josiah’s final years.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "josiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "a471f133", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=josiah-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajosiah-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:josiah-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "josiah-objection-1", "label": "The extent and immediate impact of the reform remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the extent and immediate impact of the reform remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The extent and immediate impact of the reform remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "josiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "b918cae6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=josiah-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajosiah-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:josiah-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "josiah-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "josiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "079b9f52", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=josiah-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajosiah-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:carchemish-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "carchemish-summary", "label": "Nebuchadnezzar destroys Egyptian power in Syria and brings Judah into Babylon’s sphere.", "normalizedLabel": "nebuchadnezzar destroys egyptian power in syria and brings judah into babylon s sphere", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Nebuchadnezzar destroys Egyptian power in Syria and brings Judah into Babylon’s sphere.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Jeremiah 46; 2 Kings 23–24" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "carchemish" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "9e7c5294", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=carchemish-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acarchemish-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:carchemish-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "carchemish-biblical-track", "label": "Jeremiah 46; Daniel 1 in the adopted biblical chronology", "normalizedLabel": "jeremiah 46 daniel 1 in the adopted biblical chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Jeremiah 46; Daniel 1 in the adopted biblical chronology", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Jeremiah 46; 2 Kings 23–24" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "carchemish" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "fc4fc6ba", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=carchemish-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acarchemish-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:carchemish-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "carchemish-world-track", "label": "The Neo-Babylonian Empire replaces Assyria as the dominant power.", "normalizedLabel": "the neo babylonian empire replaces assyria as the dominant power", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The Neo-Babylonian Empire replaces Assyria as the dominant power.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "carchemish" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "e05d0bff", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=carchemish-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acarchemish-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:carchemish-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "carchemish-evidence-1", "label": "Babylonian chronicles and biblical texts preserve the wider conflict.", "normalizedLabel": "babylonian chronicles and biblical texts preserve the wider conflict", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Babylonian chronicles and biblical texts preserve the wider conflict.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "carchemish" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "ba4e36ea", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=carchemish-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acarchemish-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:carchemish-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "carchemish-objection-1", "label": "The dating of Daniel’s first deportation is debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the dating of daniel s first deportation is debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The dating of Daniel’s first deportation is debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "carchemish" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "ff2f7d6b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=carchemish-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acarchemish-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:carchemish-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "carchemish-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "carchemish" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "56e57642", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=carchemish-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acarchemish-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-babylonian-exile-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-babylonian-exile-summary", "label": "The 597 BCE deportation creates the exilic community addressed by Ezekiel and precedes Jerusalem’s final destruction.", "normalizedLabel": "the 597 bce deportation creates the exilic community addressed by ezekiel and precedes jerusalem s final destruction", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The 597 BCE deportation creates the exilic community addressed by Ezekiel and precedes Jerusalem’s final destruction.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 24:8–17; Ezekiel 1:1–3" ], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-babylonian-exile" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "63bad9a2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=first-babylonian-exile-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afirst-babylonian-exile-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-babylonian-exile-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-babylonian-exile-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 24:8–17; Jeremiah 24 and 29; Ezekiel 1:1–3.", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 24 8 17 jeremiah 24 and 29 ezekiel 1 1 3", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 24:8–17; Jeremiah 24 and 29; Ezekiel 1:1–3.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 24:8–17; Ezekiel 1:1–3" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-babylonian-exile" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "69d277dd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=first-babylonian-exile-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afirst-babylonian-exile-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-babylonian-exile-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-babylonian-exile-world-track", "label": "Nebuchadnezzar removes the king, court, soldiers, and skilled workers, installing Zedekiah.", "normalizedLabel": "nebuchadnezzar removes the king court soldiers and skilled workers installing zedekiah", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Nebuchadnezzar removes the king, court, soldiers, and skilled workers, installing Zedekiah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-babylonian-exile" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "5b08f0db", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=first-babylonian-exile-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afirst-babylonian-exile-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-babylonian-exile-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-babylonian-exile-evidence-1", "label": "The Babylonian Chronicle explicitly records the campaign and installation of a new king.", "normalizedLabel": "the babylonian chronicle explicitly records the campaign and installation of a new king", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Babylonian Chronicle explicitly records the campaign and installation of a new king.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-babylonian-exile" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "d79fa469", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=first-babylonian-exile-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afirst-babylonian-exile-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-babylonian-exile-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-babylonian-exile-objection-1", "label": "The scale and social composition of the deportation require synthesis of texts and archaeology.", "normalizedLabel": "the scale and social composition of the deportation require synthesis of texts and archaeology", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The scale and social composition of the deportation require synthesis of texts and archaeology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-babylonian-exile" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "0a99e54b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=first-babylonian-exile-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afirst-babylonian-exile-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-babylonian-exile-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-babylonian-exile-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the neo babylonian and achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-babylonian-exile" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "89cafc0e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=first-babylonian-exile-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afirst-babylonian-exile-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:lachish-letters-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "lachish-letters-summary", "label": "Military ostraca from Lachish preserve the anxious administrative language of Judah’s final days.", "normalizedLabel": "military ostraca from lachish preserve the anxious administrative language of judah s final days", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Military ostraca from Lachish preserve the anxious administrative language of Judah’s final days.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Jeremiah 34:7" ], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "lachish-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "9e4dfa78", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=lachish-letters-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alachish-letters-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:lachish-letters-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "lachish-letters-biblical-track", "label": "Jeremiah 34:7 mentions Lachish and Azekah among the last fortified cities.", "normalizedLabel": "jeremiah 34 7 mentions lachish and azekah among the last fortified cities", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Jeremiah 34:7 mentions Lachish and Azekah among the last fortified cities.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Jeremiah 34:7" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "lachish-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "b49a0efb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=lachish-letters-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alachish-letters-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:lachish-letters-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "lachish-letters-world-track", "label": "Babylonian forces reduce Judah’s remaining strongholds before Jerusalem falls.", "normalizedLabel": "babylonian forces reduce judah s remaining strongholds before jerusalem falls", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Babylonian forces reduce Judah’s remaining strongholds before Jerusalem falls.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "lachish-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "7c2815c6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=lachish-letters-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alachish-letters-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:lachish-letters-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "lachish-letters-evidence-1", "label": "Hebrew ink inscriptions survive on pottery sherds from Lachish.", "normalizedLabel": "hebrew ink inscriptions survive on pottery sherds from lachish", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Hebrew ink inscriptions survive on pottery sherds from Lachish.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "lachish-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "09ec1557", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=lachish-letters-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alachish-letters-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:lachish-letters-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "lachish-letters-objection-1", "label": "Individual letters are fragmentary and their exact military circumstances are reconstructed.", "normalizedLabel": "individual letters are fragmentary and their exact military circumstances are reconstructed", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Individual letters are fragmentary and their exact military circumstances are reconstructed.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "lachish-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f01e20af", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=lachish-letters-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alachish-letters-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:lachish-letters-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "lachish-letters-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the neo babylonian and achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "lachish-letters" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "22779a0a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=lachish-letters-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alachish-letters-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jerusalem-586-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jerusalem-586-summary", "label": "Babylon destroys Jerusalem, ends the Davidic monarchy, and exiles much of Judah’s leadership.", "normalizedLabel": "babylon destroys jerusalem ends the davidic monarchy and exiles much of judah s leadership", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Babylon destroys Jerusalem, ends the Davidic monarchy, and exiles much of Judah’s leadership.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 25; Jeremiah 39 and 52" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-586" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "f12b48be", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jerusalem-586-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajerusalem-586-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jerusalem-586-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jerusalem-586-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 25; Jeremiah 39; Lamentations", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 25 jeremiah 39 lamentations", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 25; Jeremiah 39; Lamentations", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 25; Jeremiah 39 and 52" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-586" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "c6eb087b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jerusalem-586-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajerusalem-586-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jerusalem-586-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jerusalem-586-world-track", "label": "Nebuchadnezzar consolidates Babylonian imperial control over the Levant.", "normalizedLabel": "nebuchadnezzar consolidates babylonian imperial control over the levant", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Nebuchadnezzar consolidates Babylonian imperial control over the Levant.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-586" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "1ef0cfc3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jerusalem-586-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajerusalem-586-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jerusalem-586-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jerusalem-586-evidence-1", "label": "Biblical records, Babylonian chronology, destruction layers, and exile-era evidence converge on the event.", "normalizedLabel": "biblical records babylonian chronology destruction layers and exile era evidence converge on the event", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Biblical records, Babylonian chronology, destruction layers, and exile-era evidence converge on the event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-586" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "43214fd2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jerusalem-586-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajerusalem-586-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jerusalem-586-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jerusalem-586-objection-1", "label": "Some chronologies use 587 BCE rather than 586 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "some chronologies use 587 bce rather than 586 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Some chronologies use 587 BCE rather than 586 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-586" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "98c1320f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jerusalem-586-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajerusalem-586-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:jerusalem-586-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "jerusalem-586-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the iron age ii neo assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Iron Age II / Neo-Assyrian expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "jerusalem-586" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "06860955", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=jerusalem-586-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajerusalem-586-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:gedaliah-aftermath-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "gedaliah-aftermath-summary", "label": "The assassination of Gedaliah and flight to Egypt show that Judah’s collapse continued after Jerusalem’s destruction.", "normalizedLabel": "the assassination of gedaliah and flight to egypt show that judah s collapse continued after jerusalem s destruction", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "The assassination of Gedaliah and flight to Egypt show that Judah’s collapse continued after Jerusalem’s destruction.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 25:22–26; Jeremiah 40–44" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gedaliah-aftermath" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "c7898d77", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gedaliah-aftermath-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agedaliah-aftermath-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:gedaliah-aftermath-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "gedaliah-aftermath-biblical-track", "label": "2 Kings 25:22–26; Jeremiah 40–44.", "normalizedLabel": "2 kings 25 22 26 jeremiah 40 44", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "2 Kings 25:22–26; Jeremiah 40–44.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "2 Kings 25:22–26; Jeremiah 40–44" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "gedaliah-aftermath" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "7db1cdd6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gedaliah-aftermath-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agedaliah-aftermath-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:gedaliah-aftermath-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "gedaliah-aftermath-world-track", "label": "Babylon governs the remnant population from Mizpah while local factions compete for power.", "normalizedLabel": "babylon governs the remnant population from mizpah while local factions compete for power", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Babylon governs the remnant population from Mizpah while local factions compete for power.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gedaliah-aftermath" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "ff0acd2e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gedaliah-aftermath-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agedaliah-aftermath-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:gedaliah-aftermath-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "gedaliah-aftermath-evidence-1", "label": "Archaeology indicates continued occupation at several Benjaminite sites after 586 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "archaeology indicates continued occupation at several benjaminite sites after 586 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Archaeology indicates continued occupation at several Benjaminite sites after 586 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gedaliah-aftermath" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "38101028", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gedaliah-aftermath-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agedaliah-aftermath-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:gedaliah-aftermath-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "gedaliah-aftermath-objection-1", "label": "The exact date of Gedaliah’s assassination and the size of subsequent migrations are uncertain.", "normalizedLabel": "the exact date of gedaliah s assassination and the size of subsequent migrations are uncertain", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The exact date of Gedaliah’s assassination and the size of subsequent migrations are uncertain.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gedaliah-aftermath" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "da23aa95", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gedaliah-aftermath-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agedaliah-aftermath-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:gedaliah-aftermath-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "gedaliah-aftermath-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the neo babylonian and achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gedaliah-aftermath" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "d9e39c25", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gedaliah-aftermath-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agedaliah-aftermath-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:cyrus-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "cyrus-summary", "label": "Persian rule permits Judean exiles to return and rebuild the Temple.", "normalizedLabel": "persian rule permits judean exiles to return and rebuild the temple", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Persian rule permits Judean exiles to return and rebuild the Temple.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Ezra 1; Isaiah 44:28–45:1" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "cyrus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "f110fd42", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=cyrus-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acyrus-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:cyrus-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "cyrus-biblical-track", "label": "Ezra 1; Isaiah 44–45", "normalizedLabel": "ezra 1 isaiah 44 45", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Ezra 1; Isaiah 44–45", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Ezra 1; Isaiah 44:28–45:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "cyrus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "298ad1ec", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=cyrus-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acyrus-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:cyrus-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "cyrus-world-track", "label": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire absorbs Babylon and governs through provincial administration and local institutions.", "normalizedLabel": "the achaemenid persian empire absorbs babylon and governs through provincial administration and local institutions", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire absorbs Babylon and governs through provincial administration and local institutions.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "cyrus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "c36dc84b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=cyrus-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acyrus-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:cyrus-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "cyrus-evidence-1", "label": "Persian imperial practice and biblical tradition agree on restoration policies.", "normalizedLabel": "persian imperial practice and biblical tradition agree on restoration policies", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Persian imperial practice and biblical tradition agree on restoration policies.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "cyrus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "156cdda9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=cyrus-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acyrus-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:cyrus-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "cyrus-objection-1", "label": "The Cyrus Cylinder does not specifically mention Judah.", "normalizedLabel": "the cyrus cylinder does not specifically mention judah", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Cyrus Cylinder does not specifically mention Judah.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "cyrus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "20ef5a57", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=cyrus-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acyrus-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:cyrus-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "cyrus-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the second temple period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "cyrus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "131ac7f5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=cyrus-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acyrus-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zerubbabel-return-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zerubbabel-return-summary", "label": "The first return and altar restoration begin the long reconstruction of Judean communal life.", "normalizedLabel": "the first return and altar restoration begin the long reconstruction of judean communal life", "aliases": [], "status": "biblical-chronology", "summary": "The first return and altar restoration begin the long reconstruction of Judean communal life.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Ezra 1–5; Haggai; Zechariah" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zerubbabel-return" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "098e1f03", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zerubbabel-return-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azerubbabel-return-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zerubbabel-return-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zerubbabel-return-biblical-track", "label": "Ezra 1–5; Haggai; Zechariah 1–8.", "normalizedLabel": "ezra 1 5 haggai zechariah 1 8", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Ezra 1–5; Haggai; Zechariah 1–8.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Ezra 1–5; Haggai; Zechariah" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "zerubbabel-return" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "845e3fa2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zerubbabel-return-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azerubbabel-return-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zerubbabel-return-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zerubbabel-return-world-track", "label": "Persian imperial administration permits local cult restoration while Judah remains a small province.", "normalizedLabel": "persian imperial administration permits local cult restoration while judah remains a small province", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Persian imperial administration permits local cult restoration while Judah remains a small province.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zerubbabel-return" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "35b43732", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zerubbabel-return-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azerubbabel-return-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zerubbabel-return-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zerubbabel-return-evidence-1", "label": "Persian restoration policy provides the broader context.", "normalizedLabel": "persian restoration policy provides the broader context", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Persian restoration policy provides the broader context.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zerubbabel-return" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "9b09d9f0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zerubbabel-return-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azerubbabel-return-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zerubbabel-return-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zerubbabel-return-objection-1", "label": "The relationship among Sheshbazzar, Zerubbabel, and the literary layers of Ezra is debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the relationship among sheshbazzar zerubbabel and the literary layers of ezra is debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The relationship among Sheshbazzar, Zerubbabel, and the literary layers of Ezra is debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zerubbabel-return" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "973f5cda", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zerubbabel-return-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azerubbabel-return-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zerubbabel-return-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zerubbabel-return-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the neo babylonian and achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zerubbabel-return" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "0915722b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zerubbabel-return-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azerubbabel-return-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:second-temple-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "second-temple-summary", "label": "Jerusalem again possesses a functioning Temple, but no independent Davidic king.", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem again possesses a functioning temple but no independent davidic king", "aliases": [], "status": "standard-chronology", "summary": "Jerusalem again possesses a functioning Temple, but no independent Davidic king.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Ezra 5–6" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "second-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "07315ea0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=second-temple-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asecond-temple-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:second-temple-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "second-temple-biblical-track", "label": "Ezra 5–6; Haggai; Zechariah", "normalizedLabel": "ezra 5 6 haggai zechariah", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Ezra 5–6; Haggai; Zechariah", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Ezra 5–6" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "second-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "0bf52f03", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=second-temple-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asecond-temple-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:second-temple-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "second-temple-world-track", "label": "Judah remains a small province within the Persian Empire.", "normalizedLabel": "judah remains a small province within the persian empire", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Judah remains a small province within the Persian Empire.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "second-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "361592b7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=second-temple-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asecond-temple-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:second-temple-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "second-temple-evidence-1", "label": "The biblical chronology aligns the completion with the reign of Darius I.", "normalizedLabel": "the biblical chronology aligns the completion with the reign of darius i", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The biblical chronology aligns the completion with the reign of Darius I.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "second-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "7d56e7c1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=second-temple-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asecond-temple-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:second-temple-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "second-temple-objection-1", "label": "The restored community’s exact size and social composition remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the restored community s exact size and social composition remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The restored community’s exact size and social composition remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "second-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "e3275d6c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=second-temple-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asecond-temple-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:second-temple-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "second-temple-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the second temple period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "second-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "5f49ed51", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=second-temple-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asecond-temple-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ezra-nehemiah-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ezra-nehemiah-summary", "label": "Torah instruction, covenant renewal, and rebuilding Jerusalem’s walls reshape the restored community.", "normalizedLabel": "torah instruction covenant renewal and rebuilding jerusalem s walls reshape the restored community", "aliases": [], "status": "traditional-chronology", "summary": "Torah instruction, covenant renewal, and rebuilding Jerusalem’s walls reshape the restored community.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Ezra 7–10; Nehemiah" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ezra-nehemiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "f1733e49", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ezra-nehemiah-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aezra-nehemiah-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ezra-nehemiah-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ezra-nehemiah-biblical-track", "label": "Ezra 7–10; Nehemiah", "normalizedLabel": "ezra 7 10 nehemiah", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Ezra 7–10; Nehemiah", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Ezra 7–10; Nehemiah" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "ezra-nehemiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "d1027181", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ezra-nehemiah-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aezra-nehemiah-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ezra-nehemiah-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ezra-nehemiah-world-track", "label": "Artaxerxes I rules the Persian Empire.", "normalizedLabel": "artaxerxes i rules the persian empire", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Artaxerxes I rules the Persian Empire.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ezra-nehemiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "bcbc46ce", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ezra-nehemiah-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aezra-nehemiah-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ezra-nehemiah-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ezra-nehemiah-evidence-1", "label": "The books situate their missions within Persian regnal years.", "normalizedLabel": "the books situate their missions within persian regnal years", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The books situate their missions within Persian regnal years.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ezra-nehemiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "83b2b1ee", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ezra-nehemiah-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aezra-nehemiah-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ezra-nehemiah-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ezra-nehemiah-objection-1", "label": "The relative order and precise dates of Ezra and Nehemiah remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the relative order and precise dates of ezra and nehemiah remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The relative order and precise dates of Ezra and Nehemiah remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ezra-nehemiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "c58facbe", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ezra-nehemiah-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aezra-nehemiah-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ezra-nehemiah-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ezra-nehemiah-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the second temple period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ezra-nehemiah" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "fa4dfccc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ezra-nehemiah-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aezra-nehemiah-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:elephantine-community-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "elephantine-community-summary", "label": "Aramaic papyri reveal a Judean military community in Egypt with its own temple and complex religious practices.", "normalizedLabel": "aramaic papyri reveal a judean military community in egypt with its own temple and complex religious practices", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Aramaic papyri reveal a Judean military community in Egypt with its own temple and complex religious practices.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Diaspora comparison; no direct canonical narrative" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-elephantine", "asor-elephantine" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "elephantine-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "ecc0e62c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=elephantine-community-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aelephantine-community-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:elephantine-community-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "elephantine-community-biblical-track", "label": "The community is not narrated in the canonical Bible; its letters illuminate diaspora Judaism during the Persian period.", "normalizedLabel": "the community is not narrated in the canonical bible its letters illuminate diaspora judaism during the persian period", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "The community is not narrated in the canonical Bible; its letters illuminate diaspora Judaism during the Persian period.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Diaspora comparison; no direct canonical narrative" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "elephantine-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "351e5df7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=elephantine-community-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aelephantine-community-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:elephantine-community-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "elephantine-community-world-track", "label": "Elephantine guards Egypt’s southern frontier under Achaemenid rule.", "normalizedLabel": "elephantine guards egypt s southern frontier under achaemenid rule", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Elephantine guards Egypt’s southern frontier under Achaemenid rule.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-elephantine", "asor-elephantine" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "elephantine-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "4c98c527", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=elephantine-community-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aelephantine-community-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:elephantine-community-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "elephantine-community-evidence-1", "label": "Fifth-century BCE papyri document families, law, military service, and a temple of YHW.", "normalizedLabel": "fifth century bce papyri document families law military service and a temple of yhw", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Fifth-century BCE papyri document families, law, military service, and a temple of YHW.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-elephantine", "asor-elephantine" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "elephantine-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "170900e9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=elephantine-community-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aelephantine-community-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:elephantine-community-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "elephantine-community-objection-1", "label": "The community’s relationship to Jerusalem’s priesthood and the degree of religious syncretism are debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the community s relationship to jerusalem s priesthood and the degree of religious syncretism are debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The community’s relationship to Jerusalem’s priesthood and the degree of religious syncretism are debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-elephantine", "asor-elephantine" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "elephantine-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "edc3a12c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=elephantine-community-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aelephantine-community-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:elephantine-community-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "elephantine-community-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Achaemenid period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the achaemenid period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Achaemenid period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-elephantine", "asor-elephantine" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "elephantine-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "61c45596", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=elephantine-community-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aelephantine-community-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:alexander-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "alexander-summary", "label": "Judea enters the Hellenistic world, where Greek language and institutions become increasingly influential.", "normalizedLabel": "judea enters the hellenistic world where greek language and institutions become increasingly influential", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Judea enters the Hellenistic world, where Greek language and institutions become increasingly influential.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Daniel 8 and 11 (traditional historical interpretation)" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "alexander" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "8663c68b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=alexander-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aalexander-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:alexander-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "alexander-biblical-track", "label": "Background to the later Second Temple period", "normalizedLabel": "background to the later second temple period", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Background to the later Second Temple period", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Daniel 8 and 11 (traditional historical interpretation)" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "alexander" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "0fb5f918", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=alexander-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aalexander-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:alexander-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "alexander-world-track", "label": "Alexander dismantles Persian power and creates a vast Macedonian empire.", "normalizedLabel": "alexander dismantles persian power and creates a vast macedonian empire", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Alexander dismantles Persian power and creates a vast Macedonian empire.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "alexander" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "fbff74ae", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=alexander-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aalexander-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:alexander-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "alexander-evidence-1", "label": "The conquest is firmly established by classical historical sources.", "normalizedLabel": "the conquest is firmly established by classical historical sources", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The conquest is firmly established by classical historical sources.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "alexander" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "665db0f0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=alexander-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aalexander-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:alexander-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "alexander-objection-1", "label": "Later Jewish legends about Alexander must be distinguished from contemporary evidence.", "normalizedLabel": "later jewish legends about alexander must be distinguished from contemporary evidence", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Later Jewish legends about Alexander must be distinguished from contemporary evidence.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "alexander" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "e5a35f56", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=alexander-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aalexander-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:alexander-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "alexander-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the second temple period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "alexander" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2b193744", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=alexander-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aalexander-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:septuagint-origins-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "septuagint-origins-summary", "label": "Jewish scriptures are translated into Greek, creating the textual world later quoted extensively by New Testament authors.", "normalizedLabel": "jewish scriptures are translated into greek creating the textual world later quoted extensively by new testament authors", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "Jewish scriptures are translated into Greek, creating the textual world later quoted extensively by New Testament authors.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Greek Jewish scripture and later NT quotations" ], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "septuagint-origins" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "233f3155", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=septuagint-origins-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseptuagint-origins-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:septuagint-origins-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "septuagint-origins-biblical-track", "label": "The Letter of Aristeas preserves a legendary account of the Pentateuch’s translation; the New Testament often uses Greek-scripture wording.", "normalizedLabel": "the letter of aristeas preserves a legendary account of the pentateuch s translation the new testament often uses greek scripture wording", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "The Letter of Aristeas preserves a legendary account of the Pentateuch’s translation; the New Testament often uses Greek-scripture wording.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Greek Jewish scripture and later NT quotations" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "septuagint-origins" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "0925081c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=septuagint-origins-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseptuagint-origins-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:septuagint-origins-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "septuagint-origins-world-track", "label": "Greek becomes a major language of administration, education, and diaspora Jewish life.", "normalizedLabel": "greek becomes a major language of administration education and diaspora jewish life", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Greek becomes a major language of administration, education, and diaspora Jewish life.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "septuagint-origins" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "24e37c3d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=septuagint-origins-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseptuagint-origins-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:septuagint-origins-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "septuagint-origins-evidence-1", "label": "The Pentateuch was translated first, with other books following over time.", "normalizedLabel": "the pentateuch was translated first with other books following over time", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Pentateuch was translated first, with other books following over time.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "septuagint-origins" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "318fe1b7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=septuagint-origins-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseptuagint-origins-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:septuagint-origins-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "septuagint-origins-evidence-2", "label": "Greek manuscript traditions preserve important variants.", "normalizedLabel": "greek manuscript traditions preserve important variants", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Greek manuscript traditions preserve important variants.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "septuagint-origins" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "7fdea96d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=septuagint-origins-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseptuagint-origins-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:septuagint-origins-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "septuagint-origins-objection-1", "label": "The Septuagint is not one translation completed at one moment.", "normalizedLabel": "the septuagint is not one translation completed at one moment", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Septuagint is not one translation completed at one moment.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "septuagint-origins" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "fb6013ef", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=septuagint-origins-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseptuagint-origins-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:septuagint-origins-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "septuagint-origins-objection-2", "label": "Later Christian codices do not directly reproduce every earlier Jewish form.", "normalizedLabel": "later christian codices do not directly reproduce every earlier jewish form", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Later Christian codices do not directly reproduce every earlier Jewish form.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "septuagint-origins" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "380e765d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=septuagint-origins-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseptuagint-origins-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:septuagint-origins-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "septuagint-origins-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the hellenistic kingdoms and roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "septuagint-origins" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "79cca67f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=septuagint-origins-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aseptuagint-origins-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-summary", "label": "Judea passes through competing Hellenistic imperial systems that reshape taxation, cities, language, and elite politics.", "normalizedLabel": "judea passes through competing hellenistic imperial systems that reshape taxation cities language and elite politics", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Judea passes through competing Hellenistic imperial systems that reshape taxation, cities, language, and elite politics.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Daniel 7–11" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "e6f46437", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aptolemaic-seleucid-judea-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-biblical-track", "label": "Daniel 7–11 interprets Hellenistic kingdoms apocalyptically; later Jewish histories preserve the crisis context.", "normalizedLabel": "daniel 7 11 interprets hellenistic kingdoms apocalyptically later jewish histories preserve the crisis context", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Daniel 7–11 interprets Hellenistic kingdoms apocalyptically; later Jewish histories preserve the crisis context.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Daniel 7–11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "f6d59112", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aptolemaic-seleucid-judea-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-world-track", "label": "Ptolemaic and Seleucid dynasties compete for Coele-Syria.", "normalizedLabel": "ptolemaic and seleucid dynasties compete for coele syria", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Ptolemaic and Seleucid dynasties compete for Coele-Syria.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "64dcfd22", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aptolemaic-seleucid-judea-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-evidence-1", "label": "Coins, papyri, inscriptions, and literary histories document the political transition.", "normalizedLabel": "coins papyri inscriptions and literary histories document the political transition", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Coins, papyri, inscriptions, and literary histories document the political transition.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "e1f59301", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aptolemaic-seleucid-judea-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-objection-1", "label": "The composition dates and historical references of Daniel remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the composition dates and historical references of daniel remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The composition dates and historical references of Daniel remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "17e26971", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aptolemaic-seleucid-judea-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the hellenistic kingdoms and roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "7ab0164b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aptolemaic-seleucid-judea-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:maccabees-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "maccabees-summary", "label": "Jewish resistance defeats Seleucid efforts to suppress traditional worship and rededicates the Temple.", "normalizedLabel": "jewish resistance defeats seleucid efforts to suppress traditional worship and rededicates the temple", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Jewish resistance defeats Seleucid efforts to suppress traditional worship and rededicates the Temple.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1–2 Maccabees; Daniel 11" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "maccabees" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "dea6bf0f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maccabees-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaccabees-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:maccabees-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "maccabees-biblical-track", "label": "Daniel as interpreted by many readers; 1–2 Maccabees in the broader Jewish canon", "normalizedLabel": "daniel as interpreted by many readers 1 2 maccabees in the broader jewish canon", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Daniel as interpreted by many readers; 1–2 Maccabees in the broader Jewish canon", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1–2 Maccabees; Daniel 11" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "maccabees" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "fb6a5894", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maccabees-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaccabees-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:maccabees-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "maccabees-world-track", "label": "Antiochus IV’s policies provoke revolt and eventually a Hasmonean state.", "normalizedLabel": "antiochus iv s policies provoke revolt and eventually a hasmonean state", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Antiochus IV’s policies provoke revolt and eventually a Hasmonean state.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "maccabees" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "8ba8e6b3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maccabees-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaccabees-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:maccabees-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "maccabees-evidence-1", "label": "1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Josephus, and Seleucid history provide overlapping context.", "normalizedLabel": "1 maccabees 2 maccabees josephus and seleucid history provide overlapping context", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Josephus, and Seleucid history provide overlapping context.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "maccabees" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "29831aa6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maccabees-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaccabees-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:maccabees-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "maccabees-objection-1", "label": "The sources differ in emphasis and theological interpretation.", "normalizedLabel": "the sources differ in emphasis and theological interpretation", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The sources differ in emphasis and theological interpretation.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "maccabees" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2427a02a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maccabees-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaccabees-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:maccabees-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "maccabees-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the second temple period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "maccabees" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f13a6e52", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maccabees-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaccabees-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hasmonean-state-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hasmonean-state-summary", "label": "The revolt develops into an independent Jewish state combining priestly and royal authority.", "normalizedLabel": "the revolt develops into an independent jewish state combining priestly and royal authority", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The revolt develops into an independent Jewish state combining priestly and royal authority.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Maccabees; Josephus" ], "sourceIds": [ "bas-maccabees", "met-seleucid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hasmonean-state" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "1515bc02", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hasmonean-state-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahasmonean-state-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hasmonean-state-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hasmonean-state-biblical-track", "label": "1 Maccabees; Josephus; later rabbinic memory.", "normalizedLabel": "1 maccabees josephus later rabbinic memory", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "1 Maccabees; Josephus; later rabbinic memory.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "1 Maccabees; Josephus" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "hasmonean-state" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "74e77f55", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hasmonean-state-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahasmonean-state-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hasmonean-state-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hasmonean-state-world-track", "label": "Hasmonean rulers expand territory, compel political integration, and face internal dynastic conflict.", "normalizedLabel": "hasmonean rulers expand territory compel political integration and face internal dynastic conflict", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Hasmonean rulers expand territory, compel political integration, and face internal dynastic conflict.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bas-maccabees", "met-seleucid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hasmonean-state" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "ed41dfb6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hasmonean-state-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahasmonean-state-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hasmonean-state-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hasmonean-state-evidence-1", "label": "Coins, fortifications, texts, and regional archaeology document the kingdom.", "normalizedLabel": "coins fortifications texts and regional archaeology document the kingdom", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Coins, fortifications, texts, and regional archaeology document the kingdom.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bas-maccabees", "met-seleucid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hasmonean-state" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "5da8ae4a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hasmonean-state-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahasmonean-state-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hasmonean-state-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hasmonean-state-objection-1", "label": "Assessments differ sharply over forced conversion, legitimacy, and the union of kingship and priesthood.", "normalizedLabel": "assessments differ sharply over forced conversion legitimacy and the union of kingship and priesthood", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Assessments differ sharply over forced conversion, legitimacy, and the union of kingship and priesthood.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bas-maccabees", "met-seleucid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hasmonean-state" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "892ac3e0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hasmonean-state-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahasmonean-state-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hasmonean-state-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hasmonean-state-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the hellenistic kingdoms and roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "bas-maccabees", "met-seleucid" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hasmonean-state" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "a13f0ab6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hasmonean-state-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahasmonean-state-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:dead-sea-scrolls-community-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community-summary", "label": "The scrolls preserve biblical manuscripts, legal texts, apocalyptic writings, prayers, commentaries, and sectarian rules from the world before and during Jesus.", "normalizedLabel": "the scrolls preserve biblical manuscripts legal texts apocalyptic writings prayers commentaries and sectarian rules from the world before and during jesus", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The scrolls preserve biblical manuscripts, legal texts, apocalyptic writings, prayers, commentaries, and sectarian rules from the world before and during Jesus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Second Temple Jewish scriptural interpretation" ], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "3458ef6e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=dead-sea-scrolls-community-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:dead-sea-scrolls-community-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community-biblical-track", "label": "The scrolls illuminate Jewish interpretation and expectation but do not mention Jesus or Christianity directly.", "normalizedLabel": "the scrolls illuminate jewish interpretation and expectation but do not mention jesus or christianity directly", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "The scrolls illuminate Jewish interpretation and expectation but do not mention Jesus or Christianity directly.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Second Temple Jewish scriptural interpretation" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "9f6eb6eb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=dead-sea-scrolls-community-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:dead-sea-scrolls-community-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community-world-track", "label": "Jewish groups debate calendar, purity, priesthood, covenant, empire, and the end times.", "normalizedLabel": "jewish groups debate calendar purity priesthood covenant empire and the end times", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Jewish groups debate calendar, purity, priesthood, covenant, empire, and the end times.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "bb0b62cb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=dead-sea-scrolls-community-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:dead-sea-scrolls-community-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community-evidence-1", "label": "The Israel Museum and Israel Antiquities Authority preserve and digitize the manuscripts.", "normalizedLabel": "the israel museum and israel antiquities authority preserve and digitize the manuscripts", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Israel Museum and Israel Antiquities Authority preserve and digitize the manuscripts.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "23509a27", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=dead-sea-scrolls-community-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:dead-sea-scrolls-community-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community-evidence-2", "label": "The Great Isaiah Scroll is one of the best-preserved early biblical manuscripts.", "normalizedLabel": "the great isaiah scroll is one of the best preserved early biblical manuscripts", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Great Isaiah Scroll is one of the best-preserved early biblical manuscripts.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "6e64e456", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=dead-sea-scrolls-community-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-1", "label": "The identity of the Qumran community and relationship between caves and settlement remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the identity of the qumran community and relationship between caves and settlement remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The identity of the Qumran community and relationship between caves and settlement remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "7078996f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-2", "label": "Textual diversity should not be reduced to corruption or chaos.", "normalizedLabel": "textual diversity should not be reduced to corruption or chaos", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Textual diversity should not be reduced to corruption or chaos.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "b01adadb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the hellenistic kingdoms and roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "dead-sea-scrolls-community" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "0fb06af9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=dead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adead-sea-scrolls-community-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:pompey-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "pompey-summary", "label": "Roman intervention ends effective Hasmonean independence.", "normalizedLabel": "roman intervention ends effective hasmonean independence", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Roman intervention ends effective Hasmonean independence.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Josephus; Roman histories" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "pompey" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "9841e154", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=pompey-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Apompey-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:pompey-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "pompey-biblical-track", "label": "Political background to the New Testament", "normalizedLabel": "political background to the new testament", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Political background to the New Testament", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Josephus; Roman histories" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "pompey" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "63f00c05", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=pompey-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Apompey-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:pompey-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "pompey-world-track", "label": "Rome absorbs the eastern Mediterranean into its imperial system.", "normalizedLabel": "rome absorbs the eastern mediterranean into its imperial system", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Rome absorbs the eastern Mediterranean into its imperial system.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "pompey" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "1e761cd4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=pompey-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Apompey-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:pompey-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "pompey-evidence-1", "label": "Roman and Jewish historical sources document Pompey’s intervention.", "normalizedLabel": "roman and jewish historical sources document pompey s intervention", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Roman and Jewish historical sources document Pompey’s intervention.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "pompey" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "c24c8937", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=pompey-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Apompey-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:pompey-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "pompey-objection-1", "label": "Judea’s status changes in stages rather than becoming a standard province immediately.", "normalizedLabel": "judea s status changes in stages rather than becoming a standard province immediately", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Judea’s status changes in stages rather than becoming a standard province immediately.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "pompey" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "97641d33", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=pompey-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Apompey-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:pompey-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "pompey-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the second temple period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Second Temple Period context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "pompey" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f70d1d32", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=pompey-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Apompey-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-summary", "label": "Herod rules as Rome’s client king and undertakes massive construction, including expansion of the Jerusalem Temple.", "normalizedLabel": "herod rules as rome s client king and undertakes massive construction including expansion of the jerusalem temple", "aliases": [], "status": "minority-chronology", "summary": "Herod rules as Rome’s client king and undertakes massive construction, including expansion of the Jerusalem Temple.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Matthew 2; Luke 1; Josephus" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "323bbcc6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-summary", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-biblical-track", "label": "Matthew 2; Luke 1", "normalizedLabel": "matthew 2 luke 1", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Matthew 2; Luke 1", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Matthew 2; Luke 1; Josephus" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "776184e0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-world-track", "label": "Augustus consolidates Roman rule while Herod manages Judea through diplomacy, building, and violence.", "normalizedLabel": "augustus consolidates roman rule while herod manages judea through diplomacy building and violence", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Augustus consolidates Roman rule while Herod manages Judea through diplomacy, building, and violence.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "3d474ecd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-world-track", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-evidence-1", "label": "Matthew requires Herod to be alive after Jesus’ birth.", "normalizedLabel": "matthew requires herod to be alive after jesus birth", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Matthew requires Herod to be alive after Jesus’ birth.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "64196f78", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-evidence-2", "label": "The minority chronology interprets Josephus and eclipse evidence as allowing a death in 1 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the minority chronology interprets josephus and eclipse evidence as allowing a death in 1 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The minority chronology interprets Josephus and eclipse evidence as allowing a death in 1 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "6b145c2f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-objection-1", "label": "The dominant scholarly chronology dates Herod’s death to 4 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the dominant scholarly chronology dates herod s death to 4 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The dominant scholarly chronology dates Herod’s death to 4 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "ce4413b6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-objection-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-objection-2", "label": "The regnal and eclipse evidence is heavily debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the regnal and eclipse evidence is heavily debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The regnal and eclipse evidence is heavily debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "92e419d7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-objection-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the life of jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f3dff607", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-objection-3", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-temple-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-temple-summary", "label": "Herod’s monumental temple project creates the physical and political center of the Gospel narratives.", "normalizedLabel": "herod s monumental temple project creates the physical and political center of the gospel narratives", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "Herod’s monumental temple project creates the physical and political center of the Gospel narratives.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "John 2:20; Gospel temple narratives" ], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "75b61082", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-temple-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-temple-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-temple-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-temple-biblical-track", "label": "John 2:20; the Synoptic temple narratives; Josephus.", "normalizedLabel": "john 2 20 the synoptic temple narratives josephus", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "John 2:20; the Synoptic temple narratives; Josephus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "John 2:20; Gospel temple narratives" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "5da7be4e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-temple-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-temple-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-temple-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-temple-world-track", "label": "Herod combines Roman architectural ambition with Jewish sacred tradition and royal legitimacy.", "normalizedLabel": "herod combines roman architectural ambition with jewish sacred tradition and royal legitimacy", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Herod combines Roman architectural ambition with Jewish sacred tradition and royal legitimacy.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "10146b18", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-temple-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-temple-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-temple-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-temple-evidence-1", "label": "Josephus and archaeology document a massive platform, retaining walls, courts, and associated urban works.", "normalizedLabel": "josephus and archaeology document a massive platform retaining walls courts and associated urban works", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Josephus and archaeology document a massive platform, retaining walls, courts, and associated urban works.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "056726c2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-temple-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-temple-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-temple-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-temple-objection-1", "label": "Construction continued for decades.", "normalizedLabel": "construction continued for decades", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Construction continued for decades.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "08949aea", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-temple-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-temple-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-temple-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-temple-objection-2", "label": "The surviving Western Wall is part of the platform retaining system, not a wall of the sanctuary itself.", "normalizedLabel": "the surviving western wall is part of the platform retaining system not a wall of the sanctuary itself", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The surviving Western Wall is part of the platform retaining system, not a wall of the sanctuary itself.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "a4e693a8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-temple-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-temple-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-temple-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-temple-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the hellenistic kingdoms and roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-temple" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "31b92d1e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-temple-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-temple-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:augustus-principate-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "augustus-principate-summary", "label": "Augustus’s settlement of Roman power creates the imperial political framework of Jesus’s birth.", "normalizedLabel": "augustus s settlement of roman power creates the imperial political framework of jesus s birth", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Augustus’s settlement of Roman power creates the imperial political framework of Jesus’s birth.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Luke 2:1" ], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "augustus-principate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "753072ca", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=augustus-principate-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aaugustus-principate-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:augustus-principate-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "augustus-principate-biblical-track", "label": "Luke 2:1 names Caesar Augustus; New Testament chronology must be located within Roman provincial administration.", "normalizedLabel": "luke 2 1 names caesar augustus new testament chronology must be located within roman provincial administration", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Luke 2:1 names Caesar Augustus; New Testament chronology must be located within Roman provincial administration.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Luke 2:1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "augustus-principate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "7f9e825a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=augustus-principate-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aaugustus-principate-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:augustus-principate-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "augustus-principate-world-track", "label": "The Roman Republic becomes an imperial monarchy in practice while retaining republican titles.", "normalizedLabel": "the roman republic becomes an imperial monarchy in practice while retaining republican titles", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The Roman Republic becomes an imperial monarchy in practice while retaining republican titles.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "augustus-principate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "0306d563", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=augustus-principate-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aaugustus-principate-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:augustus-principate-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "augustus-principate-evidence-1", "label": "Coins, inscriptions, histories, and administrative records richly document the reign.", "normalizedLabel": "coins inscriptions histories and administrative records richly document the reign", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Coins, inscriptions, histories, and administrative records richly document the reign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "augustus-principate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "818053f5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=augustus-principate-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aaugustus-principate-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:augustus-principate-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "augustus-principate-objection-1", "label": "Roman propaganda emphasizes peace while conquest, taxation, and civil-war memory remain central.", "normalizedLabel": "roman propaganda emphasizes peace while conquest taxation and civil war memory remain central", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Roman propaganda emphasizes peace while conquest, taxation, and civil-war memory remain central.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "augustus-principate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "39aa2232", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=augustus-principate-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aaugustus-principate-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:augustus-principate-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "augustus-principate-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the hellenistic kingdoms and roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "augustus-principate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "18e95403", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=augustus-principate-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aaugustus-principate-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-summary", "label": "This project adopts September 11, 3 BCE—approximately Tishri 1/Yom Teruah—as the birth date of Jesus.", "normalizedLabel": "this project adopts september 11 3 bce approximately tishri 1 yom teruah as the birth date of jesus", "aliases": [], "status": "reasoned-minority", "summary": "This project adopts September 11, 3 BCE—approximately Tishri 1/Yom Teruah—as the birth date of Jesus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Matthew 1–2; Luke 1–2; Revelation 12 in the adopted model" ], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "5765755a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-summary", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-biblical-track", "label": "Matthew 1–2; Luke 1–2; Revelation 12 in the adopted interpretation", "normalizedLabel": "matthew 1 2 luke 1 2 revelation 12 in the adopted interpretation", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Matthew 1–2; Luke 1–2; Revelation 12 in the adopted interpretation", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Matthew 1–2; Luke 1–2; Revelation 12 in the adopted model" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "cd155ec7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-world-track", "label": "Augustus rules Rome; Herod governs Judea as a client king.", "normalizedLabel": "augustus rules rome herod governs judea as a client king", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Augustus rules Rome; Herod governs Judea as a client king.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "c8ef9bf7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-world-track", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-evidence-1", "label": "The Revelation 12 celestial imagery is correlated with the Sun, Moon, and Virgo.", "normalizedLabel": "the revelation 12 celestial imagery is correlated with the sun moon and virgo", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Revelation 12 celestial imagery is correlated with the Sun, Moon, and Virgo.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "1a6808a6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-evidence-2", "label": "The date is associated with Tishri 1 and royal/trumpet symbolism.", "normalizedLabel": "the date is associated with tishri 1 and royal trumpet symbolism", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The date is associated with Tishri 1 and royal/trumpet symbolism.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "108ac2c1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-evidence-3", "label": "The 3–2 BCE Jupiter–Regulus sequence is interpreted as a royal sign.", "normalizedLabel": "the 3 2 bce jupiter regulus sequence is interpreted as a royal sign", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The 3–2 BCE Jupiter–Regulus sequence is interpreted as a royal sign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "2dfa18d4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-evidence-4", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-evidence-4", "label": "A 3 BCE birth fits Jesus being 'about thirty' around 28–29 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "a 3 bce birth fits jesus being about thirty around 28 29 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "A 3 BCE birth fits Jesus being 'about thirty' around 28–29 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "d1a9c80b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-evidence-4#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-evidence-4", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-objection-1", "label": "Revelation 12 may be symbolic rather than calendrical.", "normalizedLabel": "revelation 12 may be symbolic rather than calendrical", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Revelation 12 may be symbolic rather than calendrical.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "4300759e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-objection-1", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-objection-2", "label": "The sky configuration is not uniquely self-interpreting.", "normalizedLabel": "the sky configuration is not uniquely self interpreting", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The sky configuration is not uniquely self-interpreting.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "375d704b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-objection-2", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-objection-3", "label": "The model requires the minority 1 BCE date for Herod’s death.", "normalizedLabel": "the model requires the minority 1 bce date for herod s death", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The model requires the minority 1 BCE date for Herod’s death.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "02fe7319", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-objection-3", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-objection-4", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-objection-4", "label": "No first-century source explicitly gives the birthday.", "normalizedLabel": "no first century source explicitly gives the birthday", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No first-century source explicitly gives the birthday.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "68989fc1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-objection-4#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-objection-4", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:birth-jesus-objection-5", "type": "event-claim", "id": "birth-jesus-objection-5", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the life of jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "8e72eb92", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=birth-jesus-objection-5#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abirth-jesus-objection-5", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-rev12-astronomy", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-rev12-astronomy", "label": "Revelation 12 is interpreted as containing a celestial layer corresponding to the Sun, Moon, and Virgo in September 3 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "revelation 12 is interpreted as containing a celestial layer corresponding to the sun moon and virgo in september 3 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "interpretive", "summary": "Revelation 12 is interpreted as containing a celestial layer corresponding to the Sun, Moon, and Virgo in September 3 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-inference", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The passage’s messianic symbolism is clear; its use as a calendrical sky map is disputed." }, "fingerprint": "76f32c6b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-rev12-astronomy#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-rev12-astronomy", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-rev12-recurrence", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-rev12-recurrence", "label": "Sun–Virgo–Moon configurations recur, so astronomical correspondence alone cannot uniquely identify Jesus’ birthday.", "normalizedLabel": "sun virgo moon configurations recur so astronomical correspondence alone cannot uniquely identify jesus birthday", "aliases": [], "status": "major", "summary": "Sun–Virgo–Moon configurations recur, so astronomical correspondence alone cannot uniquely identify Jesus’ birthday.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "birth-jesus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The project therefore relies on the combined chronological and symbolic sequence, not the Virgo configuration alone." }, "fingerprint": "25eeccf5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-rev12-recurrence#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-rev12-recurrence", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:magi-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "magi-summary", "label": "The Magi interpret royal celestial signs, travel to Judea, and visit Jesus after his birth.", "normalizedLabel": "the magi interpret royal celestial signs travel to judea and visit jesus after his birth", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "The Magi interpret royal celestial signs, travel to Judea, and visit Jesus after his birth.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:1–12" ], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "magi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "1a137c6b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=magi-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amagi-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:magi-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "magi-biblical-track", "label": "Matthew 2:1–12", "normalizedLabel": "matthew 2 1 12", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Matthew 2:1–12", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:1–12" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "magi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "41bfdbac", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=magi-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amagi-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:magi-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "magi-world-track", "label": "Ancient court specialists combine astronomy, astrology, diplomacy, and royal omen interpretation.", "normalizedLabel": "ancient court specialists combine astronomy astrology diplomacy and royal omen interpretation", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Ancient court specialists combine astronomy, astrology, diplomacy, and royal omen interpretation.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "magi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "5cb249f8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=magi-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amagi-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:magi-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "magi-evidence-1", "label": "Matthew describes a house and a young child rather than necessarily the night of the birth.", "normalizedLabel": "matthew describes a house and a young child rather than necessarily the night of the birth", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Matthew describes a house and a young child rather than necessarily the night of the birth.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "magi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "1fdaa6a0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=magi-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amagi-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:magi-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "magi-evidence-2", "label": "Herod’s two-year age range allows an interval after the first appearance of the sign.", "normalizedLabel": "herod s two year age range allows an interval after the first appearance of the sign", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Herod’s two-year age range allows an interval after the first appearance of the sign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "magi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "49e514e0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=magi-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amagi-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:magi-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "magi-objection-1", "label": "Matthew does not identify the astronomical phenomenon in modern technical terms.", "normalizedLabel": "matthew does not identify the astronomical phenomenon in modern technical terms", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Matthew does not identify the astronomical phenomenon in modern technical terms.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "magi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f61b9c02", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=magi-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amagi-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:magi-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "magi-objection-2", "label": "The exact arrival date cannot be determined.", "normalizedLabel": "the exact arrival date cannot be determined", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The exact arrival date cannot be determined.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "magi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2e9fe3d8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=magi-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amagi-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:magi-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "magi-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the life of jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "magi" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "82aea140", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=magi-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amagi-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-death-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-death-summary", "label": "Joseph returns from Egypt after Herod’s death but settles in Galilee because Archelaus rules Judea.", "normalizedLabel": "joseph returns from egypt after herod s death but settles in galilee because archelaus rules judea", "aliases": [], "status": "minority-chronology", "summary": "Joseph returns from Egypt after Herod’s death but settles in Galilee because Archelaus rules Judea.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:13–23; Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "acd451a9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-death-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-death-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-death-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-death-biblical-track", "label": "Matthew 2:19–23", "normalizedLabel": "matthew 2 19 23", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Matthew 2:19–23", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Matthew 2:13–23; Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "974a33f6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-death-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-death-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-death-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-death-world-track", "label": "Herod’s territory is divided among his heirs under Roman oversight.", "normalizedLabel": "herod s territory is divided among his heirs under roman oversight", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Herod’s territory is divided among his heirs under Roman oversight.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "28975156", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-death-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-death-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-death-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-death-evidence-1", "label": "A 1 BCE death preserves the sequence of a September 3 BCE birth, later Magi visit, flight to Egypt, and return.", "normalizedLabel": "a 1 bce death preserves the sequence of a september 3 bce birth later magi visit flight to egypt and return", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "A 1 BCE death preserves the sequence of a September 3 BCE birth, later Magi visit, flight to Egypt, and return.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "8be9f7e9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-death-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-death-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-death-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-death-objection-1", "label": "Most historians place Herod’s death in 4 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "most historians place herod s death in 4 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Most historians place Herod’s death in 4 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "ae2c0178", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-death-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-death-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:herod-death-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "herod-death-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the life of jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "b06dfe99", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=herod-death-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aherod-death-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-herod-eclipse", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-herod-eclipse", "label": "Josephus places a lunar eclipse before Herod’s final illness and death, with Passover later in the narrative.", "normalizedLabel": "josephus places a lunar eclipse before herod s final illness and death with passover later in the narrative", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Josephus places a lunar eclipse before Herod’s final illness and death, with Passover later in the narrative.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "josephus-eclipse-passage" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "primary-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Josephus supplies the sequence, not a numbered BCE date." }, "fingerprint": "e5108dcd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-herod-eclipse#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-herod-eclipse", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:legacy-herod-1bce", "type": "event-claim", "id": "legacy-herod-1bce", "label": "This project adopts a 1 BCE death for Herod to preserve the September 3 BCE birth chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "this project adopts a 1 bce death for herod to preserve the september 3 bce birth chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "minority", "summary": "This project adopts a 1 BCE death for Herod to preserve the September 3 BCE birth chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "josephus-ant17" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "herod-death" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-conclusion", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Most modern historical chronologies continue to use 4 BCE." }, "fingerprint": "44d6cb38", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=legacy-herod-1bce#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Alegacy-herod-1bce", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:quirinius-census-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "quirinius-census-summary", "label": "The securely dated census of 6 CE is a central historical problem for interpreting Luke’s birth chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "the securely dated census of 6 ce is a central historical problem for interpreting luke s birth chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-and-problematic", "summary": "The securely dated census of 6 CE is a central historical problem for interpreting Luke’s birth chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Luke 2:1–5; Acts 5:37" ], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "quirinius-census" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "965d8cf5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=quirinius-census-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aquirinius-census-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:quirinius-census-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "quirinius-census-biblical-track", "label": "Luke 2:1–5; Acts 5:37; Josephus.", "normalizedLabel": "luke 2 1 5 acts 5 37 josephus", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Luke 2:1–5; Acts 5:37; Josephus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Luke 2:1–5; Acts 5:37" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "quirinius-census" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "ab5a3e3f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=quirinius-census-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aquirinius-census-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:quirinius-census-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "quirinius-census-world-track", "label": "After Archelaus is removed, Judea becomes a Roman province and Quirinius oversees a registration provoking resistance.", "normalizedLabel": "after archelaus is removed judea becomes a roman province and quirinius oversees a registration provoking resistance", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "After Archelaus is removed, Judea becomes a Roman province and Quirinius oversees a registration provoking resistance.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "quirinius-census" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "c03c2faf", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=quirinius-census-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aquirinius-census-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:quirinius-census-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "quirinius-census-evidence-1", "label": "Josephus and Roman provincial chronology establish the 6 CE census.", "normalizedLabel": "josephus and roman provincial chronology establish the 6 ce census", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Josephus and Roman provincial chronology establish the 6 CE census.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "quirinius-census" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "5a7c0395", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=quirinius-census-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aquirinius-census-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:quirinius-census-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "quirinius-census-objection-1", "label": "Reconciling this census with a birth before Herod’s death is difficult.", "normalizedLabel": "reconciling this census with a birth before herod s death is difficult", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Reconciling this census with a birth before Herod’s death is difficult.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "quirinius-census" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "65daed2a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=quirinius-census-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aquirinius-census-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:quirinius-census-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "quirinius-census-objection-2", "label": "Proposed earlier governorships or translations of Luke remain disputed.", "normalizedLabel": "proposed earlier governorships or translations of luke remain disputed", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Proposed earlier governorships or translations of Luke remain disputed.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "quirinius-census" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "d92399f1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=quirinius-census-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aquirinius-census-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:quirinius-census-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "quirinius-census-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the hellenistic kingdoms and roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Hellenistic kingdoms and Roman expansion context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "quirinius-census" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "fed60b43", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=quirinius-census-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aquirinius-census-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiberius-pilate-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiberius-pilate-summary", "label": "The ministries of John and Jesus occur under Tiberius and the prefecture of Pontius Pilate.", "normalizedLabel": "the ministries of john and jesus occur under tiberius and the prefecture of pontius pilate", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "The ministries of John and Jesus occur under Tiberius and the prefecture of Pontius Pilate.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Luke 3:1–2; Passion narratives" ], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiberius-pilate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "96d614b2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiberius-pilate-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiberius-pilate-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiberius-pilate-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiberius-pilate-biblical-track", "label": "Luke 3:1–2; all four Passion narratives.", "normalizedLabel": "luke 3 1 2 all four passion narratives", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Luke 3:1–2; all four Passion narratives.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Luke 3:1–2; Passion narratives" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiberius-pilate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "622ba24c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiberius-pilate-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiberius-pilate-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiberius-pilate-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiberius-pilate-world-track", "label": "Pilate governs Judea from 26 to 36 CE under the Syrian legate and Roman imperial system.", "normalizedLabel": "pilate governs judea from 26 to 36 ce under the syrian legate and roman imperial system", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Pilate governs Judea from 26 to 36 CE under the Syrian legate and Roman imperial system.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiberius-pilate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "60b4f1fc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiberius-pilate-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiberius-pilate-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiberius-pilate-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiberius-pilate-evidence-1", "label": "Josephus, Philo, Tacitus, coins, and the Pilate inscription externally anchor Pilate.", "normalizedLabel": "josephus philo tacitus coins and the pilate inscription externally anchor pilate", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Josephus, Philo, Tacitus, coins, and the Pilate inscription externally anchor Pilate.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiberius-pilate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "f76480f0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiberius-pilate-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiberius-pilate-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiberius-pilate-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiberius-pilate-objection-1", "label": "Ancient accounts are shaped by different rhetorical aims.", "normalizedLabel": "ancient accounts are shaped by different rhetorical aims", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Ancient accounts are shaped by different rhetorical aims.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiberius-pilate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f44273e4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiberius-pilate-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiberius-pilate-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiberius-pilate-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiberius-pilate-objection-2", "label": "The exact sequence of every incident in Pilate’s tenure remains debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the exact sequence of every incident in pilate s tenure remains debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The exact sequence of every incident in Pilate’s tenure remains debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiberius-pilate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "d360f615", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiberius-pilate-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiberius-pilate-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:tiberius-pilate-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "tiberius-pilate-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Augustan and Tiberian Roman Empire context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the augustan and tiberian roman empire context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Augustan and Tiberian Roman Empire context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "tiberius-pilate" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "a9c2e4ca", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=tiberius-pilate-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Atiberius-pilate-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:john-baptist-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "john-baptist-summary", "label": "John announces judgment, calls Israel to repentance, baptizes in the Jordan, and inaugurates the public setting of Jesus’s ministry.", "normalizedLabel": "john announces judgment calls israel to repentance baptizes in the jordan and inaugurates the public setting of jesus s ministry", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-supported", "summary": "John announces judgment, calls Israel to repentance, baptizes in the Jordan, and inaugurates the public setting of Jesus’s ministry.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Mark 1; Matthew 3; Luke 3; John 1" ], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "ce5416a2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=john-baptist-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajohn-baptist-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:john-baptist-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "john-baptist-biblical-track", "label": "Mark 1; Matthew 3; Luke 3; John 1; Josephus, Antiquities 18.", "normalizedLabel": "mark 1 matthew 3 luke 3 john 1 josephus antiquities 18", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Mark 1; Matthew 3; Luke 3; John 1; Josephus, Antiquities 18.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Mark 1; Matthew 3; Luke 3; John 1" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "c347e301", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=john-baptist-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajohn-baptist-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:john-baptist-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "john-baptist-world-track", "label": "Prophetic renewal movements arise under Roman and Herodian rule.", "normalizedLabel": "prophetic renewal movements arise under roman and herodian rule", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Prophetic renewal movements arise under Roman and Herodian rule.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "bba4f7b8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=john-baptist-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajohn-baptist-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:john-baptist-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "john-baptist-evidence-1", "label": "Josephus independently describes John as a moral teacher who practiced baptism and was executed by Herod Antipas.", "normalizedLabel": "josephus independently describes john as a moral teacher who practiced baptism and was executed by herod antipas", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Josephus independently describes John as a moral teacher who practiced baptism and was executed by Herod Antipas.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "675236b4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=john-baptist-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajohn-baptist-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:john-baptist-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "john-baptist-objection-1", "label": "The Gospels and Josephus emphasize different motives for John’s execution.", "normalizedLabel": "the gospels and josephus emphasize different motives for john s execution", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Gospels and Josephus emphasize different motives for John’s execution.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "04afb127", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=john-baptist-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajohn-baptist-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:john-baptist-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "john-baptist-objection-2", "label": "The precise date and duration of his ministry are reconstructed.", "normalizedLabel": "the precise date and duration of his ministry are reconstructed", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The precise date and duration of his ministry are reconstructed.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "2ef9b232", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=john-baptist-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajohn-baptist-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:john-baptist-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "john-baptist-objection-3", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Augustan and Tiberian Roman Empire context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the augustan and tiberian roman empire context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Augustan and Tiberian Roman Empire context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "john-baptist" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "3b5ddd44", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=john-baptist-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ajohn-baptist-objection-3", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ministry-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ministry-summary", "label": "Jesus announces the kingdom of God, gathers twelve disciples, teaches, heals, and confronts religious and political authorities.", "normalizedLabel": "jesus announces the kingdom of god gathers twelve disciples teaches heals and confronts religious and political authorities", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-anchored", "summary": "Jesus announces the kingdom of God, gathers twelve disciples, teaches, heals, and confronts religious and political authorities.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Synoptic Gospels and John" ], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "968a9542", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ministry-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aministry-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ministry-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ministry-biblical-track", "label": "The four Gospels; especially Luke 3:1–23 for chronological anchors", "normalizedLabel": "the four gospels especially luke 3 1 23 for chronological anchors", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "The four Gospels; especially Luke 3:1–23 for chronological anchors", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Synoptic Gospels and John" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "13272367", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ministry-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aministry-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ministry-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ministry-world-track", "label": "Tiberius is emperor; Pontius Pilate governs Judea; Herod Antipas rules Galilee; Caiaphas serves as high priest.", "normalizedLabel": "tiberius is emperor pontius pilate governs judea herod antipas rules galilee caiaphas serves as high priest", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Tiberius is emperor; Pontius Pilate governs Judea; Herod Antipas rules Galilee; Caiaphas serves as high priest.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "4d161364", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ministry-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aministry-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ministry-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ministry-evidence-1", "label": "Luke supplies identifiable rulers and says Jesus was about thirty.", "normalizedLabel": "luke supplies identifiable rulers and says jesus was about thirty", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Luke supplies identifiable rulers and says Jesus was about thirty.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "bd1bea87", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ministry-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aministry-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ministry-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ministry-evidence-2", "label": "A 3 BCE birth places Jesus around thirty in 28–29 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "a 3 bce birth places jesus around thirty in 28 29 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "A 3 BCE birth places Jesus around thirty in 28–29 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "245eebf8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ministry-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aministry-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ministry-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ministry-objection-1", "label": "The exact start year depends on how Tiberius’ fifteenth year is counted.", "normalizedLabel": "the exact start year depends on how tiberius fifteenth year is counted", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The exact start year depends on how Tiberius’ fifteenth year is counted.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "6f13df52", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ministry-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aministry-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ministry-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ministry-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the life of jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ministry" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "f603a155", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ministry-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aministry-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:crucifixion-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "crucifixion-summary", "label": "Jesus is crucified under Pontius Pilate during Passover and proclaimed risen by his followers.", "normalizedLabel": "jesus is crucified under pontius pilate during passover and proclaimed risen by his followers", "aliases": [], "status": "two-major-options", "summary": "Jesus is crucified under Pontius Pilate during Passover and proclaimed risen by his followers.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Passion and resurrection narratives; 1 Corinthians 15:3–8" ], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Inspect the evidence and objections below before treating it as a direct historical statement." }, "fingerprint": "17b80fa6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=crucifixion-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acrucifixion-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:crucifixion-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "crucifixion-biblical-track", "label": "Matthew 26–28; Mark 14–16; Luke 22–24; John 18–21", "normalizedLabel": "matthew 26 28 mark 14 16 luke 22 24 john 18 21", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Matthew 26–28; Mark 14–16; Luke 22–24; John 18–21", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Passion and resurrection narratives; 1 Corinthians 15:3–8" ], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This reports what the biblical text or canonical tradition presents; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "a63a0e2c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=crucifixion-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acrucifixion-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:crucifixion-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "crucifixion-world-track", "label": "Roman execution, Jerusalem’s Passover crowds, and Temple leadership form the immediate historical setting.", "normalizedLabel": "roman execution jerusalem s passover crowds and temple leadership form the immediate historical setting", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Roman execution, Jerusalem’s Passover crowds, and Temple leadership form the immediate historical setting.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "739b153d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=crucifixion-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acrucifixion-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:crucifixion-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "crucifixion-evidence-1", "label": "Both 30 and 33 CE are widely discussed astronomical-calendar candidates.", "normalizedLabel": "both 30 and 33 ce are widely discussed astronomical calendar candidates", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Both 30 and 33 CE are widely discussed astronomical-calendar candidates.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "e8ec3ba7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=crucifixion-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acrucifixion-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:crucifixion-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "crucifixion-evidence-2", "label": "30 CE gives the tighter fit with a ministry beginning around 28 CE in this reconstruction.", "normalizedLabel": "30 ce gives the tighter fit with a ministry beginning around 28 ce in this reconstruction", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "30 CE gives the tighter fit with a ministry beginning around 28 CE in this reconstruction.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement generated from the V10 deep dossier and linked to every source used by the event." }, "fingerprint": "a64ba68c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=crucifixion-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acrucifixion-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:crucifixion-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "crucifixion-objection-1", "label": "The Gospel chronology and ancient calendar reconstruction leave room for debate between 30 and 33 CE.", "normalizedLabel": "the gospel chronology and ancient calendar reconstruction leave room for debate between 30 and 33 ce", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Gospel chronology and ancient calendar reconstruction leave room for debate between 30 and 33 CE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "37f59a2e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=crucifixion-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acrucifixion-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:crucifixion-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "crucifixion-objection-2", "label": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "normalizedLabel": "readers should distinguish what the life of jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Readers should distinguish what the Life of Jesus context establishes from what is inferred about this particular biblical event.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crucifixion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Counterargument, evidentiary limitation, or methodological warning." }, "fingerprint": "d4d58b6a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=crucifixion-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Acrucifixion-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sea-peoples-crisis-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sea-peoples-crisis-summary", "label": "Egyptian and Ugaritic records document several maritime and overland coalitions during the eastern Mediterranean crisis. “Sea Peoples” is a modern umbrella term, not the name of one unified nation or a sufficient explanation for the entire collapse.", "normalizedLabel": "egyptian and ugaritic records document several maritime and overland coalitions during the eastern mediterranean crisis sea peoples is a modern umbrella term not the name of one unified nation or a sufficient explanation for the entire collapse", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "Egyptian and Ugaritic records document several maritime and overland coalitions during the eastern Mediterranean crisis. “Sea Peoples” is a modern umbrella term, not the name of one unified nation or a sufficient explanation for the entire collapse.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "ugarit-enemy-ships", "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sea-peoples-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Historical summary distinguishing directly attested coalition warfare from the modern umbrella label." }, "fingerprint": "c995675c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sea-peoples-crisis-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asea-peoples-crisis-summary", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sea-peoples-crisis-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sea-peoples-crisis-world-track", "label": "Merneptah repels a Libyan coalition containing maritime groups around 1208 BCE; Ramesses III records land and naval battles in Year 8, conventionally around 1177 BCE, while Ugaritic correspondence reports enemy ships and regional insecurity.", "normalizedLabel": "merneptah repels a libyan coalition containing maritime groups around 1208 bce ramesses iii records land and naval battles in year 8 conventionally around 1177 bce while ugaritic correspondence reports enemy ships and regional insecurity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Merneptah repels a Libyan coalition containing maritime groups around 1208 BCE; Ramesses III records land and naval battles in Year 8, conventionally around 1177 BCE, while Ugaritic correspondence reports enemy ships and regional insecurity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "ugarit-enemy-ships", "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sea-peoples-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on Egyptian and Ugaritic primary records." }, "fingerprint": "9147f2a6", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sea-peoples-crisis-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asea-peoples-crisis-world-track", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sea-peoples-crisis-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sea-peoples-crisis-evidence-1", "label": "Medinet Habu and the Ugaritic correspondence independently attest warfare and maritime insecurity during the transition.", "normalizedLabel": "medinet habu and the ugaritic correspondence independently attest warfare and maritime insecurity during the transition", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Medinet Habu and the Ugaritic correspondence independently attest warfare and maritime insecurity during the transition.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "ugarit-enemy-ships" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sea-peoples-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Primary-source evidence statement." }, "fingerprint": "62a85d4c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sea-peoples-crisis-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asea-peoples-crisis-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sea-peoples-crisis-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sea-peoples-crisis-objection-1", "label": "The Sea Peoples were not necessarily one unified population, and the regional collapse cannot be assigned to one invasion or synchronized destruction horizon.", "normalizedLabel": "the sea peoples were not necessarily one unified population and the regional collapse cannot be assigned to one invasion or synchronized destruction horizon", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Sea Peoples were not necessarily one unified population, and the regional collapse cannot be assigned to one invasion or synchronized destruction horizon.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sea-peoples-crisis" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Methodological limit grounded in recent collapse scholarship." }, "fingerprint": "dd92935d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sea-peoples-crisis-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asea-peoples-crisis-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-expulsion-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-expulsion-summary", "label": "Ahmose I’s conquest of Avaris ended Hyksos rule. This project proposes that the subjugation of remaining eastern-Delta Asiatic communities began within this dynastic reversal and later developed into Israelite servitude.", "normalizedLabel": "ahmose i s conquest of avaris ended hyksos rule this project proposes that the subjugation of remaining eastern delta asiatic communities began within this dynastic reversal and later developed into israelite servitude", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "Ahmose I’s conquest of Avaris ended Hyksos rule. This project proposes that the subjugation of remaining eastern-Delta Asiatic communities began within this dynastic reversal and later developed into Israelite servitude.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Proposed long-term background for Exodus 1:8–14" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "0a157d89", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-expulsion-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-expulsion-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-expulsion-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-expulsion-biblical-track", "label": "Proposed long-term background for Exodus 1:8–14", "normalizedLabel": "proposed long term background for exodus 1 8 14", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Proposed long-term background for Exodus 1:8–14", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Proposed long-term background for Exodus 1:8–14" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "739c0b3e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-expulsion-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-expulsion-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-expulsion-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-expulsion-world-track", "label": "The new Eighteenth Dynasty dismantles Hyksos power and begins transforming Egypt into an expansionist New Kingdom state.", "normalizedLabel": "the new eighteenth dynasty dismantles hyksos power and begins transforming egypt into an expansionist new kingdom state", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The new Eighteenth Dynasty dismantles Hyksos power and begins transforming Egypt into an expansionist New Kingdom state.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "2538a429", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-expulsion-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-expulsion-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-expulsion-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-expulsion-evidence-1", "label": "Archaeology and Egyptian royal tradition document the conquest of Avaris and the establishment of the Eighteenth Dynasty.", "normalizedLabel": "archaeology and egyptian royal tradition document the conquest of avaris and the establishment of the eighteenth dynasty", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Archaeology and Egyptian royal tradition document the conquest of Avaris and the establishment of the Eighteenth Dynasty.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "0452c855", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-expulsion-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-expulsion-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-expulsion-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-expulsion-evidence-2", "label": "Ahmose son of Abana records fighting at Avaris, its plunder, and captives from the city being assigned as slaves.", "normalizedLabel": "ahmose son of abana records fighting at avaris its plunder and captives from the city being assigned as slaves", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Ahmose son of Abana records fighting at Avaris, its plunder, and captives from the city being assigned as slaves.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "2fd5cdb5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-expulsion-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-expulsion-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-expulsion-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-expulsion-evidence-3", "label": "A dynastic rupture provides a plausible setting for a king who refused to recognize Joseph’s former status or protections.", "normalizedLabel": "a dynastic rupture provides a plausible setting for a king who refused to recognize joseph s former status or protections", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "A dynastic rupture provides a plausible setting for a king who refused to recognize Joseph’s former status or protections.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "b24dc80e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-expulsion-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-expulsion-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-expulsion-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-expulsion-objection-1", "label": "The Ahmose son of Abana inscription does not identify Israelites or document the enslavement of the entire remaining population.", "normalizedLabel": "the ahmose son of abana inscription does not identify israelites or document the enslavement of the entire remaining population", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Ahmose son of Abana inscription does not identify Israelites or document the enslavement of the entire remaining population.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "7f194b92", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-expulsion-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-expulsion-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:hyksos-expulsion-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "hyksos-expulsion-objection-2", "label": "The connection between Joseph and the Hyksos, and between Avaris captives and Israel, remains a project reconstruction.", "normalizedLabel": "the connection between joseph and the hyksos and between avaris captives and israel remains a project reconstruction", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The connection between Joseph and the Hyksos, and between Avaris captives and Israel, remains a project reconstruction.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "ab96b9dc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=hyksos-expulsion-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahyksos-expulsion-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-summary", "label": "The project places the decree against newborn Hebrew boys and Moses’s birth in the aftermath of the Daḫamunzu–Zannanza crisis, probably during Ay’s brief reign.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places the decree against newborn hebrew boys and moses s birth in the aftermath of the dahamunzu zannanza crisis probably during ay s brief reign", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places the decree against newborn Hebrew boys and Moses’s birth in the aftermath of the Daḫamunzu–Zannanza crisis, probably during Ay’s brief reign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1:15–2:10" ], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "d7e9f52c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-biblical-track", "label": "Exodus 1:15–2:10", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 1 15 2 10", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Exodus 1:15–2:10", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1:15–2:10" ], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "3cc2f2c8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-world-track", "label": "Egypt’s succession crisis and renewed conflict with Hatti create a possible security rationale for suspicion toward Asiatic labor communities.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt s succession crisis and renewed conflict with hatti create a possible security rationale for suspicion toward asiatic labor communities", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Egypt’s succession crisis and renewed conflict with Hatti create a possible security rationale for suspicion toward Asiatic labor communities.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "8f55c9f7", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-evidence-1", "label": "Exodus 1:10 explicitly grounds Pharaoh’s fear in the possibility that the Hebrews might join Egypt’s enemies during war.", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 1 10 explicitly grounds pharaoh s fear in the possibility that the hebrews might join egypt s enemies during war", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Exodus 1:10 explicitly grounds Pharaoh’s fear in the possibility that the Hebrews might join Egypt’s enemies during war.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "5066005a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-evidence-2", "label": "Ay’s reign falls immediately after the royal succession crisis described in Hittite sources.", "normalizedLabel": "ay s reign falls immediately after the royal succession crisis described in hittite sources", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Ay’s reign falls immediately after the royal succession crisis described in Hittite sources.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "d8bad739", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-evidence-3", "label": "This placement permits Moses to mature during Horemheb’s longer reign without requiring the forty-year age blocks to be exact chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "this placement permits moses to mature during horemheb s longer reign without requiring the forty year age blocks to be exact chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "This placement permits Moses to mature during Horemheb’s longer reign without requiring the forty-year age blocks to be exact chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "9a5b506c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-objection-1", "label": "No Egyptian or Hittite source records a state decree to kill Hebrew male infants.", "normalizedLabel": "no egyptian or hittite source records a state decree to kill hebrew male infants", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No Egyptian or Hittite source records a state decree to kill Hebrew male infants.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "05a75ec1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-objection-2", "label": "The identification of Ay as the ruler behind the decree is a project hypothesis, not an externally attested fact.", "normalizedLabel": "the identification of ay as the ruler behind the decree is a project hypothesis not an externally attested fact", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The identification of Ay as the ruler behind the decree is a project hypothesis, not an externally attested fact.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "99320b6d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-born-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-born-objection-3", "label": "The model treats the ages of Moses in Exodus, Deuteronomy, and Acts as schematic, traditional, or non-controlling for absolute chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "the model treats the ages of moses in exodus deuteronomy and acts as schematic traditional or non controlling for absolute chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The model treats the ages of Moses in Exodus, Deuteronomy, and Acts as schematic, traditional, or non-controlling for absolute chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "0d99626e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-born-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-born-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-affair-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-affair-summary", "label": "A widowed Egyptian queen requests a Hittite prince as husband. Zannanza dies on the journey, helping turn a succession crisis into renewed Egyptian–Hittite hostility.", "normalizedLabel": "a widowed egyptian queen requests a hittite prince as husband zannanza dies on the journey helping turn a succession crisis into renewed egyptian hittite hostility", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-core", "summary": "A widowed Egyptian queen requests a Hittite prince as husband. Zannanza dies on the journey, helping turn a succession crisis into renewed Egyptian–Hittite hostility.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Proposed political setting for the war fear of Exodus 1:10" ], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "458eae5c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-affair-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-affair-summary", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-affair-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-affair-biblical-track", "label": "Proposed political setting for the war fear of Exodus 1:10", "normalizedLabel": "proposed political setting for the war fear of exodus 1 10", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Proposed political setting for the war fear of Exodus 1:10", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Proposed political setting for the war fear of Exodus 1:10" ], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "d7b6dc4c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-affair-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-affair-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-affair-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-affair-world-track", "label": "Egypt faces a disputed succession while Hatti dominates much of Syria and threatens intervention in Egyptian affairs.", "normalizedLabel": "egypt faces a disputed succession while hatti dominates much of syria and threatens intervention in egyptian affairs", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Egypt faces a disputed succession while Hatti dominates much of Syria and threatens intervention in Egyptian affairs.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "077c7792", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-affair-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-affair-world-track", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-affair-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-affair-evidence-1", "label": "Hittite historical texts preserve the Egyptian queen’s request, Zannanza’s mission and death, and the resulting hostility.", "normalizedLabel": "hittite historical texts preserve the egyptian queen s request zannanza s mission and death and the resulting hostility", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Hittite historical texts preserve the Egyptian queen’s request, Zannanza’s mission and death, and the resulting hostility.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "5a10eabc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-affair-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-affair-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-affair-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-affair-evidence-2", "label": "The crisis supplies a real setting in which an Egyptian government could fear the loyalty of an eastern-Delta Asiatic population during war.", "normalizedLabel": "the crisis supplies a real setting in which an egyptian government could fear the loyalty of an eastern delta asiatic population during war", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The crisis supplies a real setting in which an Egyptian government could fear the loyalty of an eastern-Delta Asiatic population during war.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "a3fbbfc1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-affair-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-affair-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-affair-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-affair-objection-1", "label": "The queen’s identity, the responsibility for Zannanza’s death, and the exact political sequence remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the queen s identity the responsibility for zannanza s death and the exact political sequence remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The queen’s identity, the responsibility for Zannanza’s death, and the exact political sequence remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "4a513c39", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-affair-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-affair-objection-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-affair-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-affair-objection-2", "label": "No surviving text links the crisis to Hebrews, Ay, or a decree against male infants.", "normalizedLabel": "no surviving text links the crisis to hebrews ay or a decree against male infants", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No surviving text links the crisis to Hebrews, Ay, or a decree against male infants.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "86dc15ef", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-affair-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-affair-objection-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-summary", "label": "The project places Moses’s adulthood, killing of the Egyptian overseer, and flight to Midian during Horemheb’s restoration regime.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places moses s adulthood killing of the egyptian overseer and flight to midian during horemheb s restoration regime", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places Moses’s adulthood, killing of the Egyptian overseer, and flight to Midian during Horemheb’s restoration regime.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 2:11–25; Exodus 4:19" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "f6719097", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-biblical-track", "label": "Exodus 2:11–25; Exodus 4:19", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 2 11 25 exodus 4 19", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Exodus 2:11–25; Exodus 4:19", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 2:11–25; Exodus 4:19" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "a0f115f8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-world-track", "label": "Horemheb restores traditional institutions, reorganizes administration, and issues measures against official abuse after the Amarna succession crisis.", "normalizedLabel": "horemheb restores traditional institutions reorganizes administration and issues measures against official abuse after the amarna succession crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Horemheb restores traditional institutions, reorganizes administration, and issues measures against official abuse after the Amarna succession crisis.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "327b42d5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-evidence-1", "label": "Horemheb’s long reign provides a plausible interval for Moses to reach adulthood after the late-Eighteenth-Dynasty crisis.", "normalizedLabel": "horemheb s long reign provides a plausible interval for moses to reach adulthood after the late eighteenth dynasty crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Horemheb’s long reign provides a plausible interval for Moses to reach adulthood after the late-Eighteenth-Dynasty crisis.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "8bb13ece", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-evidence-2", "label": "The Great Edict documents an unusually explicit program of administrative and legal reform.", "normalizedLabel": "the great edict documents an unusually explicit program of administrative and legal reform", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Great Edict documents an unusually explicit program of administrative and legal reform.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "44b2a9a9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-evidence-3", "label": "Exodus 4:19 refers to multiple men who sought Moses’s life, so the return need not wait for one pharaoh to complete a forty-year reign.", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 4 19 refers to multiple men who sought moses s life so the return need not wait for one pharaoh to complete a forty year reign", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Exodus 4:19 refers to multiple men who sought Moses’s life, so the return need not wait for one pharaoh to complete a forty-year reign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "bec6fbaf", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-objection-1", "label": "The Great Edict does not mention Moses, Hebrews, the killing of an overseer, or a royal pursuit.", "normalizedLabel": "the great edict does not mention moses hebrews the killing of an overseer or a royal pursuit", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The Great Edict does not mention Moses, Hebrews, the killing of an overseer, or a royal pursuit.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "6fb702b0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-objection-2", "label": "Any Egyptian government could punish homicide; Horemheb’s reform program does not uniquely identify him as Moses’s pursuer.", "normalizedLabel": "any egyptian government could punish homicide horemheb s reform program does not uniquely identify him as moses s pursuer", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Any Egyptian government could punish homicide; Horemheb’s reform program does not uniquely identify him as Moses’s pursuer.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "4af796cd", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-oppression-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-oppression-objection-3", "label": "The chronological connection remains a project reconstruction.", "normalizedLabel": "the chronological connection remains a project reconstruction", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The chronological connection remains a project reconstruction.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "067fa9de", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-oppression-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-oppression-objection-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-midian-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-midian-summary", "label": "After killing an Egyptian, Moses escapes Egypt, joins Jethro’s household, and remains in Midian until the deaths of the men seeking his life.", "normalizedLabel": "after killing an egyptian moses escapes egypt joins jethro s household and remains in midian until the deaths of the men seeking his life", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "After killing an Egyptian, Moses escapes Egypt, joins Jethro’s household, and remains in Midian until the deaths of the men seeking his life.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 2:11–25; 4:19; Acts 7:23–30" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "abf0531a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-midian-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-midian-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-midian-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-midian-biblical-track", "label": "Exodus 2:11–25; 4:19; Acts 7:23–30", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 2 11 25 4 19 acts 7 23 30", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Exodus 2:11–25; 4:19; Acts 7:23–30", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 2:11–25; 4:19; Acts 7:23–30" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "49f8c44f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-midian-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-midian-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-midian-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-midian-world-track", "label": "The project places the flight late in Horemheb’s reign and treats the length of Moses’s Midian residence as uncertain rather than a fixed forty years.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places the flight late in horemheb s reign and treats the length of moses s midian residence as uncertain rather than a fixed forty years", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The project places the flight late in Horemheb’s reign and treats the length of Moses’s Midian residence as uncertain rather than a fixed forty years.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "4df2937c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-midian-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-midian-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-midian-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-midian-evidence-1", "label": "The narrative securely orders adulthood, flight, residence in Midian, divine call, and return.", "normalizedLabel": "the narrative securely orders adulthood flight residence in midian divine call and return", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The narrative securely orders adulthood, flight, residence in Midian, divine call, and return.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "7eb3188a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-midian-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-midian-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-midian-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-midian-evidence-2", "label": "Exodus 4:19 speaks of multiple pursuers dying, which permits a succession of political enemies rather than one required forty-year pharaoh.", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 4 19 speaks of multiple pursuers dying which permits a succession of political enemies rather than one required forty year pharaoh", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Exodus 4:19 speaks of multiple pursuers dying, which permits a succession of political enemies rather than one required forty-year pharaoh.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "9ec36cfb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-midian-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-midian-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-midian-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-midian-objection-1", "label": "Neither Moses’s age nor the duration of the Midian period can be independently verified.", "normalizedLabel": "neither moses s age nor the duration of the midian period can be independently verified", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Neither Moses’s age nor the duration of the Midian period can be independently verified.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "31f83f6e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-midian-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-midian-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-midian-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-midian-objection-2", "label": "The model does not use the forty-year blocks in Acts 7 as exact elapsed chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "the model does not use the forty year blocks in acts 7 as exact elapsed chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The model does not use the forty-year blocks in Acts 7 as exact elapsed chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "87ff6746", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-midian-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-midian-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-reign-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-reign-summary", "label": "Ramesses II develops Pi-Ramesses into a royal, military, industrial, and storage center. The project places the final phase of Israelite compulsory labor in this Ramesside construction economy.", "normalizedLabel": "ramesses ii develops pi ramesses into a royal military industrial and storage center the project places the final phase of israelite compulsory labor in this ramesside construction economy", "aliases": [], "status": "documented-context", "summary": "Ramesses II develops Pi-Ramesses into a royal, military, industrial, and storage center. The project places the final phase of Israelite compulsory labor in this Ramesside construction economy.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1:11; 5:1–21; 12:37" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "2c9aa940", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-reign-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-reign-summary", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-reign-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-reign-biblical-track", "label": "Exodus 1:11; 5:1–21; 12:37", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 1 11 5 1 21 12 37", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Exodus 1:11; 5:1–21; 12:37", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 1:11; 5:1–21; 12:37" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "492c1271", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-reign-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-reign-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-reign-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-reign-world-track", "label": "Pi-Ramesses supports royal administration, chariot forces, workshops, supply storage, and campaigns into Asia.", "normalizedLabel": "pi ramesses supports royal administration chariot forces workshops supply storage and campaigns into asia", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Pi-Ramesses supports royal administration, chariot forces, workshops, supply storage, and campaigns into Asia.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "1905e3ed", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-reign-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-reign-world-track", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-reign-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-reign-evidence-1", "label": "The biblical place-name Raamses naturally fits the Ramesside eastern-Delta landscape.", "normalizedLabel": "the biblical place name raamses naturally fits the ramesside eastern delta landscape", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The biblical place-name Raamses naturally fits the Ramesside eastern-Delta landscape.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "6e3af3e4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-reign-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-reign-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-reign-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-reign-evidence-2", "label": "Archaeology documents a major royal and industrial city at Qantir–Pi-Ramesses.", "normalizedLabel": "archaeology documents a major royal and industrial city at qantir pi ramesses", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Archaeology documents a major royal and industrial city at Qantir–Pi-Ramesses.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "1160575e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-reign-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-reign-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-reign-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-reign-evidence-3", "label": "The sequence allows the oppression to begin before Ramesses II while the named supply-city labor belongs to his reign.", "normalizedLabel": "the sequence allows the oppression to begin before ramesses ii while the named supply city labor belongs to his reign", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The sequence allows the oppression to begin before Ramesses II while the named supply-city labor belongs to his reign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "20870b2f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-reign-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-reign-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-reign-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-reign-objection-1", "label": "The toponym may be a later editorial updating of an older place-name.", "normalizedLabel": "the toponym may be a later editorial updating of an older place name", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The toponym may be a later editorial updating of an older place-name.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "d51f02ec", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-reign-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-reign-objection-1", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-reign-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-reign-objection-2", "label": "No Qantir inscription identifies Israelite workers or Moses.", "normalizedLabel": "no qantir inscription identifies israelite workers or moses", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No Qantir inscription identifies Israelite workers or Moses.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "a77353d9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-reign-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-reign-objection-2", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-summary", "label": "The project identifies the disappearance and probable death of Ramesses II’s firstborn crown prince Amun-her-khepeshef around regnal Year 25 with the death of Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12, and places the first Passover in the same year.", "normalizedLabel": "the project identifies the disappearance and probable death of ramesses ii s firstborn crown prince amun her khepeshef around regnal year 25 with the death of pharaoh s firstborn in exodus 12 and places the first passover in the same year", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project identifies the disappearance and probable death of Ramesses II’s firstborn crown prince Amun-her-khepeshef around regnal Year 25 with the death of Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12, and places the first Passover in the same year.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 5–12" ], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "080a940f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-summary", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-biblical-track", "label": "Exodus 5–12", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 5 12", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Exodus 5–12", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 5–12" ], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "e4877f4b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-world-track", "label": "Ramesses II remains on the throne; the royal succession shifts from Amun-her-khepeshef to Prince Ramesses while Pi-Ramesses remains Egypt’s Delta capital.", "normalizedLabel": "ramesses ii remains on the throne the royal succession shifts from amun her khepeshef to prince ramesses while pi ramesses remains egypt s delta capital", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Ramesses II remains on the throne; the royal succession shifts from Amun-her-khepeshef to Prince Ramesses while Pi-Ramesses remains Egypt’s Delta capital.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "54a82cf8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-world-track", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-evidence-1", "label": "Amun-her-khepeshef was Ramesses II’s firstborn son and initial crown prince.", "normalizedLabel": "amun her khepeshef was ramesses ii s firstborn son and initial crown prince", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Amun-her-khepeshef was Ramesses II’s firstborn son and initial crown prince.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "828c78fa", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-evidence-2", "label": "The common succession reconstruction places his death or disappearance around Ramesses II’s regnal Year 25–26, approximately 1255–1253 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the common succession reconstruction places his death or disappearance around ramesses ii s regnal year 25 26 approximately 1255 1253 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The common succession reconstruction places his death or disappearance around Ramesses II’s regnal Year 25–26, approximately 1255–1253 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "c14707d2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-evidence-3", "label": "The biblical firstborn category does not require the royal victim to be a child.", "normalizedLabel": "the biblical firstborn category does not require the royal victim to be a child", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The biblical firstborn category does not require the royal victim to be a child.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "51f0d023", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-objection-1", "label": "No Egyptian source records a national firstborn catastrophe or identifies the prince’s cause of death.", "normalizedLabel": "no egyptian source records a national firstborn catastrophe or identifies the prince s cause of death", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No Egyptian source records a national firstborn catastrophe or identifies the prince’s cause of death.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "2f64a8c9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-objection-1", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-objection-2", "label": "KV5 and royal succession evidence establish the prince and burial context, not the tenth plague.", "normalizedLabel": "kv5 and royal succession evidence establish the prince and burial context not the tenth plague", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "KV5 and royal succession evidence establish the prince and burial context, not the tenth plague.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "63286034", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-objection-2", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:plagues-passover-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "plagues-passover-objection-3", "label": "The exact 1254 BCE synchronization is an adopted project hypothesis inside a wider Ramesside setting.", "normalizedLabel": "the exact 1254 bce synchronization is an adopted project hypothesis inside a wider ramesside setting", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The exact 1254 BCE synchronization is an adopted project hypothesis inside a wider Ramesside setting.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "8ec98c7e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=plagues-passover-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aplagues-passover-objection-3", "connectionCount": 10 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-summary", "label": "The project places Israel’s departure in approximately 1254 BCE, immediately after the death of Amun-her-khepeshef in the adopted firstborn-prince synchronism.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places israel s departure in approximately 1254 bce immediately after the death of amun her khepeshef in the adopted firstborn prince synchronism", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places Israel’s departure in approximately 1254 BCE, immediately after the death of Amun-her-khepeshef in the adopted firstborn-prince synchronism.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 3–15" ], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "3d1dc015", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-summary", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-biblical-track", "label": "Exodus 3–15", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 3 15", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Exodus 3–15", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 3–15" ], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "1940ff29", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-world-track", "label": "Ramesses II survives and continues reigning; the narrative does not explicitly require Pharaoh himself to die at the sea.", "normalizedLabel": "ramesses ii survives and continues reigning the narrative does not explicitly require pharaoh himself to die at the sea", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Ramesses II survives and continues reigning; the narrative does not explicitly require Pharaoh himself to die at the sea.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "11a8a14b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-world-track", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-evidence-1", "label": "The Raamses place-name and eastern-Delta geography fit the Ramesside landscape.", "normalizedLabel": "the raamses place name and eastern delta geography fit the ramesside landscape", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Raamses place-name and eastern-Delta geography fit the Ramesside landscape.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "ac479484", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-evidence-2", "label": "The adopted 1254 BCE coordinate falls near the succession from Amun-her-khepeshef to Prince Ramesses.", "normalizedLabel": "the adopted 1254 bce coordinate falls near the succession from amun her khepeshef to prince ramesses", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The adopted 1254 BCE coordinate falls near the succession from Amun-her-khepeshef to Prince Ramesses.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "d121bdea", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-evidence-3", "label": "A departure in 1254 BCE permits a forty-year project interval ending about 1214 BCE and Israel’s independent attestation in Canaan by 1208 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "a departure in 1254 bce permits a forty year project interval ending about 1214 bce and israel s independent attestation in canaan by 1208 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "A departure in 1254 BCE permits a forty-year project interval ending about 1214 BCE and Israel’s independent attestation in Canaan by 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "4aced54c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-objection-1", "label": "No Egyptian text directly records Moses, the plague sequence, or an Israelite departure.", "normalizedLabel": "no egyptian text directly records moses the plague sequence or an israelite departure", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "No Egyptian text directly records Moses, the plague sequence, or an Israelite departure.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "fbb6789f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-objection-1", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-objection-2", "label": "The prince’s cause of death is unknown, and the equation with Exodus 12 is not independently attested.", "normalizedLabel": "the prince s cause of death is unknown and the equation with exodus 12 is not independently attested", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The prince’s cause of death is unknown, and the equation with Exodus 12 is not independently attested.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "e5d7a310", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-objection-2", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-objection-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-objection-3", "label": "The scale, route, and relationship between the biblical forty years and elapsed chronology remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the scale route and relationship between the biblical forty years and elapsed chronology remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The scale, route, and relationship between the biblical forty years and elapsed chronology remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "a88e7341", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-objection-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-objection-3", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-objection-4", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-objection-4", "label": "A literal reading of 1 Kings 6:1 points to an earlier date unless the 480 years are treated schematically.", "normalizedLabel": "a literal reading of 1 kings 6 1 points to an earlier date unless the 480 years are treated schematically", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "A literal reading of 1 Kings 6:1 points to an earlier date unless the 480 years are treated schematically.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "5d5df9c1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-objection-4#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-objection-4", "connectionCount": 12 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sinai-wilderness-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sinai-wilderness-summary", "label": "Israel receives the Torah, tabernacle, priesthood, and covenant identity during the wilderness period. The project retains a forty-year interval for the adopted sequence while treating biblical age totals as non-controlling for Moses’s earlier life.", "normalizedLabel": "israel receives the torah tabernacle priesthood and covenant identity during the wilderness period the project retains a forty year interval for the adopted sequence while treating biblical age totals as non controlling for moses s earlier life", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Israel receives the Torah, tabernacle, priesthood, and covenant identity during the wilderness period. The project retains a forty-year interval for the adopted sequence while treating biblical age totals as non-controlling for Moses’s earlier life.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 19–40; Leviticus; Numbers; Deuteronomy" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "79ca663f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sinai-wilderness-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asinai-wilderness-summary", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sinai-wilderness-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sinai-wilderness-biblical-track", "label": "Exodus 19–40; Leviticus; Numbers; Deuteronomy", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 19 40 leviticus numbers deuteronomy", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Exodus 19–40; Leviticus; Numbers; Deuteronomy", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Exodus 19–40; Leviticus; Numbers; Deuteronomy" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "dcec7a36", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sinai-wilderness-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asinai-wilderness-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sinai-wilderness-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sinai-wilderness-world-track", "label": "The interval runs from the late reign of Ramesses II toward the beginning of the eastern Mediterranean system’s collapse.", "normalizedLabel": "the interval runs from the late reign of ramesses ii toward the beginning of the eastern mediterranean system s collapse", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "The interval runs from the late reign of Ramesses II toward the beginning of the eastern Mediterranean system’s collapse.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "a2d9c804", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sinai-wilderness-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asinai-wilderness-world-track", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sinai-wilderness-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sinai-wilderness-evidence-1", "label": "Numbers and Deuteronomy preserve a forty-year wilderness framework.", "normalizedLabel": "numbers and deuteronomy preserve a forty year wilderness framework", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Numbers and Deuteronomy preserve a forty-year wilderness framework.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "a698833e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sinai-wilderness-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asinai-wilderness-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sinai-wilderness-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sinai-wilderness-evidence-2", "label": "Ending around 1214 BCE leaves Israel established in Canaan before the Merneptah reference around 1208 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "ending around 1214 bce leaves israel established in canaan before the merneptah reference around 1208 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Ending around 1214 BCE leaves Israel established in Canaan before the Merneptah reference around 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "30ad72d1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sinai-wilderness-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asinai-wilderness-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sinai-wilderness-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sinai-wilderness-objection-1", "label": "The forty years may be a schematic generation rather than exact elapsed time.", "normalizedLabel": "the forty years may be a schematic generation rather than exact elapsed time", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The forty years may be a schematic generation rather than exact elapsed time.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "37cdf8f8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sinai-wilderness-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asinai-wilderness-objection-1", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:sinai-wilderness-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "sinai-wilderness-objection-2", "label": "The exact route, encampments, and population scale remain disputed.", "normalizedLabel": "the exact route encampments and population scale remain disputed", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The exact route, encampments, and population scale remain disputed.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "9b897fbc", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=sinai-wilderness-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Asinai-wilderness-objection-2", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-canaan-summary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-canaan-summary", "label": "Israelite settlement and ethnogenesis develop in Canaan before the Merneptah Stela names Israel around 1208 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "israelite settlement and ethnogenesis develop in canaan before the merneptah stela names israel around 1208 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "historically-plausible", "summary": "Israelite settlement and ethnogenesis develop in Canaan before the Merneptah Stela names Israel around 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Joshua; Judges 1" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "High-level event summary. Historical core and project identification are separated in the event dossier." }, "fingerprint": "5c0a76c8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-canaan-summary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-canaan-summary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-canaan-biblical-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-canaan-biblical-track", "label": "Joshua; Judges 1", "normalizedLabel": "joshua judges 1", "aliases": [], "status": "textual", "summary": "Joshua; Judges 1", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [ "Joshua; Judges 1" ], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "biblical-text-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Reports the biblical text or canonical relationship; it does not by itself establish external historicity." }, "fingerprint": "2a536309", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-canaan-biblical-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-canaan-biblical-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-canaan-world-track", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-canaan-world-track", "label": "Egyptian power in Canaan weakens as the eastern Mediterranean approaches the Bronze Age collapse.", "normalizedLabel": "egyptian power in canaan weakens as the eastern mediterranean approaches the bronze age collapse", "aliases": [], "status": "contextual", "summary": "Egyptian power in Canaan weakens as the eastern Mediterranean approaches the Bronze Age collapse.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "world-history-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "World-history synchronization based on the listed source trail." }, "fingerprint": "b76f3500", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-canaan-world-track#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-canaan-world-track", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-canaan-evidence-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-canaan-evidence-1", "label": "The Merneptah Stela securely attests a people called Israel in Canaan by about 1208 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the merneptah stela securely attests a people called israel in canaan by about 1208 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The Merneptah Stela securely attests a people called Israel in Canaan by about 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "3aba2102", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-canaan-evidence-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-canaan-evidence-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-canaan-evidence-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-canaan-evidence-2", "label": "Highland settlement patterns fit the emergence of a distinct population during the Iron I transition.", "normalizedLabel": "highland settlement patterns fit the emergence of a distinct population during the iron i transition", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "Highland settlement patterns fit the emergence of a distinct population during the Iron I transition.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "60c15510", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-canaan-evidence-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-canaan-evidence-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-canaan-evidence-3", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-canaan-evidence-3", "label": "The adopted model places the Jordan transition around 1214 BCE, but the external evidence establishes only the 1208 BCE boundary.", "normalizedLabel": "the adopted model places the jordan transition around 1214 bce but the external evidence establishes only the 1208 bce boundary", "aliases": [], "status": "supporting", "summary": "The adopted model places the Jordan transition around 1214 BCE, but the external evidence establishes only the 1208 BCE boundary.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Evidence statement retained with the event’s source trail; inspect the dossier for direct-versus-contextual status." }, "fingerprint": "c8b0b072", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-canaan-evidence-3#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-canaan-evidence-3", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-canaan-objection-1", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-canaan-objection-1", "label": "Archaeology does not support a simple destruction of every city in one campaign.", "normalizedLabel": "archaeology does not support a simple destruction of every city in one campaign", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "Archaeology does not support a simple destruction of every city in one campaign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "388be305", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-canaan-objection-1#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-canaan-objection-1", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-canaan-objection-2", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-canaan-objection-2", "label": "The relationship among migration, conquest, pastoral settlement, and local Canaanite development remains debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the relationship among migration conquest pastoral settlement and local canaanite development remains debated", "aliases": [], "status": "limitation", "summary": "The relationship among migration, conquest, pastoral settlement, and local Canaanite development remains debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "objection", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Explicit limitation or counterargument." }, "fingerprint": "c747e877", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-canaan-objection-2#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-canaan-objection-2", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ahmose-avaris-captives", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ahmose-avaris-captives", "label": "Ahmose son of Abana records Avaris being plundered and four people from the city being assigned to him as slaves.", "normalizedLabel": "ahmose son of abana records avaris being plundered and four people from the city being assigned to him as slaves", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ahmose son of Abana records Avaris being plundered and four people from the city being assigned to him as slaves.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This supports captivity after the conquest but does not identify Israelites or mass enslavement." }, "fingerprint": "98f8a09e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ahmose-avaris-captives#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aahmose-avaris-captives", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ahmose-israel-model", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ahmose-israel-model", "label": "The project places the beginning of Israelite servitude within the dynastic reversal after Ahmose I captured Avaris.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places the beginning of israelite servitude within the dynastic reversal after ahmose i captured avaris", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places the beginning of Israelite servitude within the dynastic reversal after Ahmose I captured Avaris.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "hyksos-expulsion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The Israelite identification is inferred, not stated by the Egyptian source." }, "fingerprint": "3126530b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ahmose-israel-model#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aahmose-israel-model", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-core", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-core", "label": "Hittite sources preserve an Egyptian queen’s request for a Hittite prince, Zannanza’s mission and death, and the resulting hostile crisis.", "normalizedLabel": "hittite sources preserve an egyptian queen s request for a hittite prince zannanza s mission and death and the resulting hostile crisis", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Hittite sources preserve an Egyptian queen’s request for a Hittite prince, Zannanza’s mission and death, and the resulting hostile crisis.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The exact queen and responsibility for the prince’s death remain debated." }, "fingerprint": "c14fcaea", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:zannanza-exodus-fear", "type": "event-claim", "id": "zannanza-exodus-fear", "label": "The project treats the Zannanza crisis as the political trigger behind the fear that Hebrews might join Egypt’s enemies in Exodus 1:10.", "normalizedLabel": "the project treats the zannanza crisis as the political trigger behind the fear that hebrews might join egypt s enemies in exodus 1 10", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project treats the Zannanza crisis as the political trigger behind the fear that Hebrews might join Egypt’s enemies in Exodus 1:10.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "zannanza-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "No surviving source links the crisis to Hebrews or an infant decree." }, "fingerprint": "69a4f150", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=zannanza-exodus-fear#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Azannanza-exodus-fear", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ay-infant-decree", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ay-infant-decree", "label": "The project places the decree against Hebrew male infants and Moses’s birth under Ay around 1322–1320 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places the decree against hebrew male infants and moses s birth under ay around 1322 1320 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "speculative", "summary": "The project places the decree against Hebrew male infants and Moses’s birth under Ay around 1322–1320 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This is a proposed synchronism, not an externally attested policy." }, "fingerprint": "3cb1805b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ay-infant-decree#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aay-infant-decree", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:moses-age-noncontrolling", "type": "event-claim", "id": "moses-age-noncontrolling", "label": "The model treats Moses’s age totals in Exodus, Deuteronomy, and Acts as schematic, traditional, or non-controlling for absolute chronology.", "normalizedLabel": "the model treats moses s age totals in exodus deuteronomy and acts as schematic traditional or non controlling for absolute chronology", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "The model treats Moses’s age totals in Exodus, Deuteronomy, and Acts as schematic, traditional, or non-controlling for absolute chronology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-born" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-assumption", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "This assumption is required to place birth under Ay and the Exodus in 1254 BCE." }, "fingerprint": "8467e959", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=moses-age-noncontrolling#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amoses-age-noncontrolling", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-edict-core", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-edict-core", "label": "Horemheb’s Great Edict documents a royal program addressing administrative abuse and corruption.", "normalizedLabel": "horemheb s great edict documents a royal program addressing administrative abuse and corruption", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Horemheb’s Great Edict documents a royal program addressing administrative abuse and corruption.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "It does not mention Moses or Israelites." }, "fingerprint": "6ec5e6c3", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-edict-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-edict-core", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:horemheb-moses-flight", "type": "event-claim", "id": "horemheb-moses-flight", "label": "The project places Moses’s adulthood and flight during Horemheb’s reign.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places moses s adulthood and flight during horemheb s reign", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places Moses’s adulthood and flight during Horemheb’s reign.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "horemheb-edict-mma", "arce-ramessides" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "horemheb-oppression" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Chronologically possible inside the model but historically unattested." }, "fingerprint": "1a8ad0d2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=horemheb-moses-flight#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ahoremheb-moses-flight", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:midian-duration", "type": "event-claim", "id": "midian-duration", "label": "Exodus 4:19 refers to multiple men seeking Moses’s life, so the model does not require one pharaoh to reign for a literal forty-year Midian interval.", "normalizedLabel": "exodus 4 19 refers to multiple men seeking moses s life so the model does not require one pharaoh to reign for a literal forty year midian interval", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "Exodus 4:19 refers to multiple men seeking Moses’s life, so the model does not require one pharaoh to reign for a literal forty-year Midian interval.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "moses-midian" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "textual-interpretation", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "Acts 7’s forty-year blocks are not used as exact elapsed chronology." }, "fingerprint": "78e6dca8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=midian-duration#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amidian-duration", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:piramesse-final-labor", "type": "event-claim", "id": "piramesse-final-labor", "label": "Pi-Ramesses supplies a strong Ramesside setting for the final construction-labor phase and the Raamses toponym.", "normalizedLabel": "pi ramesses supplies a strong ramesside setting for the final construction labor phase and the raamses toponym", "aliases": [], "status": "major", "summary": "Pi-Ramesses supplies a strong Ramesside setting for the final construction-labor phase and the Raamses toponym.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "ramesses-reign" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The site does not identify Israelite workers." }, "fingerprint": "f656f98c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=piramesse-final-labor#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Apiramesse-final-labor", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amun-firstborn-core", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amun-firstborn-core", "label": "Amun-her-khepeshef was Ramesses II’s firstborn son and initial crown prince and disappears from the succession around regnal Year 25–26.", "normalizedLabel": "amun her khepeshef was ramesses ii s firstborn son and initial crown prince and disappears from the succession around regnal year 25 26", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Amun-her-khepeshef was Ramesses II’s firstborn son and initial crown prince and disappears from the succession around regnal Year 25–26.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The exact year and cause of death are uncertain." }, "fingerprint": "a7cca39c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amun-firstborn-core#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamun-firstborn-core", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:amun-tenth-plague", "type": "event-claim", "id": "amun-tenth-plague", "label": "The project identifies Amun-her-khepeshef with Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12 and adopts 1254 BCE for the first Passover.", "normalizedLabel": "the project identifies amun her khepeshef with pharaoh s firstborn in exodus 12 and adopts 1254 bce for the first passover", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project identifies Amun-her-khepeshef with Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12 and adopts 1254 BCE for the first Passover.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "plagues-passover" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "No Egyptian source records the tenth plague or the prince’s cause of death." }, "fingerprint": "7aba91eb", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=amun-tenth-plague#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aamun-tenth-plague", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:exodus-1254", "type": "event-claim", "id": "exodus-1254", "label": "The project places the Exodus in 1254 BCE under Ramesses II, in the same year as the adopted Amun-her-khepeshef synchronism.", "normalizedLabel": "the project places the exodus in 1254 bce under ramesses ii in the same year as the adopted amun her khepeshef synchronism", "aliases": [], "status": "working-reconstruction", "summary": "The project places the Exodus in 1254 BCE under Ramesses II, in the same year as the adopted Amun-her-khepeshef synchronism.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "project-reconstruction", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The exact date falls if the prince synchronism is rejected; a broader Ramesside model may survive." }, "fingerprint": "e76a8030", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=exodus-1254#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexodus-1254", "connectionCount": 8 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ramesses-survives", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ramesses-survives", "label": "The model allows Ramesses II to survive the sea crossing because Exodus does not explicitly state that Pharaoh himself died.", "normalizedLabel": "the model allows ramesses ii to survive the sea crossing because exodus does not explicitly state that pharaoh himself died", "aliases": [], "status": "plausible", "summary": "The model allows Ramesses II to survive the sea crossing because Exodus does not explicitly state that Pharaoh himself died.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "exodus" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "textual-interpretation", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The destruction of Pharaoh’s pursuing forces is retained without identifying the king among the dead." }, "fingerprint": "d21a7050", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ramesses-survives#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aramesses-survives", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:wilderness-1254-1214", "type": "event-claim", "id": "wilderness-1254-1214", "label": "A forty-year project interval from 1254 BCE ends around 1214 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "a forty year project interval from 1254 bce ends around 1214 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "model-dependent", "summary": "A forty-year project interval from 1254 BCE ends around 1214 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "sinai-wilderness" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "chronological-model", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "The forty years may be schematic, but the interval must end before Israel’s c. 1208 BCE external attestation." }, "fingerprint": "a27c26f1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=wilderness-1254-1214#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Awilderness-1254-1214", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:israel-1208-boundary", "type": "event-claim", "id": "israel-1208-boundary", "label": "The Merneptah Stela requires a people called Israel to be present in Canaan by about 1208 BCE.", "normalizedLabel": "the merneptah stela requires a people called israel to be present in canaan by about 1208 bce", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Merneptah Stela requires a people called Israel to be present in Canaan by about 1208 BCE.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "israel-canaan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "external-evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "It does not explain Israel’s origin or prove the Exodus." }, "fingerprint": "7292750f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=israel-1208-boundary#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aisrael-1208-boundary", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:p46-pauline-codex-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "p46-pauline-codex-summary-v18", "label": "An early papyrus codex demonstrates that a substantial collection of Pauline letters circulated together by the late second or early third century.", "normalizedLabel": "an early papyrus codex demonstrates that a substantial collection of pauline letters circulated together by the late second or early third century", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "An early papyrus codex demonstrates that a substantial collection of Pauline letters circulated together by the late second or early third century.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "p46-pauline-codex" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "9a9578ca", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=p46-pauline-codex-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ap46-pauline-codex-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:p46-pauline-codex-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "p46-pauline-codex-context-v18", "label": "The codex became a prominent format for Christian scripture and literature, although the manuscript’s exact find context and precise date remain uncertain.", "normalizedLabel": "the codex became a prominent format for christian scripture and literature although the manuscript s exact find context and precise date remain uncertain", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The codex became a prominent format for Christian scripture and literature, although the manuscript’s exact find context and precise date remain uncertain.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "p46-pauline-codex" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "edd55232", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=p46-pauline-codex-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ap46-pauline-codex-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:p46-pauline-codex-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "p46-pauline-codex-evidence-v18", "label": "P46 preserves substantial portions of the Pauline corpus in one codex.", "normalizedLabel": "p46 preserves substantial portions of the pauline corpus in one codex", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "P46 preserves substantial portions of the Pauline corpus in one codex.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "p46-pauline-codex" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "52567ea0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=p46-pauline-codex-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ap46-pauline-codex-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:p46-pauline-codex-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "p46-pauline-codex-limit-v18", "label": "The manuscript is incomplete and paleographic dating supplies a range, not an exact year.", "normalizedLabel": "the manuscript is incomplete and paleographic dating supplies a range not an exact year", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The manuscript is incomplete and paleographic dating supplies a range, not an exact year.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "p46-pauline-codex" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "f84de2d1", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=p46-pauline-codex-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ap46-pauline-codex-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mishnah-redaction-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mishnah-redaction-summary-v18", "label": "Rabbinic legal traditions are organized into the six orders of the Mishnah, conventionally associated with Judah ha-Nasi and the early third century.", "normalizedLabel": "rabbinic legal traditions are organized into the six orders of the mishnah conventionally associated with judah ha nasi and the early third century", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Rabbinic legal traditions are organized into the six orders of the Mishnah, conventionally associated with Judah ha-Nasi and the early third century.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mishnah-redaction" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "0ac556e2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mishnah-redaction-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amishnah-redaction-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mishnah-redaction-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mishnah-redaction-context-v18", "label": "Its formation reflects generations of oral teaching and editorial activity rather than a single act of authorship.", "normalizedLabel": "its formation reflects generations of oral teaching and editorial activity rather than a single act of authorship", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Its formation reflects generations of oral teaching and editorial activity rather than a single act of authorship.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mishnah-redaction" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "59286806", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mishnah-redaction-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amishnah-redaction-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mishnah-redaction-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mishnah-redaction-evidence-v18", "label": "The Mishnah became the base text for both Palestinian and Babylonian rabbinic discussion.", "normalizedLabel": "the mishnah became the base text for both palestinian and babylonian rabbinic discussion", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Mishnah became the base text for both Palestinian and Babylonian rabbinic discussion.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "mishnah-redaction" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "acd1163d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mishnah-redaction-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amishnah-redaction-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:mishnah-redaction-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "mishnah-redaction-limit-v18", "label": "The history of individual traditions and the extent of final editorial activity remain debated.", "normalizedLabel": "the history of individual traditions and the extent of final editorial activity remain debated", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The history of individual traditions and the extent of final editorial activity remain debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "mishnah-redaction" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "ee6edd54", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=mishnah-redaction-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amishnah-redaction-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:rabbinic-academies-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "rabbinic-academies-summary-v18", "label": "Networks of teachers, courts, and academies in Roman Palestine and Sasanian Babylonia shape the institutions and literature of classical rabbinic Judaism.", "normalizedLabel": "networks of teachers courts and academies in roman palestine and sasanian babylonia shape the institutions and literature of classical rabbinic judaism", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Networks of teachers, courts, and academies in Roman Palestine and Sasanian Babylonia shape the institutions and literature of classical rabbinic Judaism.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rabbinic-academies" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "1aebdfc0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rabbinic-academies-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arabbinic-academies-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:rabbinic-academies-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "rabbinic-academies-context-v18", "label": "Roman and Sasanian political settings produced different communal conditions and scholarly cultures.", "normalizedLabel": "roman and sasanian political settings produced different communal conditions and scholarly cultures", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Roman and Sasanian political settings produced different communal conditions and scholarly cultures.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rabbinic-academies" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "13ff0f13", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rabbinic-academies-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arabbinic-academies-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:rabbinic-academies-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "rabbinic-academies-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Rabbinic Centers Develop in Galilee and Babylonia.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for rabbinic centers develop in galilee and babylonia", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Rabbinic Centers Develop in Galilee and Babylonia.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rabbinic-academies" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "3fea32b0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rabbinic-academies-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arabbinic-academies-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:rabbinic-academies-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "rabbinic-academies-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "rabbinic-academies" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "dff01d74", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rabbinic-academies-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arabbinic-academies-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:armenia-christian-kingdom-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "armenia-christian-kingdom-summary-v18", "label": "Armenian tradition places the royal adoption of Christianity under Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminator near the beginning of the fourth century.", "normalizedLabel": "armenian tradition places the royal adoption of christianity under tiridates iii and gregory the illuminator near the beginning of the fourth century", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Armenian tradition places the royal adoption of Christianity under Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminator near the beginning of the fourth century.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "armenia-christian-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "796a30a4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=armenia-christian-kingdom-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aarmenia-christian-kingdom-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:armenia-christian-kingdom-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "armenia-christian-kingdom-context-v18", "label": "The customary date is approximate, and the process of Christianization extended beyond one royal decision.", "normalizedLabel": "the customary date is approximate and the process of christianization extended beyond one royal decision", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The customary date is approximate, and the process of Christianization extended beyond one royal decision.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "armenia-christian-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "3655db71", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=armenia-christian-kingdom-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aarmenia-christian-kingdom-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:armenia-christian-kingdom-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "armenia-christian-kingdom-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Armenia Adopts Christianity.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for armenia adopts christianity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Armenia Adopts Christianity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "armenia-christian-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "c91523a0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=armenia-christian-kingdom-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aarmenia-christian-kingdom-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:armenia-christian-kingdom-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "armenia-christian-kingdom-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "armenia-christian-kingdom" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "686c9d6c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=armenia-christian-kingdom-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aarmenia-christian-kingdom-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:great-persecution-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "great-persecution-summary-v18", "label": "Imperial edicts under Diocletian and his colleagues target churches, scriptures, clergy, and Christian participation in public life.", "normalizedLabel": "imperial edicts under diocletian and his colleagues target churches scriptures clergy and christian participation in public life", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Imperial edicts under Diocletian and his colleagues target churches, scriptures, clergy, and Christian participation in public life.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "great-persecution" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "59495cb2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=great-persecution-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agreat-persecution-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:great-persecution-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "great-persecution-context-v18", "label": "Enforcement varied greatly across the empire and ended through a sequence of toleration measures.", "normalizedLabel": "enforcement varied greatly across the empire and ended through a sequence of toleration measures", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Enforcement varied greatly across the empire and ended through a sequence of toleration measures.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "great-persecution" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "4c43eb25", "nativeUrl": 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"V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "9d62e434", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=great-persecution-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agreat-persecution-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:great-persecution-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "great-persecution-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "great-persecution" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "e4da95e4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=great-persecution-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agreat-persecution-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:edict-milan-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "edict-milan-summary-v18", "label": "The agreement conventionally called the Edict of Milan establishes broad toleration and restitution for Christians after imperial persecution.", "normalizedLabel": "the agreement conventionally called the edict of milan establishes broad toleration and restitution for christians after imperial persecution", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The agreement conventionally called the Edict of Milan establishes broad toleration and restitution for Christians after imperial persecution.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-antique" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "edict-milan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "f74555e0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=edict-milan-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aedict-milan-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:edict-milan-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "edict-milan-context-v18", "label": "The change did not instantly make every inhabitant Christian or end religious conflict.", "normalizedLabel": "the change did not instantly make every inhabitant christian or end religious conflict", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The change did not instantly make every inhabitant Christian or end religious conflict.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], 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"qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "edict-milan" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "a4027a7a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=edict-milan-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aedict-milan-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:council-nicaea-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "council-nicaea-summary-v18", "label": "Bishops convened by Constantine address the controversy associated with Arius, formulate a creed, and establish disciplinary canons.", "normalizedLabel": "bishops convened by constantine address the controversy associated with arius 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"", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "aksum-christianity" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "c91b8bda", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=aksum-christianity-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aaksum-christianity-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:codex-sinaiticus-era-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "codex-sinaiticus-era-summary-v18", "label": "A fourth-century Greek codex preserves most of the Septuagint and the complete New Testament together with other early Christian works.", "normalizedLabel": "a fourth century greek codex preserves most of the septuagint and the complete new testament together with other early christian works", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", 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"event-claim", "id": "muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-summary-v18", "label": "Jerusalem passes from Byzantine to early Islamic rule during the conquests of the caliphate.", "normalizedLabel": "jerusalem passes from byzantine to early islamic rule during the conquests of the caliphate", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Jerusalem passes from Byzantine to early Islamic rule during the conquests of the caliphate.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "a43a67ba", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amuslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638-context-v18", "label": "Conditions varied over time; neither uninterrupted tolerance nor uninterrupted persecution accurately describes the whole period.", "normalizedLabel": "conditions varied over time neither uninterrupted tolerance nor uninterrupted persecution accurately describes the whole period", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Conditions varied over time; neither uninterrupted tolerance nor uninterrupted persecution accurately describes the whole period.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "muslim-conquest-jerusalem-638" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { 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"metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "7f1d0226", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=andalus-jewish-flourishing-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aandalus-jewish-flourishing-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:andalus-jewish-flourishing-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "andalus-jewish-flourishing-context-v18", "label": "The term “Golden Age” can obscure political instability, social hierarchy, and episodes of violence.", "normalizedLabel": "the term golden age can obscure political instability social hierarchy and episodes of violence", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The term “Golden Age” can obscure political instability, social hierarchy, and episodes of violence.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ 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[], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Jewish Intellectual and Literary Flourishing in al-Andalus.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "andalus-jewish-flourishing" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "994205a8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=andalus-jewish-flourishing-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aandalus-jewish-flourishing-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:andalus-jewish-flourishing-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "andalus-jewish-flourishing-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later 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associated with Vladimir of Kyiv links the Rus’ polity to Byzantine Christianity.", "normalizedLabel": "the baptism associated with vladimir of kyiv links the rus polity to byzantine christianity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The baptism associated with Vladimir of Kyiv links the Rus’ polity to Byzantine Christianity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kievan-rus-christianization" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "29902130", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kievan-rus-christianization-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akievan-rus-christianization-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kievan-rus-christianization-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kievan-rus-christianization-context-v18", "label": "Conversion was gradual and later national traditions interpret the inheritance differently.", "normalizedLabel": "conversion was gradual and later national traditions interpret the inheritance differently", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Conversion was gradual and later national traditions interpret the inheritance differently.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kievan-rus-christianization" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "311e3f58", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kievan-rus-christianization-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akievan-rus-christianization-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kievan-rus-christianization-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kievan-rus-christianization-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The Christianization of Kievan Rus’.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for the christianization of kievan rus", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The Christianization of Kievan Rus’.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "kievan-rus-christianization" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "3f43fd1a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kievan-rus-christianization-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akievan-rus-christianization-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:kievan-rus-christianization-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "kievan-rus-christianization-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "kievan-rus-christianization" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "9df10efe", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=kievan-rus-christianization-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Akievan-rus-christianization-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:east-west-schism-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "east-west-schism-summary-v18", "label": "Mutual excommunications in 1054 become a symbolic date for the widening estrangement between Latin West and Greek East.", "normalizedLabel": "mutual excommunications in 1054 become a symbolic date for the widening estrangement between latin west and greek east", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Mutual excommunications in 1054 become a symbolic date for the widening estrangement between Latin West and Greek East.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "east-west-schism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "2d0a0aa4", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=east-west-schism-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aeast-west-schism-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:east-west-schism-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "east-west-schism-context-v18", "label": "There was no single day when all Eastern and Western Christians abruptly ceased communion.", "normalizedLabel": "there was no single day when all eastern and western christians abruptly ceased communion", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "There was no single day when all Eastern and Western Christians abruptly ceased communion.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "east-west-schism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "e2b0d699", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=east-west-schism-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aeast-west-schism-context-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:east-west-schism-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "east-west-schism-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The East–West Schism as a Symbolic Milestone.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for the east west schism as a symbolic milestone", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The East–West Schism as a Symbolic Milestone.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "east-west-schism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "7cf2fc81", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=east-west-schism-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aeast-west-schism-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:east-west-schism-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "east-west-schism-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among 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Babylonian Talmud become central tools of Jewish study.", "normalizedLabel": "rashi s commentaries on the hebrew bible and babylonian talmud become central tools of jewish study", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Rashi’s commentaries on the Hebrew Bible and Babylonian Talmud become central tools of Jewish study.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rashi-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "71bfe07b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rashi-life-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arashi-life-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:rashi-life-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "rashi-life-context-v18", "label": "Later printed pages surround Rashi with centuries of additional commentary, which should not be confused with his own text.", "normalizedLabel": "later printed pages surround rashi with centuries of additional commentary which should not be confused with his own text", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Later printed pages surround Rashi with centuries of additional commentary, which should not be confused with his own text.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rashi-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "0c369ea9", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rashi-life-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arashi-life-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:rashi-life-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "rashi-life-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Rashi and the Classical Jewish Commentary Tradition.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for rashi and the classical jewish commentary tradition", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Rashi and the Classical Jewish Commentary Tradition.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "rashi-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "da8a172c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rashi-life-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arashi-life-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:rashi-life-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "rashi-life-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "rashi-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "082ca407", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=rashi-life-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arashi-life-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-crusade-rhineland-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-crusade-rhineland-summary-v18", "label": "Crusading armies and local mobs attack Jewish communities in the Rhineland while armies move toward the eastern Mediterranean.", "normalizedLabel": "crusading armies and local mobs attack jewish communities in the rhineland while armies move toward the eastern mediterranean", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Crusading armies and local mobs attack Jewish communities in the Rhineland while armies move toward the eastern Mediterranean.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "first-crusade-rhineland" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "2ccb067a", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=first-crusade-rhineland-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afirst-crusade-rhineland-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-crusade-rhineland-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-crusade-rhineland-context-v18", "label": "Accounts differ in detail, and the crusade was not one centrally controlled movement.", "normalizedLabel": "accounts differ in detail and the crusade was not one centrally controlled movement", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Accounts differ in detail, and the crusade was not one centrally controlled movement.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", 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"connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:crusader-capture-jerusalem-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "crusader-capture-jerusalem-context-v18", "label": "Medieval sources use rhetorical casualty figures that require critical evaluation.", "normalizedLabel": "medieval sources use rhetorical casualty figures that require critical evaluation", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Medieval sources use rhetorical casualty figures that require critical evaluation.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-early-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "crusader-capture-jerusalem" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "0f406f5c", "nativeUrl": 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"documented", "summary": "Details of his birth year and some biographical episodes are debated.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "maimonides-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "63956081", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maimonides-life-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaimonides-life-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:maimonides-life-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "maimonides-life-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Maimonides: Law, Philosophy, and Communal Leadership.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for maimonides law philosophy and communal leadership", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Maimonides: Law, Philosophy, and Communal Leadership.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-islamic" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "maimonides-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "0e14d814", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maimonides-life-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaimonides-life-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:maimonides-life-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "maimonides-life-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "maimonides-life" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "9afc6238", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=maimonides-life-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Amaimonides-life-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fourth-crusade-1204-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fourth-crusade-1204-summary-v18", "label": "Latin crusaders capture and plunder Constantinople, displacing Byzantine rule and deepening Eastern–Western hostility.", "normalizedLabel": "latin crusaders capture and plunder constantinople displacing byzantine rule and deepening eastern western hostility", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Latin crusaders capture and plunder Constantinople, displacing Byzantine rule and deepening Eastern–Western hostility.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-crusade-1204" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "880e7932", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fourth-crusade-1204-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afourth-crusade-1204-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fourth-crusade-1204-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fourth-crusade-1204-context-v18", "label": "The event arose from political and financial contingencies as well as crusading ideology.", "normalizedLabel": "the event arose from political and financial contingencies as well as crusading ideology", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event arose from political and financial contingencies as well as crusading ideology.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-crusade-1204" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "e6da9c90", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fourth-crusade-1204-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afourth-crusade-1204-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fourth-crusade-1204-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fourth-crusade-1204-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The Fourth Crusade Sacks Constantinople.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for the fourth crusade sacks constantinople", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The Fourth Crusade Sacks Constantinople.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-crusade-1204" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "b8bf376f", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fourth-crusade-1204-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afourth-crusade-1204-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fourth-crusade-1204-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fourth-crusade-1204-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-crusade-1204" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "c23e8a2d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fourth-crusade-1204-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afourth-crusade-1204-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fourth-lateran-council-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fourth-lateran-council-summary-v18", "label": "The council defines reforms and doctrines for Latin Christianity while also imposing distinctive dress and other restrictions on Jews and Muslims.", "normalizedLabel": "the council defines reforms and doctrines for latin christianity while also imposing distinctive dress and other restrictions on jews and muslims", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The council defines reforms and doctrines for Latin Christianity while also imposing distinctive dress and other restrictions on Jews and Muslims.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-lateran-council" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "6dd73ba5", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fourth-lateran-council-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afourth-lateran-council-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fourth-lateran-council-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fourth-lateran-council-context-v18", "label": "Local enforcement varied, and later practices cannot all be attributed to one council.", "normalizedLabel": "local enforcement varied and later practices cannot all be attributed to one council", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Local enforcement varied, and later practices cannot all be attributed to one council.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval", "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-lateran-council" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "69b46ed8", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fourth-lateran-council-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afourth-lateran-council-context-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fourth-lateran-council-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fourth-lateran-council-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Fourth Lateran Council and Confessional Regulation.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is 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"event-claim", "id": "fourth-lateran-council-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "fourth-lateran-council" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "72959377", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fourth-lateran-council-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afourth-lateran-council-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:england-expulsion-jews-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "england-expulsion-jews-summary-v18", "label": "Edward I orders the expulsion of Jews from England after decades of taxation, legal restriction, debt politics, and persecution.", "normalizedLabel": "edward i orders the expulsion of jews from england after decades of taxation legal restriction debt politics and persecution", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Edward I orders the expulsion of Jews from England after decades of taxation, legal restriction, debt politics, and persecution.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "england-expulsion-jews" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "1ea220ab", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=england-expulsion-jews-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aengland-expulsion-jews-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:england-expulsion-jews-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "england-expulsion-jews-context-v18", "label": "Individual experiences and routes of migration are unevenly documented.", "normalizedLabel": "individual experiences and routes of migration are unevenly documented", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Individual experiences and routes of migration are unevenly documented.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "england-expulsion-jews" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "88a35f8c", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=england-expulsion-jews-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aengland-expulsion-jews-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:england-expulsion-jews-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "england-expulsion-jews-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Expulsion of Jews from England.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for expulsion of jews from england", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Expulsion of Jews from England.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "england-expulsion-jews" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "a6f58f27", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=england-expulsion-jews-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aengland-expulsion-jews-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:england-expulsion-jews-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "england-expulsion-jews-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "england-expulsion-jews" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "7459ba80", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=england-expulsion-jews-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aengland-expulsion-jews-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:black-death-jewish-persecution-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "black-death-jewish-persecution-summary-v18", "label": "During the plague, false accusations of well poisoning and other conspiracies contribute to expulsions and massacres across parts of Europe.", "normalizedLabel": "during the plague false accusations of well poisoning and other conspiracies contribute to expulsions and massacres across parts of europe", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "During the plague, false accusations of well poisoning and other conspiracies contribute to expulsions and massacres across parts of Europe.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "black-death-jewish-persecution" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "57b7fb82", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=black-death-jewish-persecution-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ablack-death-jewish-persecution-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:black-death-jewish-persecution-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "black-death-jewish-persecution-context-v18", "label": "Patterns varied regionally, and Jews were also victims of the plague itself.", "normalizedLabel": "patterns varied regionally and jews were also victims of the plague itself", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Patterns varied regionally, and Jews were also victims of the plague itself.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "black-death-jewish-persecution" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "3e80f1ef", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=black-death-jewish-persecution-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ablack-death-jewish-persecution-context-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:black-death-jewish-persecution-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "black-death-jewish-persecution-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Black Death and Mass Persecution of Jewish Communities.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for black death and mass persecution of jewish communities", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Black Death and Mass Persecution of Jewish Communities.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west", "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "black-death-jewish-persecution" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "cfc8a442", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=black-death-jewish-persecution-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": 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"source-workbench.html?claim=black-death-jewish-persecution-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Ablack-death-jewish-persecution-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:western-schism-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "western-schism-summary-v18", "label": "Competing papal obediences divide Latin Christianity until the Council of Constance restores a single recognized papal line.", "normalizedLabel": "competing papal obediences divide latin christianity until the council of constance restores a single recognized papal line", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Competing papal obediences divide Latin Christianity until the Council of Constance restores a single recognized papal line.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "western-schism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { 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"western-schism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "aed9b131", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=western-schism-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Awestern-schism-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:western-schism-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "western-schism-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "western-schism" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "48769639", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=western-schism-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Awestern-schism-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fall-constantinople-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fall-constantinople-summary-v18", "label": "Ottoman forces capture Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and transforming the political setting of Eastern Christianity.", "normalizedLabel": "ottoman forces capture constantinople ending the byzantine empire and transforming the political setting of eastern christianity", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ottoman forces capture Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and transforming the political setting of Eastern Christianity.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fall-constantinople" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "cdfdd0ce", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fall-constantinople-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afall-constantinople-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fall-constantinople-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fall-constantinople-context-v18", "label": "The event did not end Orthodox Christianity or produce a simple one-way transfer of learning to the West.", "normalizedLabel": "the event did not end orthodox christianity or produce a simple one way transfer of learning to the west", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event did not end Orthodox Christianity or produce a simple one-way transfer of learning to the West.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fall-constantinople" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "05b31d62", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fall-constantinople-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afall-constantinople-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fall-constantinople-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fall-constantinople-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Fall of Constantinople.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for fall of constantinople", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Fall of Constantinople.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-late-medieval" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "fall-constantinople" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "c09e019e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=fall-constantinople-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afall-constantinople-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:fall-constantinople-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "fall-constantinople-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed 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produced with movable metal type in Mainz, demonstrating the transformative capacity of European print.", "normalizedLabel": "the latin vulgate is produced with movable metal type in mainz demonstrating the transformative capacity of european print", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Latin Vulgate is produced with movable metal type in Mainz, demonstrating the transformative capacity of European print.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "loc-gutenberg-bible" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gutenberg-bible" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "bd8d1243", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gutenberg-bible-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agutenberg-bible-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:gutenberg-bible-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "gutenberg-bible-context-v18", "label": "The Gutenberg Bible was not the first printed book in world history, and manuscript culture continued.", "normalizedLabel": "the gutenberg bible was not the first printed book in world history and manuscript culture continued", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Gutenberg Bible was not the first printed book in world history, and manuscript culture continued.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "loc-gutenberg-bible" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gutenberg-bible" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "a5107708", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=gutenberg-bible-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Agutenberg-bible-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:gutenberg-bible-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "gutenberg-bible-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The Gutenberg Bible and Movable-Type Printing.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for the gutenberg bible and movable type printing", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The Gutenberg Bible and Movable-Type Printing.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "loc-gutenberg-bible" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "gutenberg-bible" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history 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"cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "spanish-inquisition" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "a6cb9f2e", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=spanish-inquisition-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aspanish-inquisition-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:spanish-inquisition-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "spanish-inquisition-context-v18", "label": "It was not identical to every medieval inquisition, and modern popular accounts often collapse different institutions.", "normalizedLabel": "it was not identical to every medieval inquisition and modern popular accounts often collapse different institutions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "It was not identical to every medieval inquisition, 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Decree orders practicing Jews to convert or leave the Spanish kingdoms.", "normalizedLabel": "the alhambra decree orders practicing jews to convert or leave the spanish kingdoms", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The Alhambra Decree orders practicing Jews to convert or leave the Spanish kingdoms.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "expulsion-spain-1492" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "9253adaa", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=expulsion-spain-1492-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexpulsion-spain-1492-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:expulsion-spain-1492-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "expulsion-spain-1492-context-v18", "label": "Migration routes, conversion choices, and property losses differed greatly among families.", "normalizedLabel": "migration routes conversion choices and property losses differed greatly among families", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Migration routes, conversion choices, and property losses differed greatly among families.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "expulsion-spain-1492" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "e63875ff", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=expulsion-spain-1492-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexpulsion-spain-1492-context-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:expulsion-spain-1492-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "expulsion-spain-1492-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Expulsion of Jews from Spain.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for expulsion of jews from spain", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Expulsion of Jews from Spain.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "expulsion-spain-1492" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "f6494e84", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=expulsion-spain-1492-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aexpulsion-spain-1492-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:expulsion-spain-1492-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "expulsion-spain-1492-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", "aliases": [], "status": "qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "expulsion-spain-1492" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "63328975", "nativeUrl": 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"distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "5048f1b2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=ottoman-sephardic-resettlement-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aottoman-sephardic-resettlement-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:ottoman-sephardic-resettlement-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "ottoman-sephardic-resettlement-context-v18", "label": "Ottoman policy and local conditions were not uniformly welcoming in every place or period.", "normalizedLabel": "ottoman policy and local conditions were not uniformly welcoming in every place or period", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Ottoman policy and local conditions were not uniformly welcoming in every place or period.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ 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"entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aportugal-forced-conversion-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:portugal-forced-conversion-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "portugal-forced-conversion-context-v18", "label": "The legal process combined expulsion orders, coercion, family separation, and conversion in complex ways.", "normalizedLabel": "the legal process combined expulsion orders coercion family separation and conversion in complex ways", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The legal process combined expulsion orders, coercion, family separation, and conversion in complex ways.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-medieval-west" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "portugal-forced-conversion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical 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"event-claim:damascus-affair-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "damascus-affair-summary-v18", "label": "A blood-libel accusation leads to arrests and torture of Jews in Damascus and prompts international Jewish intervention.", "normalizedLabel": "a blood libel accusation leads to arrests and torture of jews in damascus and prompts international jewish intervention", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "A blood-libel accusation leads to arrests and torture of Jews in Damascus and prompts international Jewish intervention.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "damascus-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "86e312ee", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=damascus-affair-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Adamascus-affair-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:damascus-affair-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "damascus-affair-context-v18", "label": "Contemporary diplomatic and communal accounts reflect competing political agendas.", "normalizedLabel": "contemporary diplomatic and communal accounts reflect competing political agendas", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Contemporary diplomatic and communal accounts reflect competing political agendas.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "damascus-affair" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "ae64c74a", "nativeUrl": 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"distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "8073df20", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=first-vatican-council-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Afirst-vatican-council-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 4 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:first-vatican-council-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "first-vatican-council-context-v18", "label": "Papal infallibility does not mean every papal statement is treated as infallible.", "normalizedLabel": "papal infallibility does not mean every papal statement is treated as infallible", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Papal infallibility does not mean every papal statement is treated as infallible.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ 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"claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "a47ce30d", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=russian-revolution-religion-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arussian-revolution-religion-context-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:russian-revolution-religion-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "russian-revolution-religion-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Revolution, Soviet Rule, and Religious Repression.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for revolution soviet rule and religious repression", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for Revolution, Soviet Rule, and Religious Repression.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-nineteenth", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "russian-revolution-religion" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "evidence", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "57eccc66", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=russian-revolution-religion-evidence-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Arussian-revolution-religion-evidence-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:russian-revolution-religion-limit-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "russian-revolution-religion-limit-v18", "label": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "normalizedLabel": "the event s meaning and reception differed among regions communities and later interpreters", 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intercommunal conflict.", "normalizedLabel": "british rule implements an international mandate amid growing jewish immigration zionist institution building palestinian arab opposition and intercommunal conflict", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "British rule implements an international mandate amid growing Jewish immigration, Zionist institution-building, Palestinian Arab opposition, and intercommunal conflict.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-balfour-aftermath", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "british-mandate-palestine" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "event-summary", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "f88d36ee", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=british-mandate-palestine-summary-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abritish-mandate-palestine-summary-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:british-mandate-palestine-context-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "british-mandate-palestine-context-v18", "label": "British policy shifted repeatedly, and neither national community was internally uniform.", "normalizedLabel": "british policy shifted repeatedly and neither national community was internally uniform", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "British policy shifted repeatedly, and neither national community was internally uniform.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-balfour-aftermath", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "british-mandate-palestine" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "6eeba080", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=british-mandate-palestine-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abritish-mandate-palestine-context-v18", "connectionCount": 6 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:british-mandate-palestine-evidence-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "british-mandate-palestine-evidence-v18", "label": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The British Mandate in Palestine.", "normalizedLabel": "the event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for the british mandate in palestine", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "The event is supported by the linked institutional or academic source record for The British Mandate in Palestine.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "ushmm-balfour-aftermath", "cambridge-judaism-modern" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "british-mandate-palestine" ], "collisionGroups": [], 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"british-mandate-palestine" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "21380a47", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=british-mandate-palestine-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Abritish-mandate-palestine-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:holocaust-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "holocaust-summary-v18", "label": "Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators systematically persecute and murder six million Jews across Europe.", "normalizedLabel": "nazi germany and its allies and collaborators systematically persecute and murder six million jews across europe", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators systematically persecute and murder six million Jews across Europe.", 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"qualified", "summary": "The event’s meaning and reception differed among regions, communities, and later interpreters.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [ "holocaust" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "methodological-limit", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "607f174b", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=holocaust-limit-v18#claims", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=event-claim%3Aholocaust-limit-v18", "connectionCount": 2 }, { "canonicalId": "event-claim:global-christianity-south-summary-v18", "type": "event-claim", "id": "global-christianity-south-summary-v18", "label": "Christian populations and institutions grow rapidly in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific while many European societies secularize.", "normalizedLabel": "christian populations and institutions grow rapidly in 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"global-christianity-south-context-v18", "label": "“Global South” is a broad analytical category and should not conceal regional diversity or older non-Western Christian traditions.", "normalizedLabel": "global south is a broad analytical category and should not conceal regional diversity or older non western christian traditions", "aliases": [], "status": "documented", "summary": "“Global South” is a broad analytical category and should not conceal regional diversity or older non-Western Christian traditions.", "dateLabel": "", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-christianity-twentieth" ], "relatedEventIds": [ "global-christianity-south" ], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "claimClass": "event-claim", "kind": "historical-context", "directness": "", "stage": "", "note": "V18 post-biblical history extension." }, "fingerprint": "9fba2105", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?claim=global-christianity-south-context-v18#claims", "entityUrl": 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(Vlad. 1)", "normalizedLabel": "sinod gr 31 vlad 1", "aliases": [], "status": "catalogued in Smith 2024 table", "summary": "Lucianic Greek minuscule · 10th century CE · catalogued in Smith 2024 table", "dateLabel": "10th century CE", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "date": "10th century CE", "tradition": "Lucianic Greek minuscule", "reading": 480 }, "fingerprint": "7cacee30", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?witness=minuscule127#manuscripts", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=manuscript-witness%3Aminuscule127", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "manuscript-witness:minuscule19", "type": "manuscript-witness", "id": "minuscule19", "label": "Chig. R. VI. 38 (gr. 30)", "normalizedLabel": "chig r vi 38 gr 30", "aliases": [], "status": "catalogued in Smith 2024 table", "summary": "Lucianic Greek minuscule · 12th century CE · catalogued in Smith 2024 table", "dateLabel": "12th century CE", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "date": "12th century CE", "tradition": "Lucianic Greek minuscule", "reading": 480 }, "fingerprint": "815233fa", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?witness=minuscule19#manuscripts", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=manuscript-witness%3Aminuscule19", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "manuscript-witness:minuscule108", "type": "manuscript-witness", "id": "minuscule108", "label": "Vat. gr. 330", "normalizedLabel": "vat gr 330", "aliases": [], "status": "catalogued in Smith 2024 table", "summary": "Lucianic Greek minuscule · 13th century CE · catalogued in Smith 2024 table", "dateLabel": "13th century CE", 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"c75ab4a0", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?witness=minuscule93#manuscripts", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=manuscript-witness%3Aminuscule93", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "manuscript-witness:minuscule246", "type": "manuscript-witness", "id": "minuscule246", "label": "Vat. gr. 1238", "normalizedLabel": "vat gr 1238", "aliases": [], "status": "catalogued in Smith 2024 table", "summary": "Greek minuscule · 1195 CE · catalogued in Smith 2024 table", "dateLabel": "1195 CE", "periodHints": [], "passages": [], "sourceIds": [], "relatedEventIds": [], "collisionGroups": [], "distinctFrom": [], "metadata": { "date": "1195 CE", "tradition": "Greek minuscule", "reading": 480 }, "fingerprint": "e3f275f2", "nativeUrl": "source-workbench.html?witness=minuscule246#manuscripts", "entityUrl": "entity-explorer.html?entity=manuscript-witness%3Aminuscule246", "connectionCount": 0 }, { "canonicalId": "passage-control:terru-letters", "type": "passage-control", "id": 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"child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:20–21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00414", "from": "person:zibeon", "to": "person:anah-zibeon", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:24" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00415", "from": "person:anah-zibeon", "to": "person:oholibamah-esau", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit within Genesis 36 naming traditions", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:2,14" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00416", "from": "person:bela-edom", "to": "person:jobab-edom", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit succession; not presented as father-son descent", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00417", "from": "person:jobab-edom", "to": "person:husham-edom", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit succession; not presented as father-son descent", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00418", "from": "person:husham-edom", "to": "person:hadad-edom", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit succession; not presented as father-son descent", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00419", "from": "person:hadad-edom", "to": "person:samlah-edom", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit succession; not presented as father-son descent", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00420", "from": "person:samlah-edom", "to": "person:shaul-edom", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit succession; not presented as father-son descent", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00421", "from": "person:shaul-edom", "to": "person:baal-hanan-edom", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit succession; not presented as father-son descent", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00422", "from": "person:baal-hanan-edom", "to": "person:hadar-edom", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit succession; not presented as father-son descent", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 36:31–39" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00423", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:bela-benjamin", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00424", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:becher-benjamin", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00425", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:ashbel", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00426", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:gera-benjamin", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00427", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:naaman-benjamin", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00428", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:ehi-benjamin", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00429", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:rosh-benjamin", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00430", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:muppim", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00431", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:huppim", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00432", "from": "person:benjamin", "to": "person:ard-benjamin", "fromRelation": "son or clan descendant of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit in Genesis; cross-text lists vary", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 46:21" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00433", "from": "person:kish-saul", "to": "person:saul-king", "fromRelation": "father or stated ancestor of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually complex across passages", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 9:1; 14:50–51", "1 Chronicles 8:29–33" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00434", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:ahinoam-saul", "fromRelation": "wife", "toRelation": "wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:50" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00435", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:jonathan-saul", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49", "1 Chronicles 8:33" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00436", "from": "person:ahinoam-saul", "to": "person:jonathan-saul", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "probable household inference from the named wife and children", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:50" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00437", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:abinadab-saul", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit for Abinadab", "note": "Possible, but unproved, identity with Ishvi is modeled separately.", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 31:2", "1 Chronicles 8:33; 9:39; 10:2" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00438", "from": "person:ahinoam-saul", "to": "person:abinadab-saul", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "probable household inference", "note": "The text names Ahinoam as Saul’s wife but does not individually identify the mother of each son.", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:50" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00439", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:malchi-shua", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49", "1 Chronicles 8:33" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00440", "from": "person:ahinoam-saul", "to": "person:malchi-shua", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "probable household inference from the named wife and children", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:50" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00441", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:eshbaal", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49", "1 Chronicles 8:33" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00442", "from": "person:ahinoam-saul", "to": "person:eshbaal", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "probable household inference from the named wife and children", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:50" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00443", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:merab", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00444", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:michal", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 14:49" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00445", "from": "person:david", "to": "person:michal", "fromRelation": "husband and wife", "toRelation": "husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Samuel 18:27" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00446", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:rizpah", "fromRelation": "concubine", "toRelation": "concubine", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Samuel 3:7" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00447", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:armoni", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Samuel 21:8" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00448", "from": "person:rizpah", "to": "person:armoni", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Samuel 21:8" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00449", "from": "person:saul-king", "to": "person:mephibosheth-rizpah", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Samuel 21:8" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00450", "from": "person:rizpah", "to": "person:mephibosheth-rizpah", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Samuel 21:8" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00451", "from": "person:jonathan-saul", "to": "person:mephibosheth-jonathan", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Samuel 4:4", "1 Chronicles 8:34" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00452", "from": "person:jeroboam-i", "to": "person:abijah-jeroboam", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 14:1; 15:25" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00453", "from": "person:jeroboam-i", "to": "person:nadab-israel", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 14:1; 15:25" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00454", "from": "person:baasha", "to": "person:elah-israel", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:6" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00455", "from": "person:nadab-israel", "to": "person:baasha", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 15:27–28" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00456", "from": "person:elah-israel", "to": "person:zimri-israel", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:9–10" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00457", "from": "person:zimri-israel", "to": "person:omri", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:16–22" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00458", "from": "person:tibni", "to": "person:omri", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "rival rather than linear succession", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:21–22" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00459", "from": "person:omri", "to": "person:ahab", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:28" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00460", "from": "person:ahab", "to": "person:jezebel", "fromRelation": "husband and wife", "toRelation": "husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 16:31" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00461", "from": "person:ahab", "to": "person:ahaziah-israel", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 22:40; 2 Kings 3:1" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00462", "from": "person:jezebel", "to": "person:ahaziah-israel", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "royal-house identification", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 9:22–37" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00463", "from": "person:ahab", "to": "person:joram-israel", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "1 Kings 22:40; 2 Kings 3:1" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00464", "from": "person:jezebel", "to": "person:joram-israel", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "royal-house identification", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 9:22–37" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00465", "from": "person:ahab", "to": "person:athaliah", "fromRelation": "father or immediate dynastic ancestor of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "likely daughter of Ahab; 2 Kings 8:26 calls her daughter/descendant of Omri", "note": "The Hebrew royal terminology can use “daughter” for a dynastic descendant; the graph does not add Omri as a second biological father.", "passages": [ "2 Kings 8:18,26" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00466", "from": "person:joram-israel", "to": "person:jehu-israel", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 9:24" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00467", "from": "person:jehu-israel", "to": "person:jehoahaz-israel", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 10:35; 13–15" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00468", "from": "person:jehoahaz-israel", "to": "person:joash-israel", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 10:35; 13–15" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00469", "from": "person:joash-israel", "to": "person:jeroboam-ii", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 10:35; 13–15" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00470", "from": "person:jeroboam-ii", "to": "person:zechariah-israel", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 10:35; 13–15" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00471", "from": "person:zechariah-israel", "to": "person:shallum-israel", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:10" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00472", "from": "person:shallum-israel", "to": "person:menahem", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:14" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00473", "from": "person:menahem", "to": "person:pekahiah", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:22" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00474", "from": "person:pekahiah", "to": "person:pekah", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:25" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00475", "from": "person:pekah", "to": "person:hoshea-israel", "fromRelation": "succeeded by", "toRelation": "preceded by", "kind": "genealogy:dynastic-successor", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Kings 15:30" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00476", "from": "person:levi", "to": "person:gershon", "fromRelation": "father or clan ancestor of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Exodus 6:16" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00477", "from": "person:levi", "to": "person:merari", "fromRelation": "father or clan ancestor of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Exodus 6:16" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00478", "from": "person:kohath", "to": "person:izhar", "fromRelation": "father or clan ancestor of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", 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"genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Esther 2:5" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00559", "from": "person:jair-mordecai", "to": "person:mordecai", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Esther 2:5" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00560", "from": "person:abihail-esther", "to": "person:esther", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Esther 2:15" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00561", "from": "person:mordecai", "to": "person:esther", "fromRelation": "adoptive guardian and cousin", "toRelation": "legal / social child", "kind": "genealogy:legal-parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Esther 2:7, 15" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00562", "from": "person:zechariah-priest", "to": "person:elizabeth", "fromRelation": "husband and wife", "toRelation": "husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Luke 1:5" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00563", "from": "person:zechariah-priest", "to": "person:john-baptist-person", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Luke 1:13, 57–63" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00564", "from": "person:elizabeth", "to": "person:john-baptist-person", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Luke 1:13, 57–63" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00565", "from": "person:elizabeth", "to": "person:mary", "fromRelation": "relative", "toRelation": "relative", "kind": "genealogy:sibling-kin", "certainty": "The precise degree of kinship is not stated.", "note": "", "passages": [ "Luke 1:36" ], 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explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 1:19" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00572", "from": "person:zebedee", "to": "person:salome-zebedee", "fromRelation": "possible husband and wife", "toRelation": "possible husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "Identification of Salome with the mother of Zebedee’s sons is traditional, not explicit in one passage.", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 15:40; Matthew 27:56" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00573", "from": "person:salome-zebedee", "to": "person:james-zebedee", "fromRelation": "possible mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "traditional identification", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 15:40; Matthew 27:56" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00574", "from": "person:salome-zebedee", "to": "person:john-zebedee", "fromRelation": "possible mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "traditional identification", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 15:40; Matthew 27:56" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00575", "from": "person:alphaeus", "to": "person:james-alphaeus", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 3:18" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00576", "from": "person:alphaeus", "to": "person:levi-alphaeus", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 2:14" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00577", "from": "person:martha", "to": "person:mary-bethany", "fromRelation": "sisters", "toRelation": "sisters", "kind": "genealogy:sibling-kin", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "John 11:1" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00578", "from": "person:martha", "to": "person:lazarus", "fromRelation": "sister and brother", "toRelation": "sister and brother", "kind": "genealogy:sibling-kin", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "John 11:1–3" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00579", "from": "person:mary-bethany", "to": "person:lazarus", "fromRelation": "sister and brother", "toRelation": "sister and brother", "kind": "genealogy:sibling-kin", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "John 11:1–3" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00580", "from": "person:lois", "to": "person:eunice", "fromRelation": "mother or maternal ancestor of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "Commonly inferred as mother-daughter; precise link is not stated explicitly.", "note": "", "passages": [ "2 Timothy 1:5" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00581", "from": "person:eunice", "to": "person:timothy", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Acts 16:1" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00582", "from": "person:priscilla", "to": "person:aquila", "fromRelation": "wife and husband", "toRelation": "wife and husband", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Acts 18:2" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00583", "from": "person:ananias-acts", "to": "person:sapphira", "fromRelation": "husband and wife", "toRelation": "husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Acts 5:1" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00584", "from": "person:herod-great", "to": "person:doris-herod", "fromRelation": "wife", "toRelation": "wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 15–17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00585", "from": "person:herod-great", "to": "person:mariamne-i", "fromRelation": "wife", "toRelation": "wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 15–17" ], 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"certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00590", "from": "person:herod-great", "to": "person:alexander-herod", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00591", "from": "person:mariamne-i", "to": "person:alexander-herod", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00592", "from": "person:herod-great", "to": "person:aristobulus-iv", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00593", "from": "person:mariamne-i", "to": 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"sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00597", "from": "person:malthace", "to": "person:antipas", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00598", "from": "person:herod-great", "to": "person:olympias-herod", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00599", "from": "person:malthace", "to": "person:olympias-herod", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00600", "from": "person:herod-great", "to": "person:philip-tetrarch", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00601", "from": "person:cleopatra-jerusalem", "to": "person:philip-tetrarch", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00602", "from": "person:herod-great", "to": "person:mariamne-ii", "fromRelation": "wife", "toRelation": "wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 15–17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00603", "from": "person:herod-great", "to": "person:herod-ii", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00604", "from": "person:mariamne-ii", "to": "person:herod-ii", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00605", "from": "person:aristobulus-iv", "to": "person:berenice-i", "fromRelation": "husband and wife", "toRelation": "husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 16" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00606", "from": "person:aristobulus-iv", "to": "person:agrippa-i", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00607", "from": "person:berenice-i", "to": "person:agrippa-i", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, 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"kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00612", "from": "person:aristobulus-iv", "to": "person:herodias", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00613", "from": "person:berenice-i", "to": "person:herodias", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00614", "from": "person:aristobulus-iv", "to": "person:mariamne-iii", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00615", "from": "person:berenice-i", "to": "person:mariamne-iii", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 17" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00616", "from": "person:herod-ii", "to": "person:herodias", "fromRelation": "first husband and wife", "toRelation": "first husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 6:17; Josephus, Antiquities 18" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00617", "from": "person:antipas", "to": "person:herodias", "fromRelation": "later husband and wife", "toRelation": "later husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "relationship condemned in the Gospel narrative", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 6:17–18" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00618", "from": "person:herodias", "to": "person:salome-herodian", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Mark 6:22; Josephus, Antiquities 18" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00619", "from": "person:herod-ii", "to": "person:salome-herodian", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 18" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00620", "from": "person:agrippa-i", "to": "person:cypros-agrippa", "fromRelation": "husband and wife", "toRelation": "husband and wife", "kind": "genealogy:spouse", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 18" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00621", "from": "person:agrippa-i", "to": "person:agrippa-ii", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 19" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00622", "from": "person:cypros-agrippa", "to": "person:agrippa-ii", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 19" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00623", "from": "person:agrippa-i", "to": "person:berenice-ii", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 19" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00624", "from": "person:cypros-agrippa", "to": "person:berenice-ii", "fromRelation": "mother of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ "Josephus, Antiquities 19" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-00625", "from": "person:agrippa-i", "to": "person:drusilla", "fromRelation": "father of", "toRelation": "child", "kind": "genealogy:parent", "certainty": "textually explicit", "note": "", "passages": [ 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"event-claim:joseph-hyksos-biblical-track", "to": "event:joseph-hyksos", "fromRelation": "describes event", "toRelation": "has event claim", "kind": "event-claim", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [ "Genesis 37–50" ], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04909", "from": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-world-track", "to": "event:joseph-hyksos", "fromRelation": "describes event", "toRelation": "has event claim", "kind": "event-claim", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] }, { "id": "edge-04910", "from": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-world-track", "to": "source:arce-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04911", "from": "event-claim:joseph-hyksos-world-track", "to": "source:stantis-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": 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"passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04945", "from": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-evidence-1", "to": "source:stantis-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04946", "from": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-evidence-2", "to": "event:hyksos-egypt", "fromRelation": "describes event", "toRelation": "has event claim", "kind": "event-claim", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] }, { "id": "edge-04947", "from": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-evidence-2", "to": "source:arce-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04948", "from": "event-claim:hyksos-egypt-evidence-2", "to": "source:stantis-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event 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"edge-04956", "from": "event-claim:legacy-avaris-migration", "to": "source:arce-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04957", "from": "event-claim:legacy-avaris-migration", "to": "source:stantis-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04958", "from": "event-claim:legacy-hyksos-western-asiatic", "to": "event:hyksos-egypt", "fromRelation": "describes event", "toRelation": "has event claim", "kind": "event-claim", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] }, { "id": "edge-04959", "from": "event-claim:legacy-hyksos-western-asiatic", "to": "source:arce-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04960", "from": "event-claim:legacy-hyksos-western-asiatic", "to": "source:stantis-hyksos", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04961", "from": "event-claim:hittite-sack-babylon-summary", "to": "event:hittite-sack-babylon", "fromRelation": "describes event", "toRelation": "has event claim", "kind": "event-claim", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [ "No biblical text directly describes the Hittite sack of Babylon." ], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ] }, { "id": "edge-04962", "from": "event-claim:hittite-sack-babylon-summary", "to": "source:met-babylon", "fromRelation": "cites source", "toRelation": "supports event claim", "kind": "claim-source", "certainty": "", "note": "", "passages": [], "sourceIds": [] }, { "id": "edge-04963", "from": 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"relationship": "artifact biblical-book association", "note": "" } ], "recordCount": 1 } ], "books": [ "1 Chronicles", "1 Clement", "1 Corinthians", "1 Kings", "1 Maccabees", "1 Samuel", "1 Thessalonians", "2 Chronicles", "2 Corinthians", "2 Kings", "2 Maccabees", "2 Samuel", "2 Timothy", "Acts", "Amos", "Barnabas", "Colossians", "Daniel", "Deuteronomy", "Ephesians", "Esther", "Exodus", "Ezekiel", "Ezra", "Galatians", "Genesis", "Habakkuk", "Haggai", "Hebrews", "Hosea", "Isaiah", "Jeremiah", "Joel", "John", "Joshua", "Judges", "Lamentations", "Leviticus", "Luke", "Malachi", "Mark", "Matthew", "Micah", "Nehemiah", "Numbers", "Philemon", "Philippians", "Psalm", "Psalms", "Revelation", "Romans", "Ruth", "Zechariah", "Zephaniah" ] }